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Predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index in recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation

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World Journal of Cardiology 2025年第1期17卷 22-27页

作者： alexander E Berezin Department of Internal Medicine-II Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg 5020Austria

The recurrence of atrial fibrillation(AF)in patients after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)appears to be an unresolved clinical issue and needs to be clearly *** are many factors associated with AF recurrence,such as duration of AF,male sex,concomitant heart failure,hemodynamic parameters,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,hypertension,obstructive sleep apnea,hyperthyroidism,smoking and ***,the inflammatory changes are strongly associated with electrical and structural cardiac remodeling,cardiac damage,myocardial fibrotic changes,microvascular dysfunction and altered reparative *** this context,biomarkers reflecting the different stages of AF pathogenesis deserve thorough *** authors of the retrospective study revealed that one-year recurrence rate of non-valvular AF in the high systemic immune inflammation(SII)index group was significantly increased compared to that of the low SII index group and provided additional predictive value to the ***,the authors suggest that this biomarker may help physicians to optimize the selection of AF patients and to develop a personalized treatment *** conclusion,the SII index may serve as a valuable indicator of recurrent AF in patients after RFCA and may be a biomarker with plausible predictive value for poor clinical outcomes.

关键词： Systemic immune inflammation index Recurrent atrial fibrillation Radiofrequency catheter ablation Biomarkers APPLE score Prediction

Protective activity of adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles in ischemia and/or reperfusion

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2025年第1期17卷 1-5页

作者： alexander E Berezin Internal Medicine-II Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg 5020Austria

Increasing evidence of the significant clinical value of protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury has contributed to the realization of the independent importance of this approach in improving prognosis and reducing cardiovascular *** vesicles(EVs)derived by adipose mesenchymal stem cells may mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells and provide regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties,which are enhanced byγ-aminobutyric *** protective effects on cardiac myocytes may result from the EV embarked by miR-21-5p,which is a target for thioredoxin-interacting protein,regulating the formation of thioredoxin-interacting protein-thioredoxin complexes and subsequently enhancing the antioxidant activity of *** has been found thatγ-aminobutyric acid governs myocardial bioenergetics through suppressing inflammation and supporting mitochondrial ***,stem cell-based cell-free therapy based on adipose-derived stem cell EVs is considered a promising approach to individualized management of ischemia-induced cardiomyopathy.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles Adipose mesenchymal stem cells MicroRNA-21-5p Cardiac protection Ischemia Reperfusion

Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

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Assessment of the heartwood contribution to carbon accumulation in Pinus sylvestris L. trees under different forest site conditions

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FOREST ECOSYSTEMS 2025年第1期12卷 159-175页

作者： Galibina, Natalia A. Nikerova, Kseniya M. Moshnikov, Sergey A. Kryshen, alexander M. Russian Acad Sci Forest Res Inst Karelian Res Ctr 11 Pushkinskaya St Petrozavodsk 185910 Karelia Russia

Background: The heartwood (HW) proportion in the trunk of mature trees is an important characteristic not only for wood quality but also for assessing the role of forests in carbon sequestration. We have for the first time studied the proportion of HW in the trunk and the distribution of carbon and extractives in sapwood (SW) and HW of 70-80 year old Pinus sylvestris L. trees under different growing conditions in the pine forests of North-West Russia. Method: We have examined the influence of conditions and tree position in stand (dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees) in the ecological series: blueberry pine forest (Blu) - lingonberry pine forest (Lin) - lichen pine forest (Lic). We have analyzed the influence of climate conditions in the biogeographical series of Lin: the middle taiga subzone - the northern taiga subzone - the transition area of the northern taiga subzone and tundra. Results: We found that the carbon concentration in HW was 1.6%-3.4% higher than in SW, and the difference depended on growing conditions. Carbon concentration in HW increased with a decrease in stand productivity (Blu-Lin-Lic). In medium-productive stands, the carbon concentration in SW was higher in intermediate and supressed trees compared to dominant trees. In the series from south to north, carbon concentration in HW increased by up to 2%, while in SW, it rose by 2.7%-3.8%. Conclusions: Our results once again emphasized the need for an empirical assessment of the accurate carbon content in aboveground wood biomass, including various forest growing conditions, to better understand the role of boreal forests in carbon storage.

关键词： Scots pine Blueberry pine forest Lingonberry pine forest Lichen pine forest Tree social class Climate Carbon content Extractives Cellulose Lignin

Lamotrigine-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy, renal failure, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic shock

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 88-90页

作者： Ariella Gartenberg Juan Esteban Munoz Eusse alexander Petrie Tsui Yuen Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and Montefi ore Medical CenterBronx 10461USA Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and North Central Bronx HospitalBronx 10461USA

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and often fatal overactivation of the immune system. It is characterized by inappropriate and dysregulated activation of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8^(+)cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages. Ineffective interactions between NK cells, CD8^(+)T cells, and their pathogenic targets lead to massive cytokine accumulation and widespread macrophage activation. Resultant hemophagocytosis and excessive organdamaging infl ammation subsequently *** may be triggered by genetic or sporadic disorders,as well as specific events that alter immune *** events include inflammatory or infectious disease processes and malignancy.

关键词： histiocytosis phagocytic homeostasis

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Risk factors, prevention and screening of colorectal cancer: A rising problem

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第5期31卷 117-123页

作者： Vladislav V Tsukanov alexander V Vasyutin Julia L Tonkikh Clinical Department of The Digestive System Pathology of Adults and Children Federal Research Center“Krasnoyarsk Science Center”of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesScientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the NorthKrasnoyarsk 660022Russia

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death *** leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy *** screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare *** aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic *** concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging *** capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Prevention Risk factors Colonoscopy Fecal immunochemical test Fecal occult blood test Stool DNA test Diet Lynch syndrome

Low Energy Nuclear Synthesis in Earthquake, Volcanic Eruptions, and Genesis of Heavy Elements

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International Journal of Geosciences 2025年第1期16卷 71-98页

作者： alexander Vol Arie Lev Gilat Independent Researcher Rehovot Israel Geological Survey of Israel (Ret.) Independent Researcher Modiin Israel

1989 is the beginning of intensive research into the phenomena of cold nuclear fusion, renamed “The Low Energy Nuclear Synthesis Reactions” (LENR). Based on these results and the long-term research of earthquakes and volcanic activity, the authors of this article put forward a hypothesis about the mainly chemical nature of the energy released at earthquakes and volcanic eruptions with the participation of primordial hydrogen and helium: high mobility of hydrogen and oxidizers provide focusing and accumulation of the latent chemical energy, which is realized suddenly and instantaneously as explosions and initiate the earthquake and/or eruptions. The volcanic eruption is viewed therein as a special type of earthquake whereby the hypocenter rises to the earth’s surface. The authors proposed a new hypothesis that LENRs significant energy to earthquakes and eruptions at the synthesis of elements lighter than iron, thus creating excess energy, which is partially used for the synthesis of heavier elements. The combination of the chemical and nuclear reactions transforms these centers of geophysical activity into giant reactors where the nuclear, chemical, and thermal transformation of mantle materials and the creation of primary deposits of heavy elements such as uranium, thorium, gold, etc. So, all chemical elements heavier than iron are not detected in the solar wind. These elements discovered on our planet could be (and probably were) created on planet Earth and not imported from explosive supernovae or far-off remote stars. To the best of our knowledge, this hypothesis has not been proposed until now.

关键词： Low Energy Nuclear Synthesis Reactions” (LENR) Volcanos Earthquakes Ore-Deposits

Lightning-induced neutrons as a possible source of charged particles in the Earth's inner radiation belt

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第02期 444-451页

作者： QuanQi Shi ChenYao Han Qiu-Gang Zong alexander Degeling Shuo Wang SuiYan Fu PengZhi He Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and Technology Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University WeiHai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University

The Van Allen radiation belts are doughnut-shaped zones surrounding Earth, filled with highly energetic charged particles whose sources or loss mechanisms have been investigated for decades. As for the inner belt, cosmic ray albedo neutron decay(CRAND),radial diffusion, and local acceleration have been considered principal sources of electrons, whereas protons are predominantly from CRAND and solar protons. In this article, lightning-induced neutrons from Earth's upper atmosphere are suggested as a possible source of protons and electrons in the inner radiation belt. These terrestrial neutrons can contribute to the inner belt population by undergoing nuclear decay. Several approaches are proposed and discussed to evaluate the potential contribution of lightning-induced neutrons to the inner belt, including magnitude estimation, Monte Carlo simulations, and in situ observations. This article discusses some avenues of further study to determine the contribution of lightning-induced neutrons to the inner radiation belt.

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Reinforcement Learning in Mechatronic Systems: A Case Study on DC Motor Control

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Circuits and Systems 2025年第1期16卷 1-24页

作者： alexander Nüßgen alexander Lerch René Degen Marcus Irmer Martin de Fries Fabian Richter Cecilia Boström Margot Ruschitzka CAD CAM Center Cologne Institute of Automotive Engineering Cologne (IFK) Faculty of Automotive Systems and Production Cologne University of Applied Science Cologne Germany Division of Electricity Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Heringer Consulting GmbH Cologne Germany

The integration of artificial intelligence into the development and production of mechatronic products offers a substantial opportunity to enhance efficiency, adaptability, and system performance. This paper examines the utilization of reinforcement learning as a control strategy, with a particular focus on its deployment in pivotal stages of the product development lifecycle, specifically between system architecture and system integration and verification. A controller based on reinforcement learning was developed and evaluated in comparison to traditional proportional-integral controllers in dynamic and fault-prone environments. The results illustrate the superior adaptability, stability, and optimization potential of the reinforcement learning approach, particularly in addressing dynamic disturbances and ensuring robust performance. The study illustrates how reinforcement learning can facilitate the transition from conceptual design to implementation by automating optimization processes, enabling interface automation, and enhancing system-level testing. Based on the aforementioned findings, this paper presents future directions for research, which include the integration of domain-specific knowledge into the reinforcement learning process and the validation of this process in real-world environments. The results underscore the potential of artificial intelligence-driven methodologies to revolutionize the design and deployment of intelligent mechatronic systems.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence in Product Development Mechatronic Systems Reinforcement Learning for Control System Integration and Verification Adaptive Optimization Processes Knowledge-Based Engineering