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Recent advances in the treatment of post-stroke aphasia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第7期9卷 703-706页

作者： Anna Zumbansen alexander Thiel School of Speech Pathology and Audiology Université de MontréalQC Jewish General Hospital McGill University

Aphasia is an impairment of language use following brain damage. There is no consensual definition of aphasia beyond this general description （Code and Petheram, 2011）. In a more restricted defini- tion, however, aphasia is an impairment of linguistic processing at the phonological, morphological, lexical semantic or syntactic level which is usually caused by lesions of the left cerebral hemisphere. This impairment can affect language reception and expression depending on the various aphasic syndromes （McNeil and Pratt, 2001）. Aphasia results in restrictions in those activities of daily living which rely on communication.

关键词： Recent advances in the treatment of post-stroke aphasia

On the Meaning of Impact in Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 822-827页

作者： David E.alexander Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK

This article offers a discussion of the meaning,assessment,and measurement of impact in disaster risk *** begins with a historical perspective on the impact of learned work in times when orthodoxy posed severe limits on the impact of new *** the modern age,the article explains why impact is considered important and how it might be recognized when it occurs,including a tentative classification of types of *** question of whether impact can truly be measured remains pending,as the answer is diffuse and dependent on many different *** sections consider the relationship between impact and mainstreaming and the question of whether a piece of work should be regarded as having impact if its effects are negative rather than ***,impact is considered in terms of whom it *** the large number of possible reservations about the concept,the question is raised as to whether too much emphasis is given to the impact of research and ***,some suggestions are offered regarding how to obtain a better indication of what the impact of an academic study actually is.

关键词： Assessing impact Disaster risk reduction Disruptive thinking Impact of research Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction Measuring impact

A new guide for improving mechanical properties of non-equiatomic FeCoCrMnNi medium-and high-entropy alloys with ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第24期59卷 37-43页

作者： Timothy alexander Listyawan Hyunjong Lee Nokeun Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Yeungnam University280 Daehak-roGyeongsangbuk-do38541Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Incheon21999Republic of Korea Institute of Materials Technology Yeungnam University280 Daehak-roGyeongsanGyeongsangbuk-do38541Republic of Korea

Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment on non-equiatomic medium-and highentropy alloy (HEA) of Fex(CoCrMnNi)100-xis firstly introduced and its impact on microstructure and mechanical properties are *** UNSM,severe plastic deformation-induced dislocation and deformation twins (dts) arise at the topmost ***,Fe60(CoCrMnNi)40(Fe60),which is classified as a medium-entropy alloy (MEA),exhibits ε-martensitic *** the room temperature tensile test,a high strength of ~600 MPa and ductility of ~65%elongation (strain to failure) is accomplished in *** formed dts and ε-martensitic transformation by UNSM treatment plays a key role in retardation of necking point via both twinning-induced plasticity and transformation-induced ***,Fe20(CoCrMnNi)80(Fe20) comparatively shows low strength of ~550 MPa and ~40% elongation,owing to the low accommodation of dts than *** research will provide new guidelines for enhancing the mechanical properties of MEA and HEA.

关键词： High-entropy alloys Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification Deformation twin Microstructures Mechanical properties

Deep Learning Applied to Computational Mechanics:A Comprehensive Review,State of the Art,and the Classics

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第11期137卷 1069-1343页

作者： Loc Vu-Quoc alexander Humer Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA Institute of Technical Mechanics Johannes Kepler UniversityA-4040 Linz

Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix *** recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularly deep learning(DL),applied and relevant to computational mechanics(solid,fluids,finite-element technology)are reviewed in *** hybrid and pure machine learning(ML)methods are *** methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either(1)to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations,(2)to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation(turbulence),or(3)to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration ***,methods(1)and(2)relied on Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architecture,with method(3)relying on convolutional neural *** ML methods to solve(nonlinear)PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network(PINN)methods,which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous *** LSTM and attention architectures,together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks,are extensively *** machines,including Gaussian processes,are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite *** only addressing experts,readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics,but not with DL,whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics,aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of *** and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed,with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics,even in well-known *** and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.

关键词： Deep learning,breakthroughs,network architectures,backpropagation,stochastic optimization methods from classic to modern,recurrent neural networks,long short-term memory,gated recurrent unit,attention,transformer,kernel machines,Gaussian processes,libraries,Physics-Informed Neural Networks,state-of-the-art,history,limitations,challenges Applications to computational mechanics Finite-element matrix integration,improved Gauss quadrature Multiscale geomechanics,fluid-filled porous media Fluid mechanics,turbulence,proper orthogonal decomposition Nonlinear-manifold model-order reduction,autoencoder,hyper-reduction using gappy data control of large deformable beam

Evolution of stress fields during the supercontinent cycle

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第4期13卷 363-375页

作者： alexander Bobrov Alexey Baranov Robert Tenzer Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

We investigate the evolution of stress fields during the supercontinent cycle using the 2D Cartesian geometry model of thermochemical convection with the non-Newtonian rheology in the presence of floating deformable *** the course of the simulation,the supercontinent cycle is implemented several *** number of continents considered in our model as a function of time oscillates around *** lifetime of a supercontinent depends on its *** results suggest that immediately before a supercontinent breakup,the over-lithostatic horizontal stresses in it(referring to the mean value by the computational area)are tensile and can reach-250 *** the same time,a vast area beneath a supercontinent with an upward flow exhibits clearly the over-lithostatic compressive horizontal stresses of 50-100 МРа.The reason for the difference in stresses in the supercontinent and the underlying mantle is a sharp difference in their *** large parts of the mantle,the over-lithostatic horizontal stresses are in the range of±25 MPa,while the horizontal stresses along subduction zones and continental margins are significantly *** the process of continent-to-continent collisions,the compressive stresses can approximately reach 130 MPa,while within the subcontinental mantle,the tensile over-lithostatic stresses are about-50 *** dynamic topography reflects the main features of the su-percontinent cycle and correlates with real *** the breakup and immediately after the disin-tegration of the supercontinent,continents experience maximum *** the supercontinent cycle,topographic heights of continents typically vary within the interval of about±1.5 km,relatively to a mean *** maxima of orogenic formations to about 2-4 km are detected along continent-to-continent collisions as well as when adjacent subduction zones interact with continental margins.

关键词： Supercontinent cycle Floating deformable continents Thermochemical convection Horizontal stresses Dynamic topography

Emergency department management of acute agitation in the reproductive age female and pregnancy

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 83-90页

作者： Ariella Gartenberg Kayla Levine alexander Petrie Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and North Central Bronx HospitalNY 10461USA

BACKGROUND:Agitation is a common presentation within emergent departments(EDs).Agitation during pregnancy should be treated as an obstetric emergency,as the distress may jeopardize both the patient and *** safety of psychotropic medications in the reproductive age female has not been well *** review aimed to explore a summary of general agitation recommendations with an emphasis on ED management of agitation during ***:A literature review was conducted to explore the pathophysiology of acute agitation and devise a preferred treatment plan for ED management of acute agitation in the reproductive age or pregnant ***:While nonpharmacological management is preferred,ED visits for agitation often require medical *** should be selected based on the etiology of agitation and the clinical setting to avoid major adverse *** effects are common in pregnant *** mild to moderate agitation in pregnancy,diphenhydramine is an effective sedating agent with minimal adverse *** moderate to severe agitation,high-potency typical psychotropics are preferred due to their neutral effects on *** has become the most frequently utilized psychotropic for agitation during *** generation psychotropics are often utilized as second-line therapy,including *** and ketamine have demonstrated adverse fetal ***:While randomized control studies cannot be ethically conducted on pregnant patients requiring sedation,animal models and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the effects of psychotropic medication exposure in *** the fetal risk associated with multiple doses of psychotropic medications remains unknown,weighing the risks and benefits of each agent,while utilizing the lowest effective dose remains critical in the treatment of acute agitation within the EDs.

关键词： Agitation Pregnancy Haloperidol Ketamine Benzodiazepines

Analysis of the Quantity and Causes of Outages in LV/MV Electric Grids

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第3期6卷 537-542页

作者： alexander Vinogradov Alina Vinogradova Vadim Bolshev Laboratory of power supply and electrical safety Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIMMoscow109428 Russia

The paper considers the quantity and causes of outages in electric grids of low and medium voltages using the example of an electric grid of a regional power supply *** main types of damage to the equipment of power lines and transformer substations were *** on other areas of rural and urban electric grids are also *** main directions for reducing the quantity of outages in electric grids are proposed based on this *** them,there are the use of isolated wires in power transmission lines,the improvement of design of switching devices,switches and terminals of transformers,the application of technical condition diagnostics,the disaggregating of power lines and the increase of protection sensitivity of power *** of the causes of equipment damage can be prevented by increasing the maintenance level of this equipment.

关键词： Electrical network grid power line power outages power supply reliability PTL transformer

Poroelastic solid flow with double point material point method

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第3期29卷 423-430页

作者： Bruno Zuada Coelho alexander Rohe Kenichi Soga Department of geo-engineering DeltaresDelftrife-Netherlands Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

This paper presents the numerical modelling of one and two-dimensional poroelastic solid flows,using the material point method with double point *** double point formulation offers the convenience of allowing for transitions in the flow conditions of the liquid,between free surface flow and groundwater *** numerical model is validated by comparing the solid flow velocity with the analytical *** influence of the Young＇s modulus on the solid flow velocity is discussed for both one and two-dimensional analysis *** effect of the shape of the two-dimensional solid is *** is shown that the solid stiffness has an effect on the poroelastic flow velocity,due to swelling and bending for the one and two-dimensional cases,*** shape is found to be an important factor on the flow velocity of the poroelastic solid.

关键词： Material point method geocontainers double point formulation large deformations

Fabrication and Characterization of High-Bonding-Strength Al/Ti/Al-Laminated Composites via Cryorolling

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第6期33卷 871-880页

作者： Juan Liu Yuze Wu Lin Wang Hui Wang Charlie Kong alexander Pesin alexander PZhilyaev Hailiang Yu State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Light Alloys Research Institute Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of TokyoMeguroTokyo 1530041Japan Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Laboratory of Mechanics of Gradient Nanomaterials Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical UniversityMagnitogorskRussia 455000

Sandwich-like Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites have many advantages such as low density and high specific strength with value in mechanical manufacturing and aerospace engineering. Here, Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites were fabricated by hot roll bonding and subsequent processes: cryorolling(-190 ℃ and-100 ℃), cold rolling(25 ℃), and hot rolling(300 ℃). Their bonding strength and mechanical properties were then studied by an Autograph AGS-X universal electronic testing machine. The results show that cryorolling can improve the interface bonding strength and tensile strength of Al/Ti/Allaminated composites. For the Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites subjected to cryorolling at-100 ℃, they have the highest strength near 260 MPa—this is 48 MPa and 41 MPa higher than the laminated composites subjected to cold and hot rolling, respectively. These results also show the strongest peeling strength. Finally, the mechanisms of the enhancement of bonding strength and mechanical properties of Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites subjected to cryorolling were mainly discussed.

关键词： Laminated composites Cryorolling Bonding strength Peeling strength Mechanical property Bonding mechanism