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Methods for the use of the best Russian innovations in forest fire detection and suppression

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2255-2263页

作者： alexander A.Martynyuk vera A.Savchenkova Nikolay A.Korshunov Roman v.Kotelnikov All-Russian Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry(ARRISMF) Institutskaya str.15PushkinoMoscow regionRussia141202

This paper addresses the final stage of the study concerning the practical use of the best Russian methods,technologies and means for detecting and extinguishing forest fires in *** general,the work is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the forest fire protection system by improving the methodological and technical support for the use of the best new *** the course of the study,analytical methods have been applied,tested and used in silviculture,while developing and improving the regulatory legal and methodological *** on the selection of research directions in the preliminary stages of work,analysis of the current state,use,and the development forecast of the most effective and promising technologies was carried *** addition,for detecting,controlling and extinguishing forest fires,including a comparative analysis of their economic efficiency,methods for practical use of the best Russian innovations was developed.A significant number of new developments have accumulated which,for a number of reasons,have not been *** into account the current state and dynamics of these promising methods,technologies,means of detecting and extinguishing forest fires,this study substantiates the development forecast of these promising innovations and their *** structure includes general provisions,concepts and terminology,regulatory support,the procedure for assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of the innovations,as well as a list of recommended documents for studying the use of technology for detecting,controlling and extinguishing forest *** methods will help meet modern requirements for the protection of forests from wildfires,and present an algorithm for their implementation in practice.

关键词： Forest protection Fire suppression Wildfire Efficacy

Zr4+/F~– co-doped TiO2(anatase) as high performance anode material for lithium-ion battery

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第5期28卷 542-547页

作者： Denis P.Opra Sergey v.Gnedenkov Sergey L.Sinebryukhov Elena I.voit alexander A.Sokolov alexander Yu.Ustinov veniamin v.Zheleznov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Federal University

Zr4+and F~– co-doped TiO2with the formula of Ti0.97Zr0.03O1.98F0.02was facilely synthesized by a sol-gel template *** crystal structure,morphology,composition,surface area,and conductivity were characterized by Raman spectroscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray analysis,scanning electron microscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and electrochemical impedance *** results demonstrate that Zr4+and F~–homogeneously incorporated into TiO2,forming solid solution with an anatase ***0.97Zr0.03O1.98F0.02shows outstanding electrochemical properties as Li-ion battery anode in comparison with *** particular,upon 35-fold cycling at 1C-rate Zr4+/F~–co-doped TiO2delivers a reversible capacity of 163 mAh g–1,whereas Zr4+-doped TiO2gives only 34 mA h g–***,Zr4+/F~–co-doped TiO2retains a capacity of 138 mA h g–1during cycling even at 10 *** enhance performance originates from improved conductivity of Zr4+/F~–co-doped TiO2material through generation of Ti3+(serving as electron donors)into the crystal lattice and,possibly,due to F-doping blocked the anode surface from attack of HF formed as electrolyte decomposition product.

关键词： Li-ion batteries TiO2(anatase) Anode Co-doping Sol-gel template Process Electrochemical performance

A 96-antenna radioheliograph

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 864-868页

作者： Sergey v.Lesovoi alexander T.Altyntsev Eugene F.Ivanov Alexey v.Gubin Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics

Here we briefly present some design approaches for a multifrequency 96-antenna radioheliograph. The configuration of the array antenna, transmission lines and digital receivers is the main focus of this work. The radioheliograph is a T-shaped centrally condensed radiointerferometer operating in the frequency range 4–8 *** justification for the choice of such a configuration is discussed. The signals from antennas are transmitted to a workroom by analog optical links. The dynamic range and phase errors of the microwave-over-optical signal are considered. The signals after downconverting are processed by digital receivers for delay tracking and fringe stopping. The required step of delay tracking and data rates are considered. Two 3-bit data streams（I and Q） are transmitted to a correlator with the transceivers embedded in Field Programmed Gate Array chips and with PCI Express cables.

关键词： telescopes -- instrumentation: interferometers -- Sun: radio radiation

Physiological significance of oxidative stress and its role in adaptation of the human body to deleterious factors

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 19-27页

作者： vadim v. Davydov alexander v. Shestopalov Evgenya R. Grabovetskaya Chair of biochemistry and molecular biology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow 117997 Russia Chair of biochemistry v.N. Karazin Kharkov National University Ukraine Kharkov 61077 Ukraine

BACKGROUND： Oxidative stress is an extremely widespread condition manifested in an increased rate of free-radical processes and accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the tissues. It appears in different physiologic states and pathological processes accompanied by stimulation of the sympathetic adrenal system or tissue hypoxia or under stress. However, until now, there is still no clarity on the issue of the significance of oxidative stress in the development of adaptation processes in the organism. OBJECTIvE： In the present work we will review the most recent finding about physiologic role of oxidative stress and its participation in adaptation of an organism to effect of different adverse factors. METHODS： A systematic literature search was performed using the Pubmed search engine. Studies published over past 18 years, i.e. between 1998 and 2015 were considered for review. Followed keywords were used：＂oxidative stress,＂＂free radical oxidation,＂＂ROS,＂＂endogenous aldehydes,＂＂adaptation.＂ RESULTS： The article cites arguments supporting the notion that oxidative stress serves as a nonspecific link in the adaptation of the human body to the effects of injurious factors. Oxidative stress exerts regulatory effects by changing the redox state of the cell. Oxidative stress affects on various intracellular proteins containing cysteine residues, e.g., enzymes, chaperones, and transcription factors, etc. For this reason, the use of antioxidants for the treatment and prophylaxis of a wide range of diseases is not recommended. CONCLUSION： Further investigation is needed in this field. The most attention should be paid to careful experimental verification aimed at quantitative assessment of the ROS level in tissues under oxidative stress, as well as at the study of possibility of enhancing the catabolism of free radical oxidation carbonyl products in order to prevent tissue damage under oxidative stress.

关键词： oxidative stress free radical oxidation ROS adaptation endogenous aldehydes

Machine learning-driven synthesis of TiZrNbHfTaC_(5) high-entropy carbide

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2293-2303页

作者： alexander Ya.Pak vadim Sotskov Arina A.Gumovskaya Yuliya Z.vassilyeva Zhanar S.Bolatova Yulia A.Kvashnina Gennady Ya.Mamontov alexander v.Shapeev alexander G.Kvashnin National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 30 Lenin AvenueTomsk 634050Russia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation CenterBolshoi Blv.30Building 1Moscow 121205Russia Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University 1 Ostrovityanova St.Moscow 117997Russia

Synthesis of high-entropy carbides(HEC)requires high temperatures that can be provided by electric arc plasma ***,the formation temperature of a single-phase sample remains ***,under some temperatures multi-phase structures can *** this work,we developed an approach for a controllable synthesis of HEC TiZrNbHfTaC_(5) based on theoretical and experimental *** used Canonical Monte Carlo(CMC)simulations with the machine learning interatomic potentials to determine the temperature conditions for the formation of single-phase and multi-phase *** full agreement with the theory,the single-phase sample,produced with electric arc discharge,was observed at 2000 *** 1200 K,the sample decomposed into(Ti-Nb-Ta)C,and a mixture of(Zr-Hf-Ta)C,(Zr-Nb-Hf)C,(Zr-Nb)C,and(Zr-Ta)*** results demonstrate the conditions for the formation of HEC and we anticipate that our approach can pave the way towards targeted synthesis of multicomponent materials.

关键词： carbide materials

Ecological and habitat ranges of orchids in the northernmost regions of their distribution areas:A case study from Ural Mountains,Russia

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Plant Diversity 2023年第2期45卷 211-218页

作者： Irina A.Kirillova Yuriy A.Dubrovskiy Svetlana v.Degteva alexander B.Novakovskiy Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Kommunisticheskaya St.167982SyktyvkarKomi RepublicRussia

The Orchidaceae,which is one of the most interesting families of angiosperms,contains a large number of rare *** their acknowledged importance,little attention has been paid to the study of orchids distributed in northern *** this study,we determined the syntaxonomical diversity and ecological parameters of orchid habitats in two of Europe's largest protected areas,the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve and the Yugyd va National Park(northeastern European Russia),and then compared our findings to those in other parts of orchid distribution *** this purpose,we studied 345 descriptions of plant communities(releves) containing species from Orchidaceae and defined habitat parameters using Ellenberg indicator values with the community weight mean approach,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMS),and relative niche *** found that orchids were distributed in eight habitat types and 97 plant *** largest number of orchid species is found in forest *** of the orchid species under study occur in the mires and rock habitats with open *** orchids consistently occur in areas disturbed by human *** addition,our study indicates that the main drivers of orchid distribution across the vegetation types are light and soil *** analysis of the ecological parameters of orchid habitats indicates that some orchid species can be classified as habitat specialists that are confined to a relatively narrow ecological niche in the Urals(e.g.,Goodyera repens,Cypripedium guttatum and Dactylorhiza maculata).Several other species(*** cordata and Dactylorhiza fuchsia) grow under diverse ecological parameters.

关键词： Orchidaceae Plant communities Nature protected areas Community weight mean Illumination Moisture

Effects of historic wildfire and prescribed fire on site occupancy of bats in Shenandoah National Park,virginia,USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1255-1270页

作者： Lauren v.Austin alexander Silvis W.Mark Ford Karen E.Powers Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Resource Environmental Solutions WarrentonVA 20187USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitBlacksburgVA 24061USA Biology Department Radford UniversityRadfordVA 24141USA

Given the likelihood of regional extirpation of several once-common bat species in eastern North America from white-nose syndrome,it is critical that the impacts of forest management activities,such as prescribed fire,are known in order to minimize potentially additive negative effects on bat *** wildfires may offer a suitable surrogate to assess long-term burn impacts on bats for planning,implementing and assessing burn *** examine the effects of historic fire on bats,we sampled bat activities at 24 transect locations in burned and unburned forest stands in the central Appalachian Mountains of Shenandoah National Park(SNP),virginia,*** was limited evidence of positive fire effects over time on hoary bats(Lasiurus cinereus Beauvois)and big brown bats(Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois)***,there were few or mostly equivocal relationships of bat occupancy relative to burn conditions or time since fire in SNP across species using a false-positive occupancy *** results suggest that fire does not strongly affect bat site occupancy short-or long-term in the central Appalachians.

关键词： Appalachian mountains Bats False-positive occupancy Prescribed fire Wildfire

Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef Krása Tomás Burian vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová Sushil Kumar Singh vojtech vozda Ludek vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam M.vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan alexander Köhler Marion Harmand Sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DESY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

Spatiospectral transformation of noncollimated light beams diffracted by ultrasound in birefringent crystals

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Photonics Research 2021年第5期9卷 687-693页

作者： ALEXEY v.GOREvOY alexander S.MACHIKHIN GRIGORIY N.MARTYNOv vITOLD E.POZHAR Laboratory of Acousto-optic Spectroscopy Scientific and Technological Center of Unique InstrumentationRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 117342Russia

Spatiospectral structure of wave phase matching in birefringent crystals has a strong dependence on the geometry of the acousto-optic interaction and incident light spectrum. This dependence defines details of light beam profile transformation. It is especially important for imaging applications related to a large angular aperture and a wide spectral bandwidth of the incident light. In this paper, we demonstrate accurate three-dimensional plotting of a light transmission pattern without small birefringence approximation. The rather complicated shape of the phase-matching locus in the spatiospectral domain inevitably leads to residual spatially nonuniform chromatic aberrations in the spectral image. Theoretical consideration and computational modeling are confirmed by the experiments on Bragg diffraction in paratellurite crystal. The results are especially important for the development of acousto-optical imaging devices and laser beam shaping technologies.

关键词： spectral light matching