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Sur.ical Anatomy & Techniques to the Spine

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2006年

作者： Daniel H. Kim alexander r. vaccaro Jeffr.y S. Henn Cur.is A. Dickman

ISBN: (纸本)9781416003137

Wr.tten by thr.e neur.sur.eons and an or.hopedic sur.eon, this compr.hensive r.fer.nce's multidisciplinar. appr.ach makes it r.levant and infor.ative to all sur.eons r.gar.less of their.specialty or.level of sur.ical exper.ence. After.thor.ughly r.viewing the anatomy and appr.aches to the spine, the author. lead you thr.ugh a full r.nge of state-of-the-ar. techniques in spine sur.er., including those pr.cedur.s commonly per.or.ed for.degener.tive disease, tr.uma, scoliosis, tumor. and infection. Abundant full-color.illustr.tions, thr.e-dimensional images and cadaver.dissection photos walk you thr.ugh both simple and complex spinal sur.ical pr.cedur.s. The bonus CD-r.M contains all the images fr.m the book, including some of the most sought-after.anatomic photogr.phs and r.diogr.phic images in neur.sur.er., br.ught together.for.the fir.t time uniquely for.this volume.

关键词： SpineSur.er..

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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骨科教程脊柱外科的新进展

中华骨科杂志 2010年第12期30卷 I0050-I0056页

作者： Keith H. Br.dwell Paul A. Ander.on Scott D. Boden alexander r. vaccaro Jeffr.y C. Wang 许建中(译) 不详西南医院骨科重庆400038

目前，在美国获批的人工颈椎间盘置换器械主要有三种。这些人工椎间盘的运动学设计各不相同（球窝式、球槽式、可活动旋转轴心型），接触面也不同（不锈钢金属对金属，钴铬合金对聚乙烯，钛合金对聚碳酸酯一聚氨酯）。一些规模较大的临... 详细信息

目前，在美国获批的人工颈椎间盘置换器械主要有三种。这些人工椎间盘的运动学设计各不相同（球窝式、球槽式、可活动旋转轴心型），接触面也不同（不锈钢金属对金属，钴铬合金对聚乙烯，钛合金对聚碳酸酯一聚氨酯）。一些规模较大的临床试验正在研究钴铬合金的金属对金属接触面假体。

关键词：脊柱外科骨科教程人工椎间盘金属对金属颈椎间盘置换钴铬合金聚碳酸酯临床试验

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国际脊髓损伤脊柱损伤基础数据集

中国康复理论与实践 2014年第2期20卷 196-200页

作者： Mar.el F. Dvor.k Peter.C.Wing Michael G.Fehlings alexander r. vaccaro Eyal Itshayek Fin Bier.ng-Sor.nsen Vanessa K.Noonan 王一吉(译) 周红俊(译) 李建军(译) 刘根林(译) 郑樱(译) 郝春霞(译) 张缨(译) 卫波(译) 康海琼(译) 逯晓蕾(译) 首都医科大学康复医学院北京市100068 中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院脊髓损伤康复科北京市100068 中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院脊柱外科北京市100068

收集脊柱损伤的信息对于脊髓损伤患者的诊断和治疗非常重要,设立脊髓损伤患者脊柱损伤基础数据集是为了规范脊柱损伤相关信息的收集方式和报告内容,学习并使用国际脊髓损伤脊柱损伤基础数据集,有助于规范和统一我国脊髓损伤患者脊柱损... 详细信息

收集脊柱损伤的信息对于脊髓损伤患者的诊断和治疗非常重要,设立脊髓损伤患者脊柱损伤基础数据集是为了规范脊柱损伤相关信息的收集方式和报告内容,学习并使用国际脊髓损伤脊柱损伤基础数据集,有助于规范和统一我国脊髓损伤患者脊柱损伤信息的收集,为相关治疗提供依据。本文将介绍国际脊髓损伤脊柱损伤基础数据集的研发过程,数据元素的内容以及数据编码的应用实例。

关键词：脊髓损伤康复脊柱损伤国际数据集

Micr.glia:a pr.mising ther.peutic tar.et in spinal cor. injur.

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Kar. Kiening Andr.as Unter.er. alexander Younsi Depar.ment of Neur.sur.er. Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Depar.ment of Neur.anatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Micr.glia ar. pr.sent thr.ughout the centr.l ner.ous system and ar. vital in neur.l r.pair.nutr.tion,phagocytosis,immunological r.gulation,and maintaining neur.nal *** a healthy spinal cor.,micr.glia ar. accountable for.immune sur.eillance,however.when a spinal cor. injur. occur.,the micr.envir.nment dr.stically changes,leading to glial scar. and failed axonal *** this context,micr.glia var. their.gene and pr.tein expr.ssion dur.ng activation,and pr.lifer.tion in r.action to the injur.,influencing injur. r.sponses both favor.bly and unfavor.bly.A dynamic and multifaceted injur. r.sponse is mediated by micr.glia,which inter.ct dir.ctly with neur.ns,astr.cytes,oligodendr.cytes,and neur.l stem/pr.genitor.*** a clear.under.tanding of their.essential natur. and or.gin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of micr.glia in spinal cor. injur. r.quir. extensive *** r.view summar.zes cur.ent studies on micr.glial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their.cr.cial r.les in spinal cor. injur.,and pr.poses micr.glia as a ther.peutic tar.et.

关键词： astr.cytes cytokines functional r.cover. immune r.gulation M1/M2 activation macr.phages micr.glia neur.inflammation spinal cor. injur. ther.py

Tipping points among social lear.er.： Tools fr.m var.ed disciplines

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Cur.ent Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 298-306页

作者： r. alexander BENTLEY Michael J. O＇Br.EN Depar.ment of Ar.haeology and Anthr.pology University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1UU UK Depar.ment of Anthr.pology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

Ther. is a long and r.ch tr.dition in the social sciences of using models of collective behavior.in animals as jump- ing-off points for.the study of human behavior. including collective human behavior. Her., we come at the pr.blem in a slightly differ.nt fashion. We ask whether.models of collective human behavior.have anything to offer.those who study animal behavior. Our.br.ef example of tipping points, a model fir.t developed in the physical sciences and later.used in the social sciences, suggests that the analysis of human collective behavior.does indeed have consider.ble to offer

关键词： Networ.s Social lear.ing Thr.sholds Time ser.es Tipping points

A new per.pective on inter.er.ebr.l disc calcification—fr.m bench to bedside

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Bone r.sear.h 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel J.Novais r.jkishen Nar.yanan Jose A.Canseco Koen van de Weter.ng Chr.stopher.K.Kepler.Alan S.Hilibr.nd alexander r.vaccaro Makar.nd V.r.sbud Depar.ment of Or.hopaedic Sur.er. Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de Saúde do Litor.l Alentejano Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal r.thman Or.hopedic Institute at Thomas Jeffer.on Univer.ity PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Disc degener.tion pr.mar.ly contr.butes to chr.nic low back and neck ***,ther. is an ur.ent need to under.tand the spectr.m of disc degener.tion phenotypes such as fibr.sis,ectopic calcification,her.iation,or.mixed *** these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least *** calcification,by definition,is the pathological miner.lization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculatur.,skin,and ***,disc calcification is associated with poor.sur.ical outcomes and back pain r.fr.ctor. to conser.ative *** is fr.quently seen as a consequence of disc aging and pr.gr.ssive degener.tion but exhibits unique molecular.and mor.hological char.cter.stics:hyper.r.phic chondr.cyte-like cell differ.ntiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upr.gulation;cell death;alter.d Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local *** studies in mouse models have pr.vided a better.under.tanding of the mechanisms under.ying this *** is essential to r.cognize that the pr.sentation and natur. of miner.lization differ.between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and envir.nmental str.ssor.,such as aging or.tr.uma,gover. the pr.disposition to ***,the systemic r.gulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less impor.ant than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differ.ntiation *** ther. is limited under.tanding of this phenotype,under.tanding the molecular.pathways gover.ing local inter.er.ebr.l disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying dr.gs and better.clinical management of degener.tion-r.lated pathologies.

关键词： degener.tion metabolism inter.er.ebr.l

Alkali-ther.al gasification and hydr.gen gener.tion potential of biomass

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Fr.ntier. of Chemical Science and Engineer.ng 2017年第3期11卷 369-378页

作者： alexander B. Koven Shitang S. Tong r.min r. Far.ood Char.es Q. Jia Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng and Applied Chemistr. University of Toronto Ontario M5S-3E5 Canada School of Chemistr. and Chemical Engineer.ng Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China

Gener.ting hydr.gen gas fr.m biomass is one appr.ach to lower.ng dependencies on fossil fuels for.ener.y and chemical feedstock, as well as r.ducing gr.enhouse gas emissions. Using both equilibr.um simulations and batch exper.ments with NaOH as a model alkaline, this study established the technical feasibility of conver.ing var.ous biomasses （e.g., glucose, cellulose, xylan and lignin） into H2-r.ch gas via catalyst-fr.e, alkali-ther.al gasification at moder.te temper.tur.s （as low as 300℃）. This pr.cess could pr.duce mor. H2 with less car.on-containing gases in the pr.duct than other.compar.ble methods. It was shown that alkali-ther.al gasification follows CxHyO2 ＋ 2xNaOH ＋（x-z）H20 = （2x＋y/2-z）H2 ＋xNa2CO3, with car.onate being the solid pr.duct which is differ.nt fr.m the one suggested in the liter.tur.. Mor.over. the concept of hydr.gen gener.- tion potential （H2-GP）-the maximum amount of H2 that a biomass can yield, was intr.duced. For.a given biomass CxHyO2, the H2-GP would be （2x ＋ y/2-z） moles of H2. It was demonstr.ted exper.mentally that the H2-GP was achievable by adjusting the amounts of H20 and NaOH, temper.tur. and pr.ssur.. Keywor.s hydr.gen gener.tion potential, biomass, lignocellulose, alkali-ther.al gasification, sodium hydr.xide

关键词： hydr.gen gener.tion potential biomass lignocellulose alkali-ther.al gasification sodium hydr.xide

Physiological significance of oxidative str.ss and its r.le in adaptation of the human body to deleter.ous factor.

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Fr.ntier. in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 19-27页

作者： Vadim V. Davydov alexander V. Shestopalov Evgenya r. Gr.bovetskaya Chair.of biochemistr. and molecular.biology Pir.gov r.ssian National r.sear.h Medical Univer.ity Moscow 117997 Russia Chair.of biochemistr. V.N. Kar.zin Khar.ov National Univer.ity Ukraine Kharkov 61077 Ukraine

BACKGr.UND： Oxidative str.ss is an extr.mely widespr.ad condition manifested in an incr.ased r.te of fr.e-r.dical pr.cesses and accumulation of r.active oxygen species （r.S） in the tissues. It appear. in differ.nt physiologic states and pathological pr.cesses accompanied by stimulation of the sympathetic adr.nal system or.tissue hypoxia or.under.str.ss. However. until now, ther. is still no clar.ty on the issue of the significance of oxidative str.ss in the development of adaptation pr.cesses in the or.anism. OBJECTIVE： In the pr.sent wor. we will r.view the most r.cent finding about physiologic r.le of oxidative str.ss and its par.icipation in adaptation of an or.anism to effect of differ.nt adver.e factor.. METHODS： A systematic liter.tur. sear.h was per.or.ed using the Pubmed sear.h engine. Studies published over.past 18 year., i.e. between 1998 and 2015 wer. consider.d for.r.view. Followed keywor.s wer. used：＂oxidative str.ss,＂＂fr.e r.dical oxidation,＂＂r.S,＂＂endogenous aldehydes,＂＂adaptation.＂ r.SULTS： The ar.icle cites ar.uments suppor.ing the notion that oxidative str.ss ser.es as a nonspecific link in the adaptation of the human body to the effects of injur.ous factor.. Oxidative str.ss exer.s r.gulator. effects by changing the r.dox state of the cell. Oxidative str.ss affects on var.ous intr.cellular.pr.teins containing cysteine r.sidues, e.g., enzymes, chaper.nes, and tr.nscr.ption factor., etc. For.this r.ason, the use of antioxidants for.the tr.atment and pr.phylaxis of a wide r.nge of diseases is not r.commended. CONCLUSION： Fur.her.investigation is needed in this field. The most attention should be paid to car.ful exper.mental ver.fication aimed at quantitative assessment of the r.S level in tissues under.oxidative str.ss, as well as at the study of possibility of enhancing the catabolism of fr.e r.dical oxidation car.onyl pr.ducts in or.er.to pr.vent tissue damage under.oxidative str.ss.

关键词： oxidative str.ss fr.e r.dical oxidation r.S adaptation endogenous aldehydes

Pine wilt disease: a shor. r.view of wor.dwide r.sear.h

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For.str. Studies in China 2011年第2期13卷 132-138页

作者： alexander Yu. r.SS Oleg A. KULINICH Jack r. SUTHEr.AND Zoological Institute of r.ssian Academy of Sciences Universitetskaya Embankment Centr. of Par.sitology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Victor.a British Columbia V8R 5V9

This ar.icle summar.zes the r.sults of the r.sear.h paper. pr.sented at the Inter.ational Symposium on pine wilt disease （IUFr. Wor.ing Par.y Meeting 4.04.03） held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The gener.l topics cover.d wer. on pine wilt disease （PWD）, its causal or.anism, the pinewood nematode （PWN） Bur.aphelenchus xylophilus, plus other.PWN-associated micr.or.anisms that play a significant r.le in PWD such as bacter.a （e.g. Pseudomonasfluor.scens）. Most of the paper. that ar. r.viewed ar. based on wor. on PWD-PWN in East Asia and r.ssia. Specific topics cover.d include： 1） the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2） pathogenicity, 3） host-par.site r.lationships including the histopathology of diseased conifer. and the r.le of toxins fr.m bacter.a-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4） PWN life cycle and tr.nsmission, 5） B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6） associations （with other.nematodes）, 7） diagnostics, 8） quar.ntine and contr.l of the PWN and 9） biocontr.l of the PWN.

关键词： pine wilt disease pinewood nematodes for.str. contr.l Bur.aphelenchus Pseudomonas Esteya r.view