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Hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture:What is the current evidence?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第11期9卷 235-244页

作者： Greg AJ Robertson alexander m Wood Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary

This editorial reviews and summarises the current evidence(meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews) relating to the use of hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fractures. Regarding the optimal surgical approach,two recent meta-analyses have found that posterior approaches are associated with: higher rates of dislocation compared to lateral and anterior approaches; and higher rates of re-operation compared to lateral approaches. Posterior approaches should therefore be avoided when performing hip hemi-arthroplasty procedures. Assessing the optimal prosthesis head component,three recent meta-analyses and one Cochrane review have found that while unipolar hemiarthroplasty can be associated with increased rates of acetabular erosion at short-term follow-up(up to 1 year),there is no significant difference between the unipolar hemi-arthroplasty and bipolar hemi-arthroplasty for surgical outcome,complication profile,functional outcome and acetabular erosion rates at longer-term follow-up(2 to 4 years). With bipolar hemi-arthroplasty being the more expensive prosthesis,unipolar hemi-arthroplasty is the recommended option. With regards to the optimal femoral stem insertion technique,three recent metaanalyses and one Cochrane Review have found that,while cemented hip hemi-arthroplasties are associated with a longer operative time compared to uncemented Hip Hemi-arthroplasties,cemented prostheses have lower rates of implant-related complications(particularly peri-prosthetic femoral fracture) and improved postoperative outcome regarding residual thigh pain and mobility. With no significant difference found between the two techniques for medical complications and mortality,cemented hip hemi-arthroplasty would appear to be the superior technique. On the topic of wound closure,one recent meta-analysis has found that,while staples can result in a quicker closure time,there is no significant difference in post-operative infections rates or wound healing outcomes when comparing staples

关键词： Hemi-arthroplasty Prosthesis Stem Head Hip Femoral Neck Fracture Cement

Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第3期8卷 242-255页

作者： Greg A J Robertson alexander m Wood Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh Department of Orthopaedic Leeds General Infirmary

Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting *** 90%of such injuries are located in the lower *** articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to *** planning of this condition is specific to the location of the ***,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by"high"and"low"risk."Low risk"stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise *** include stress fractures of the Posteromedial Tibial Diaphysis,metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus."High risk"stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical *** include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth metatarsal Base,medial malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe *** order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in *** this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to *** this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the *** case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting.

关键词： Fractures Lower Limb Sport management Stress

Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis:a disease with many faces

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第6期15卷 536-545页

作者： alexander K.C.Leung Joseph m.Lam Kin Fon Leong Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#20023316th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Pediatrics University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of Langerhans *** presentations of LCH vary *** sources A Pubmed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key term "Langerhans cell histiocytosis".The search strategy included meta-analyses,randomized controlled trials,clinical trials,observational studies,and *** paper is based on,but not limited to,the search *** Generally,patients with LCH can be divided into two groups based on the extent of involvement at diagnosis,namely,single-system LCH and multisystem *** involvement may be unifocal or *** with isolated bone lesions typically present between 5 and 15 years of age,whereas those with multisystem LCH tend to present before 5 years of *** clinical spectrum is broad,ranging from an asymptomatic isolated skin or bone lesion to a life-threatening multisystem *** manifestations include,among others,"punched out" lytic bone lesion,seborrheic dermatitis-like erup-tion,erythematous/reddish-brown crusted/scaly papules/maculopapules/plaques/patches,and eczematous lesions,diabetes insipidus,hepatosplenomegaly,cytopenias,lymphadenopathy,and an acute fulminant disseminated multisystem condition presenting with fever,skin rash,anemia,thrombocytopenia,lymphadenopathy,and *** diagnosis is clinicopathologic,based on typical clinical findings and histologic/immunohistochemical examination of a biopsy of lesional *** CD1a,S100,and/or CD207(Langerin)immunohistochemical staining of lesional cells is required for a definitive *** waiting is recommended for patients with skin-only *** with symptomatic or refractory skin-only LCH may be treated with topical tacrolimus/corticosteroids,topical nitrogen mustard,oral methotrexate,or oral *** current recommended first-line therapy for patients with multisystem LCH i

关键词： Cytopenia Diabetes insipidus Eczematous lesions Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2017年第1期29卷 86-92页

作者： Lynne m.Ellison Yangao man alexander Stojadinovic Hongwu Xin Itzhak Avital Bon Secours Cancer Institute Bon Secours Health System Richmond VA 23226 USA Laboratory of Oncology the First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City the First Hospital and Clinical Medical School of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434008 China Laboratory of Oncology Center forMolecular Medicine Medical School Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China

Although gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis is associated with poor prognosis and is generally treated with palliative systemic therapy, recent studies have shown that cytoreductive surgery（CRS） and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy（HIPEC） may prove to be an efficacious treatment option. In addition to reviewing the natural history of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis, this mini-review examines literature on the efficacy of CRS and HIPEC as compared to chemotherapy and surgical options. Both randomized and nonrandomized studies were summarized with the emphasis focused on overall survival. In summary, CRS and HIPEC are indeed a promising treatment option for gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis and large randomized clinical trials are warranted.

关键词： Cytoreductive surgery hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy peritoneal carcinomatosis

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and magnetic Properties of Cobalt(Ⅱ) and manganese(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymers Constructed from 5-(Pyridin-4-yl)Isophthalate Ligands

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第4期33卷 626-634页

作者：高竹青李红晋 m.Kirillov alexander 顾金忠 School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Centro de Química Estrutural Complexo I Instituto Superior TécnicoThe University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais1049-001 Lisbon Portugal College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University

Two coordination polymers, namely {[Co（L）（H2O）]·H2O}n （1） and [mn（L）（phen）]n （2, H2L = 5-（pyridin-4-yl）isophthalic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）, have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, magnetic properties, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pī with α = 7.2188（7）, b = 10.0835（8）, c = 10.2069（7）？, α = 113.713（7）, β = 99.490（7）, γ = 104.516（8）o, V = 628.24（9）？3, C13H11NCoO6, mr = 336.16, Z = 2, Dc = 1.777 mg/m3, μ（moKα） = 1.395 mm–1, F（000） = 342, S = 1.041, the final R = 0.0381 and wR = 0.0819 for 3744 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0448 and wR = 0.0874 for all data. 2 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2/c with α = 12.9185（3）, b = 10.4343（2）, c = 31.7650（6）？, β = 101.282（2）o, V = 4199.08（13）？3, C50H30N6mn2O8, mr = 952.68, Z = 4, Dc = 1.507 mg/m3, μ（moKα） = 5.447 mm–1, F（000） = 1944, S = 1.128, the final R = 0.1003 and wR = 0.1052 for 8247 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I）） and R = 0.2595 and wR = 0.2625 for all data. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that compound 1 features a 2D sheet structure based on a dicobalt（II） subunit, which is further extended into a 3D metal-organic supramolecular framework by O–H… hydrogen bond. Compound 2 also possesses a 2D sheet, which is held together into a 3D supramolecular architecture via C–H… hydrogen bond and π-π stacking interactions. magnetic studies for compound 2 show antiferromagnetic coupling between the adjacent metal centers, with J = –11.8 cm–1 and g = 2.12 for 2.

关键词： coordination polymer crystal structrue magnetic properties

Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 170-175页

作者： Xingjie Ni Satoshi Ishii alexander V Kildishev Vladimir m Shalaev School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

We experimentally demonstrate the focusing of visible light with ultra-thin,planar metasurfaces made of concentrically perforated,30-nm-thick gold *** perforated nano-voids—Babinet-inverted(complementary)nano-antennas—create discrete phase shifts and form a desired wavefront of cross-polarized,scattered *** signal-to-noise ratio in our complementary nano-antenna design is at least one order of magnitude higher than in previous metallic nano-antenna *** first study our proof-of-concept‘metalens’with extremely strong focusing ability:focusing at a distance of only 2.5 mm is achieved experimentally with a 4-mm-diameter lens for light at a wavelength of 676 *** then extend our work with one of these‘metalenses’and achieve a wavelength-controllable focal *** characterization of the lens confirms that switching the incident wavelength from 676 to 476 nm changes the focal length from 7 to 10 mm,which opens up new opportunities for tuning and spatially separating light at different wavelengths within small,micrometer-scale *** the proposed designs can be embedded on-chip or at the end of an optical *** designs also all work for two orthogonal,linear polarizations of incident light.

关键词： metalens nano-antennas plasmonics wavefront shaping

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and degradation products in topsoil from Australia and the United Kingdom

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 37-41页

作者： Jennifer Desborough Timothy Evans Jochen müller stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology(Entox) The University of Queensland39 Kessels RoadBrisbaneQueensland 4108Australia

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)is listed under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants,yet very few data are available on HBCDD concentrations in *** concentrations of total hexabromocyclododecanes(SHBCDDs)from soils from the UK(n=24)were 0.73 ng g^-1 dry weight(rangemedian=0.10 ng g^-1,rangemined in 19 UK samples and found to be statistically indistinguishable(p>0.05)from those of HBCDDs;thereby underlining the extent to which HBCDDs have migrated into the UK ***,PCB concentrations in this study are not markedly lower than those recorded in UK soils sampled in the mid-1980s indicating that the initial rapid decline in UK contamination with PCBs following bans on their manufacture and use,has not been *** products of HBCDD:pentabromocyclododecenes(PBCDs)and tetrabromocyclododecadienes(TBCDs)were detected in some UK soil samples with semi-quantitative concentrations ranging between 0.01 and 7.3 ng g^-1 for SPBCDs and 0.01e1.3 ng g^-1 for *** Australian soils only STBCDs were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.0023 to 0.45 ng g^-*** signatures of HBCDDs were racemic or non-racemic in all samples indicating minimal edaphic enantioselective degradation.A horizontal transect at the most contaminated UK location(a suburban garden)revealed a marked decrease in concentrations of HBCDDs with increasing distance from buildings.

关键词： Soil BFRs POPs Chiral signatures Enantiomer fractions

In Vivo Phosphorylation Site mapping and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phototropin 1

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molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 178-194页

作者： stuart Sullivan Catriona E. Thomson Douglas J. Lamont matthew A. Jones John m. Christie Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow. University Avenue. Glasgow Scotland UK FingerPrints Proteomics Facility Post-Genomics and Molecular Interactions Centre. School of Life Sciences MSI/WTB/CIR Complex University of Dundee. Dundee Scotland UK

Phototropins （phot1 and phot2） are blue-light receptor kinases controlling a range of responses that optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Light sensing is mediated by two flavin-binding motifs, known as LOVl and LOV2, located within the N-terminal region of the protein. Photoexcitation via LOV2 leads to activation of the C-terminal kinase domain and consequently receptor autophosphorylation. However, knowledge of the in-vivo phosphorylation sites for Arabidopsis phototropins is lacking and has impeded progress in elucidating the functional significance of receptor phos- phorylation. We have purified photl from Arabidopsis and identified the in-vivo sites of receptor phosphorylation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Arabidopsis-derived photl binds flavin mononucleotide as chromophore and is phosphorylated at four major sites located upstream of LOV2 （Ser^58, Ser^85, Ser^350, and Ser^410）, three of which are induced by blue light. Nevertheless, structure-function analysis indicates that the biological activity of photl can be attributed to a modular unit comprising the LOV2-kinase region of the protein. Thus, peptide regions upstream of LOV2, including the sites of receptor phosphorylation identified here, do not appear to be important for receptor signaling. By contrast, these regions may be necessary for maximizing stomatal performance and possibly light-induced relocalization of photl.

关键词： mODULAR UNIT Phototropins chromophores Phosphorylation Site Function analysis Upstream photosynthetic efficiency Arabidopsis PHOSPHONATION Receptor Signaling Flavin mononucleotide Receptor

FOOD PRODUCTION ON A LIVING WALL:PILOT STUDY

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Journal of Green Building 2017年第3期12卷 23-38页

作者： Lara Nagle stuart Echols Ken Tamminga Department of Landscape Architecture The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802

Living walls and other vertical green infrastructure on building surfaces provide regulating,supporting,and cultural ecosystem services in the built *** walls can also generate food as a provisioning ecosystem *** article discusses a pilot study monitoring the productivity of a 7.5 m^(2) outdoor living wall system planted with produce crops during the 2015 summer growing season in State College,Pennsylvania,***,water usage,and soil moisture data were also collected to assess context and performance of the living wall system during the growing season.

关键词： living walls green walls urban agriculture ecosystem services Green Infrastructure(GI)