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Impact of doping profiles on the formation of laser-active centers in bismuth-doped GeO_(2)–SiO_(2)glass fibers

Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 260-270页

作者： SERGEY ALYSHEV alexander VAKHRUSHEV ALEKSANDR KHEGAI ELENA FIRSTOVA KONSTANTIN RIUMKIN MIKHAIL MELKUMOV LYUDMILA ISKHAKOVA ANDREY UMNIKOV SERGEI FIRSTOV Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center119333 MoscowRussia Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences 603951 Nizhny NovgorodRussia

Multi-wavelength-band transmission technology based on the exploitation of the extended spectral region is considered as a potential approach to increase the transmission capacity in the deployed fiber-optic communication *** development of optical amplifiers operating in the O-,E-,S-,and U-telecom bands is an extremely important challenge for the successful implementation of this ***-doped fibers are of increasing interest as gain materials,which can be used to provide broadband amplification in the mentioned telecom *** is due to the ability of Bi ions incorporated into glass network to form bismuth active centers(BACs)with specific optical properties,which are primarily determined by the glass *** this work,the impact of the doping profiles of both Ge atoms as glass modifiers and Bi ions on the BACs formation is studied using a series of bismuth-doped fibers fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition(MCVD)*** Bi-to-BACs conversion efficiency in various spatial regions of the studied samples is *** is turned out that for high-Bi concentration regions,the conversion efficiency is very low(less than 10%).In addition,the relationship of the conversion efficiency to the distribution of Bi ions and/or Ge atoms is ***,a continuous-wave laser at 1.46μm with a record slope efficiency of 80%is demonstrated using a Bi-doped fiber with confined doping profile,where the Bi-to-BACs conversion efficiency is 35%.This paper provides new information which might help to facilitate understanding of the features of Bi-doped fibers and their potentially achievable characteristics.

关键词： fiber fibers bismuth

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Pelvic fractures in blunt trauma patients:A comparative study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 418-434页

作者： alexander A Fokin Joanna Wycech Knight Madison E Tharp Kyler C Brinton Phoebe K Gallagher Justin Fengyuan Xie Russell D Weisz Ivan Puente Trauma and Critical Care Services Delray Medical CenterDelray BeachFL 33484United States Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine Department of SurgeryFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Trauma and Critical Care Services Broward Health Medical CenterFort LauderdaleFL 33316United States Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Department of SurgeryFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199United States

BACKGROUND Pelvic fractures(PF)with concomitant injuries are on the rise due to an increase of high-energy *** of the elderly population with age related comorbidities further complicates the *** organ injuries are kindred with PF due to the proximity to pelvic *** of contrast blush(CB)on computed tomography in patients with PF is considered a sign of active bleeding,however,its clinical significance and association with outcomes is *** To analyze polytrauma patients with PF with a focus on the geriatric population,co-injuries and the value of contrast *** This retrospective cohort study included 558 patients with PF admitted to level 1 trauma center(01/2017-01/2023).Analyzed variables included:Age,sex,mechanism of injury(MOI),injury severity score(ISS),Glasgow coma scale(GCS),abbreviated injury scale(AIS),co-injuries,transfusion requirements,pelvic angiography,embolization,laparotomy,orthopedic pelvic surgery,intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay,discharge disposition and *** study compared geriatric and non-geriatric patients,patients with and without CB and abdominal *** score matching was implemented in comparison *** PF comprised 4%of all trauma admissions.89 patients had CB.286(52%)patients had concomitant injuries including 93(17%)patients with abdominal *** patients compared to non-geriatric had more falls as MOI,lower ISS and AIS pelvis,higher GCS,less abdominal co-injuries,similar CB and angio-embolization rates,less orthopedic pelvic surgeries,shorter lengths of stay and higher *** propensity matching,orthopedic pelvic surgery rates remained lower(8%vs 19%,P<0.001),hospital length of stay shorter,and mortality higher(13%vs 4%,P<0.001)in geriatric *** of 89 patients with CB,45(51%)were *** propensity matching,patients with CB compared to without CB had more pelvic angiography(71%vs 12%,P<0.001),hi

关键词： Pelvic fractures Geriatric trauma patients Abdominal co-injuries Contrast blush Contrast extravasation Angioembolization Polytrauma patients Surgical interventions Blunt trauma External and internal fixation for pelvic stabilization

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Evaluation of disease burden and symptom scores in patients with acute atrial fi brillation in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第5期15卷 397-400页

作者： Nikola Schütz Dominik Roth Michael Prinz Filippo Cacioppo Sebastian Schnaubelt alexander O.Spiel Hans Domanovits Harald Herkner Department of Emergency Medicine Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Department of Emergency Medicine Clinic OttakringVienna 1160Austria

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a major public health problem and poses a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.[1-4]The emergency department(ED)serves as the first point of contact with the healthcare system and plays a key role in the management of patients with AF,which accounts for 3%-10%of all hospital admissions.[5]Treatment plans are often discussed and initiated at the ED.

关键词： patients atrial acute

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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 alexander KNIEPS 扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the EAST Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable ***, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping transport neutral beam injection stiffness internal transport barrier

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Diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel diseases in a German population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3465-3478页

作者： Elisabeth Blüthner Annalena Dehe Carsten Büning Britta Siegmund Matthias Prager Jochen Maul alexander Krannich Jan Preiß Bertram Wiedenmann Florian Rieder Raneem Khedraki Frank Tacke Andreas Sturm Anja Schirbel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus CharitéMitteCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gastroenterology Vivantes Klinikum im FriedrichshainBerlin 10249Germany Department of Internal Medicine Krankenhaus WaldfriedeBerlin 14163Germany Department of Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases and RheumatologyCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 12203Germany Praxis für Gastroenterologie Berlin Zehlendorf Berlin 14195Germany Gastroenterologie am Bayrischen Platz Berlin 10825Germany Clinical Trial Office Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gastroenterology Diabetology and HepatologyVivantes Klinikum NeuköllnBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteThe Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Internal Medicine DRK Kliniken Berlin WestendBerlin 14050Germany Gastroenterologie im Havelland Straße der EinheitFalkensee 14612Germany

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is key to prevent bowel damage in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Risk factor analyses linked with delayed diagnosis in European IBD patients are scarce and no data in German IBD patients *** To identify risk factors leading to prolonged diagnostic time in a German IBD *** Between 2012 and 2022,430 IBD patients from four Berlin hospitals were enrolled in a prospective study and asked to complete a 16-item questionnaire to determine features of the path leading to IBD *** diagnostic time was defined as the time from symptom onset to consulting a physician(patient waiting time)and from first consultation to IBD diagnosis(physician diagnostic time).Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for each time *** The total diagnostic time was significantly longer in Crohn’s disease(CD)compared to ulcerative colitis(UC)patients(12.0 vs 4.0 mo;P<0.001),mainly due to increased physician diagnostic time(5.5 vs 1.0 mo;P<0.001).In a multivariate analysis,the predominant symptoms diarrhea(P=0.012)and skin lesions(P=0.028)as well as performed gastroscopy(P=0.042)were associated with longer physician diagnostic time in CD *** UC,fever was correlated(P=0.020)with shorter physician diagnostic time,while fatigue(P=0.011)and positive family history(P=0.046)were correlated with longer physician diagnostic *** We demonstrated that CD patients compared to UC are at risk of long diagnostic *** efforts should focus on shortening the diagnostic delay for a better outcome in these patients.

关键词： Diagnostic time Diagnostic delay Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Germany

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Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 alexander KNIEPS Philipp DREWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion *** the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,*** is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak ***,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate *** the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter *** results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

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Leveraging Robust Artificial Intelligence for Mechatronic Product Development—A Literature Review

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International Journal of Intelligence Science 2024年第1期14卷 1-21页

作者： alexander Nüßgen René Degen Marcus Irmer Fabian Richter Cecilia Boström Margot Ruschitzka CAD CAM Center Cologne Institute of Automotive Engineering Cologne (IFK) Faculty of Automotive Systems and Production Cologne University of Applied Science Cologne Germany Division of Electricity Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Mechatronic Product Development Knowledge Management Data Analysis Optimization Human Experts Decision-Making Processes V-Cycle

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Prevalence of Dental Anomalies among Patients Who Report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital’s Orthodontic Clinic

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 103-117页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Daniel K. Sabbah alexander Oti-Achempong Rahman N. Mamah The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: Dental anomalies are variations from the established well-known general anatomy and morphology of the tooth as a result of disturbances during tooth formation. They can be developmental, congenital, or acquired and may be localized to a single tooth or involve systemic conditions. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in patients who report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) dental clinics. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with a sample size of 92 patients aged 18 or older, obtained through convenience sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: The study included 92 patients aged 18 to 72 years, with 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Dental anomalies were observed in 51.1% of participants, with a higher prevalence in females (55.3%). The most common anomalies were diastema (48.3%), impacted teeth (22.0%), dilaceration (11.9%), and peg-shaped lateral teeth (6.8%). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of conducting thorough dental examinations to identify and address dental anomalies, which may have implications for treatment. Early detection and correction of these anomalies are crucial to prevent future complications.

关键词： Dental Anomalies Prevalence Impacted Teeth Dilaceration

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螺栓连接:设备安全背后的守护者

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流程工业 2024年第9期 38-39页

作者： alexander Stark 《PROCESS》德文版

在工厂设备或装置的建设和安装过程中,细节往往起到了决定性的作用。例如,错误的螺栓连接可能会导致昂贵的停工事件和严重的安全事故。如何确保螺栓的装配和维护是按照标准进行的安全操作?本文提供了这些方式以飨读者。

关键词：螺栓连接工厂设备安全操作安全事故守护者

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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