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Functional gastrointestinal disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: Time for a paradigm shift?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第26期26卷 3712-3719页

作者： Dipesh H Vasant alexander c ford Gastroenterology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St.James’s University of LeedsLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mucosal and histological healing,rather than clinical remission ***,the treatment of refractory“functional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has recently become more prominent in quiescent *** further expected advances in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of such symptoms in quiescent disease,which have been relatively neglected,is set to become an even bigger *** this article,we highlight the current state of research and understanding in this field,including recent developments and clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms,such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional anorectal and pelvic floor disorders,in patients with quiescent *** disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are difficult to treat,with very few evidence-based ***,they are associated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,considerable morbidity,and psychological *** is therefore an urgent need for a change in emphasis towards earlier recognition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of active *** article also highlights the need for further research to develop much needed evidence-based therapies.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Functional gastrointestinal disorders Faecal incontinence Pelvic floor dyssynergia

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Efficacy of infliximab in acute severe ulcerative colitis:A single-centre experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1091-1097页

作者： Stephen J Halpin P John Hamlin Daniel P Gree Lisa Warren alexander c ford Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St.James's University HospitalLeedsWest Yorkshire LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St.James's University HospitalLeedsWest Yorkshire LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom r Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of LeedsLeedsWest Yorkshire LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom

AIM:To suggest infliximab(IFX) is effective for acute severe ulcerative colitis,from real-life clinical ***:All patients receiving IFX for the treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis in a single centre were *** were extracted from clinical records in order to assess response to IFX *** primary endpoint was colectomy-free survival,and secondary outcomes included glucocorticosteroid-free remission and safety,which was evaluated by recording deaths and adverse *** and clinical characteristics of those who underwent colectomy and those who were colectomy-free,both at discharge from their index admission,and during follow-up after an initial response to IFX were ***:Forty-four patients(16 females,mean age 36 years) received IFX between May 2006 and January 2012 for acute severe ulcerative *** median duration of follow-up post-first infusion was 396 d(interquartile range = 173-828 d).There were 21(47.7%) patients with 2 years of follow-up post-first infusion of ***,35(79.5%) responded to IFX,avoiding colectomy during their index admission,29(65.9%) were colectomyfree at last point of follow-up(median follow-up 396 d),and 25(56.8%) were in glucocorticosteroid-free remission at end of *** was one death from post-operative sepsis,20 d after a single IFX *** rates were generally lower among those "bridging" to *** 18 patients "bridged" to thiopurine therapy,17(94.4%) were colectomyfree,and 15(83.3%) were in glucocorticosteroid-free remission at study *** predictors of response were ***:IFX is effective for acute severe ulcerative colitis in real-life clinical ***-thirds of patients avoided colectomy,and more than 50% were in glucocorticosteroid-free remission.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Severe Azathioprine Infliximab Remission

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Adverse events with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication:Systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第48期14卷 7361-7370页

作者： alexander c ford Peter Malfertheiner Monique Giguère José Santana Mostafizur Khan Paul Moayyedi Gastroenterology Division McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Klinic fur Gastroenterologie Hepatologie and Infektiologie Otto-v.-Guerike Universitat Magdeburg Germany Axcan Pharma Inc.

AIM： To assess the safety of bismuth used in Helicobacter pylori （H pylorl） eradication therapy regimens. METHODS： We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched （up to October 2007） to identify randomised controlled tri- als comparing bismuth with placebo or no treatment, or bismuth salts in combination with antibiotics as part of eradication therapy with the same dose and duration of antibiotics alone or, in combination, with acid suppresion. Total numbers of adverse events were recorded. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals （cI）.RESULTS： We identified 35 randomised controlled trials containing 4763 patients. There were no serious adverse events occurring with bismuth therapy. There was no statistically significant difference detected in total adverse events with bismuth rrelative risk （RR） = 1.01; 95% cI： 0.87-1.16], specific individual adverse events, with the exception of dark stools （RR = 5.06; 95% cI： 1.59-16.12）, or adverse events leading to withdrawal of therapy （RR = 0.86; 95% cI： 0.54-1.37）. cONcLUSION： Bismuth for the treatment of H py/ori is safe and well-tolerated. The only adverse event occurring significantly more commonly was dark stools.

关键词： Bismuth Eradication therapy Helicobacterpylori Adverse events Systematic review Meta-analysis

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溃疡性结肠炎

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英国医学杂志中文版 2017年第7期20卷 387-392页

作者： alexander c ford Paul Moayyedl Steven B Hanauer Joseph B Kirsner 谭蓓吴东 Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St James's University Hospital Leeds LS9 7TF UK Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine Leeds University Leeds UK McMaster University Medical centre Hamilton ON Canada University of chicago 5481 S Maryland Ave Chicago IL USA 北京协和医院消化科

溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerativecolitis，uc）是一种消化道炎症性疾病，病变主要位于结直肠。Uc好发于青年人，发达国家的人群患病率较高。Uc表现为结直肠弥漫性、连续性浅表炎症，以及相应的组织学改变。下消化道内镜或影像检查可以明确诊... 详细信息

溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerativecolitis，uc）是一种消化道炎症性疾病，病变主要位于结直肠。Uc好发于青年人，发达国家的人群患病率较高。Uc表现为结直肠弥漫性、连续性浅表炎症，以及相应的组织学改变。下消化道内镜或影像检查可以明确诊断。目前尚未发现Uc的明确病因，其发病机制与遗传易感个体的结肠内环境变化有关，具有慢性、终身、易复发的病程特点。

关键词：溃疡性结肠炎治疗方法消化系统医疗卫生行业

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消化不良

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英国医学杂志中文版 2014年第2期17卷 95-101页

作者： alexander c ford Paul Moayyedi 张璐(译) 夏志伟(校) Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St James's University Hospital Leeds UK Leeds Institute of Biomedical and clinical Sciences Leeds University Leeds UK Gastroenterology Division McMaster University Health Sciences Center Hamilton ON Canada 北京大学第三医院消化内科

消化不良的定义不尽相同，但总体来说描述的都是上腹部的疼痛和不适。消化不良患者的生命年限正常，但生活质量会因此而降低，工作效率也饱受影响。据估计，英国针对消化不良上的花费约为每年10亿英镑（约合11．6亿欧元或15．5亿美元）... 详细信息

消化不良的定义不尽相同，但总体来说描述的都是上腹部的疼痛和不适。消化不良患者的生命年限正常，但生活质量会因此而降低，工作效率也饱受影响。据估计，英国针对消化不良上的花费约为每年10亿英镑（约合11．6亿欧元或15．5亿美元），所以，恰当地处理这种状况就显得尤为重要。

关键词：消化不良生命年限生活质量工作效率上腹部

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H pylori是否会引起十二指肠溃疡

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中国继续医学教育 2009年第4期1卷 72-74页

作者： alexander c ford Michael Hobsley 林丽艳谷海瀛

十二指肠溃疡和H pylori间的关系需要重新审视。2009年8月的BMJ同时刊登了英国圣詹姆斯大学医学院alexander c ford等和英国伦敦大学医学院MichaelHobsley等关于该问题的论述,但两篇文章的观点截然不同。

关键词：十二指肠溃疡病幽门螺杆菌感染率胃酸分泌过多因果关系溃疡愈合患病率发病率发展中国家感染方式

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Evaluation and management of the child with hypothyroidism

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期15卷 124-134页

作者： alexander K.c.Leung alexander A.c.Leung Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Medicine The University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Background Thyroid hormones are critical for early neurocognitive development as well as growth and development throughout *** recognition and treatment of hypothyroidism is,therefore,of utmost importance to optimize physical and neurodevelopmental *** sources A PubMed search was completed in clinical Queries using the key terms 'hypothyroidism'.Results Hypothyroidism may be present at birth (congenital hypothyroidism) or develop later in life (acquired hypothyroidism).Thyroid dysgenesis and dyshormonogenesis account for approximately 85% and 15% of permanent cases of congenital primary hypothyroidism,*** than 95% of infants with congenital hypothyroidism have few,if any,clinical manifestations of *** screening programs allow early detection of congenital *** developed countries,Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of goiter and acquired hypothyroidism in children and ***,iodine deficiency associated with goiter is the most common cause of *** hypothyroidism is uncommon and may be associated with other congenital syndromes and deficiencies of other pituitary *** of the clinical features would allow prompt diagnosis and institution of *** To optimize neurocognitive outcome in infants with congenital hypothyroidism,treatment with levothyroxine should be started as soon as possible,preferably within the first 2 weeks of *** with acquired hypothyroidism should also be treated early to ensure normal growth and development as well as cognitive *** target is to keep serum TSH cific reference range,with elimination of all symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism.

关键词： Dysgenesis Dyshormonogenesis Hashimoto thyroiditis Hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency Levothyroxine Mental retardation Stunted growth

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Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira c. Becker alexander Keller Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ecological experiments often require standardized methods that exclude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domesticated honey bee larvae are raisable in a controlled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approach is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without inducing negative effects on their development. Wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic substance oxytetracycline to control the presence of bacteria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring recruitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of factors as for example diets, toxins and microbiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ecotoxicology larval ontogeny Osmia bicornis oxytetracycline pathogens

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Dirac concentrations in a chemostat Model of Adaptive Evolution(In honor of the immense scientific influence of Ham Brezis)

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chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 513-538页

作者： alexander LORZ Benoit PERTHAME cécile TAING Sorbonne Universits UPMC Univ Paris 06InriaLaboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions UM R CNRS 7598F75005 ParisFrance

This paper deals with a non-local parabolic equation of Lotka-Volterra type that describes the evolution of phenotypically structured populations. Nonlinearities appear in these systems to model interactions and competition phenomena leading to selection. In this paper, the equation on the structured population is coupled with a differential equation on the nutrient concentration that changes as the total population *** methods aimed at showing the convergence of the solutions to a moving Dirac mass are reviewed. Using either weak or strong regularity assumptions, the authors study the concentration of the solution. To this end, BV estimates in time on appropriate quantities are stated, and a constrained Hamilton-Jacobi equation to identify where the solutions concentrates as Dirac masses is derived.

关键词： Adaptive evolution, Asymptotic behaviour, chemostat, Dirac concentrations,Hamilton-Jacobi equations, Lotka-Volterra equations, Viscosity solutions

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Robust tracking control of a robot manipulator using a passivity-based extended-state observer approach

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IET cyber-Systems and Robotics 2019年第2期1卷 63-71页

作者： Mohammed Ali c.K.alexander Department of Electrical Engineering computer Science Cleveland State UniversityClevelandOhio 44115USA

study presents a combination of the robust passivity-based controller(RPBc)and an extended state observer(ESO)for the tracking control of a three degree-of-freedom PUMA 500 robot manipulator under parameter variations and external *** dynamic model of the PUMA robot and its structural properties are *** extra state in the ESO estimates the parameter variations and external disturbances in the control *** the RPBc cancels them in the control *** stability of the proposed control system and the convergence of the observation errors are *** prove that the proposed controller is robust and tracks well under parameter variations,and external disturbances,validating the proposed control scheme.

关键词： robot state PUMA

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