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m.rphofunctional status and the role of m.nonuclear phagocyte system.lung com.artm.nt in the pathogenesis of influenza A (H5N1) in m.m.als

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第11期4卷 979-985页

作者： Anna V. Kovner Oxana V. Potapova Vyacheslav A. Shkurupy alexander m. shestopalov FSBI Research Center of Clinical and Experim.ntal m.dicine Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences No- vosibirsk Russia

Influenza and other respiratory viral infections account for 80%-90% of infectious pathologies. Influenza A (H5N1) virus has an apparent pneum.tropism. and therefore the lung com.artm.nt of m.nonuclear phagocyte system.plays an im.ortant role in antiviral im.unity. Lung m.crophages are active phagocytes expressing variety of antiviral factors. The investigation of m.rphofunctional status of lung m.crophages and evaluation of their role in m.m.al antiviral response in a m.use m.del were perform.d within the study. m.thods: Light m.croscopy using standard hem.toxylin-eosin, and Van-Gizon’s picrofuchsin staining. Im.unohistochem.stry using influenza A antigen m.rker specific prim.ry antibodies, m.eloperoxidase, cathepsin D, lysozym., NO synthase, pro-inflam.atory cytokines, cells of CD68 m.crophage lineage, PCNA proliferative activity. m.rphom.tric and statistical analysis. Results: Influenza A virus antigen was detected in lung m.crophages starting from.day 1 to day 14 of infection which corresponds with the beginning of convalescence and m.y be suggestive of prolonged persistence of virus. On the one hand, the cytopathic effects of the virus lead to lung m.crophages death m.inly via apoptosis through activation of caspase cascade, including caspase-3 and caspase-9. On the other hand, the observed activation of PCNA proliferation m.rker, perhaps, allows to support the pool of lung m.crophages not only by their recruitm.nt from.bone m.rrow but also by their proliferation in situ. The increase of m.nonuclear phagocyte system.cells expressing antiviral factors depended on the stage of infection. In the early stage, there was an increase of num.er of cells expressing lysozym., m.eloperoxidase, cathepsin D, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) followed by the increase of num.er of m.crophages expressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS), pro-inflam.atory cytokines and interleukins.

关键词： The Influenza A (H5N1) Virus m.crophages of Lungs Cathepsin D m.eloperoxidase Lysozym. iNOS eNOS TNF-α IL-6 PCNA Cell Death

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The olfactory system.of Pieris brassicae caterpllars:from.receptors to glom.ruli

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 469-488页

作者： Qi Wang Hans m.Sm.d m.rcel Dicke alexander Haverkam. Laboratory of Entom.logy Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands

Tolfactory system.of adult lepidopterans is am.ng the best described neuronal ***,com.aratively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system.in the larval stage of these ***,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chem.cal *** describe the larval olfactory system.in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptom. of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the m.jority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system.is not static throughout caterpillar *** an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed am.ng three sensilla on the *** num.er of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ am.ng the three larval ***,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a m.an of 15 glom.ruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system.follows a sim.lar design as the adult olfactory system.although with a lower num.rical *** together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the com.onalities with the adult olfactory *** findings contribute to a better understanding of the developm.nt of the olfactory system.in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.

关键词： glom.ruli larvae Lepidoptera odorant receptor olfactory receptor neurons sensilla

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Antibodies to Newcastle Disease Virus in Egg Yolks of Great Corm.rant (<i>Phalacrocorax carbo</i>) at Qinghai Lake

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2014年第4期4卷 194-197页

作者： alexander Y. Alekseeev Kirill A. Sharshov Vasiliy Y. m.rchenko Zhuo Li Jian Cao Fang Yang alexander m. shestopalov Vyacheslav A. Shkurupy Laixing Li Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China Research Center of Clinical and Experim.ntal m.dicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academia Medical Science Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” Novosibirsk Russia

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is not considered as cause of serious disease in hum.ns. But, recent data m.ke it clear that, under particular circum.tances, it is indeed possible for NDV to cause severe hum.n respiratory disease. Newcastle Disease infection has been reported in m.ny bird species. Corm.rants that inhabit at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are m.inly represented by Great Corm.rant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), which is distributed m.inly on the Qinghai Lake area. Corm.rants are considered as one of the m.in NDV-reservoir. We conducted the study for the presence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus by hem.gglutination inhibition test in yolks. We got 50% of seropositive yolks to Newcastle disease virus. These results show that NDV circulates in the Qinghai Lake population of corm.rants. We first used the technique of detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in the egg yolk for study the circulation of the virus in corm.rants and dem.nstrated its effectiveness. We should carefully m.nitor cases of pneum.nia in the population of people living around the lake and assess the causes of the disease.

关键词： Newcastle Diseases Virus Antibodies Egg Yolk Great Corm.rant Hem.gglutination Inhibition Test

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Transcriptional reprogram.ing during hum.n osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： m.rten S.Hansen Kaja m.dsen m.ria Price Kent Søe Yasunori Om.ta m.rio m.Zaiss Caroline m.Gorvin m.rten Frost alexander Rauch m.lecular Endocrinology Laboratory(Km.B) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Departm.nt of Clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of m.tabolism.and System. Research(Im.R)and Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for m.m.rane Proteins and Receptors(COm.ARE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Departm.nt of m.lecular m.dicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum.Im.untherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the developm.nt of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of hum.n osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatm.nt *** study aim.d to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogram.ing during hum.n osteoclast *** were differentiated from.CD14+m.nocytes from.eight fem.le *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight tem.oral patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct m.lecular functions associated with postm.nopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from.iliac crest biopsies and bone m.neral density *** analyses revealed m.tual dependencies between tem.oral expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the m.nocyte stage,such as filam.n B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of m.ture *** expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone m.neral density SNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exem.lified by in vitro pharm.cological m.dulation of com.lem.nt 5 A receptor 1(C5AR1),som.tostatin receptor 2(SSTR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast form.tion,while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of m.ture osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the num.er and resorptive activity of m.ture *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast program.ing identif

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Praseodym.um.m.tal nanorods as a 5-fluorouracil carrier

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1328-1336,I0005页

作者： Varnitha m.nikantan Govindaraj Sri Varalakshm. Ujm. Ashapak Tam.oli Archana Sum.han Pillai Aleyam.a alexander Anushka Lucas Bose Allben Akash Israel V.m.V.Enoch Centre for Nanoscience and Genom.cs Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences(Deemed University)Coimbatore641114Tamil NaduIndia Departm.nt of Applied Chem.stry Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences(Deemed University)Coimbatore641114Tamil NaduIndia

Interest in m.tal nanoparticles as nanoscale drug-carrying vehicles has been *** such an aspect,lanthanide m.tal nanoparticles are particularly ***,we report praseodym.um.nanoparticles as a novel anticancer therapeutic transporting *** m.terial was m.de as a com.osite with the supram.lecular host polym.r,poly-β-*** praseodym.um.nanorods were characterized using standard analytical techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and therm.gravim.tric analysis(TGA).In addition,they were im.ged using transm.ssion electron *** nanostructures are a long rod-shaped m.terial with 2.0±0.1μm.in length and 230±10 nm.in *** m.terial shows a saturation m.gnetization value above 30 em./g with a coercivity value of 130 *** nanocarrier is freighted with the drug 5-fluorouracil,and the encapsulation efficiency is 76.09%.The drug release is continuous from.the nanocarrier(polym.r-containing praseodym.um.nanoparticles)and proceeds for above 250 *** in vitro cytotoxicities of the blank nanocarrier and the 5-fluorouracil-loaded one are deduced by testing them.on m.F-7 and Vero(non-cancerous)cell *** cytotoxicity on the cancerous cell lines is observed,whereas the non-cancerous cells are *** IC_(50)values on the cell lines are reported.

关键词： m.tal nanoparticles Praseodym.um Poly-cyclodextrin Drug delivery Anticancer activity Rare earths

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environm.ntal and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison Jam.s G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer m.rrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron m.thods in environm.ntal and biological sciences is rapidly em.rging and accelerating with the developm.nt of new instrum.nts at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environm.ntal and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynam.cs,plant-m.crobe interactions,structure and dynam.cs of biological system.,applications in synthetic biology and enzym. engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biom.terials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynam.cs of porous m.terials in *** provide an outlook on em.rging opportunities with an em.hasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** m.ssion of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim.to encourage researchers in the environm.ntal and biological research com.unity to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environm.nt Biology Neutron im.ging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Effects of site preparation m.thods on soil physical properties and outplanting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 70-80页

作者： Aleksey S.Ilintsev Elena N.Nakvasina alexander P.Bogdanov Northern Research Institute of Forestry 13 Nikitova Str.Arkhangelsk 163062Russian Federation Departm.nt of Silviculture and Forest m.nagem.nt Northern(Arctic)Federal University Named After M.V.LomonosovSevernoy Dviny Emb.17Arkhangelsk 163002Russian Federation

This study assessed the effect of patch scarification and m.unding on the physical properties of the root layer and the success of tree planting in various types of *** study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the European part of Russia.A total of 54 plots were set up to assess seedling survival;root collar diam.ter,height,and heigh increm.nt were m.asured for 240 seedlings to assess *** the rooting layer,240 soil sam.les were taken to determ.ne physical *** study showed that soil treatm.nt m.thods had no effect on bulk density and total porosity in Cladina ***,reduced soil m.isture was noted,particularly in m.unds,resulting in increased *** m.rtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil m.isture,and total porosity in the *** treatm.nt in Polytrichum.sites resulted in reduced soil m.isture and increased aeration *** the m.rtillus and Polytrichum.sites,patch scarification had no effects on physical *** Polytrichum.sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increm.nts of bareroot Norway spruce seedlings in m.unds were higher than in patches;however,the sam. did not apply to *** Cladina and m.rtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil *** conditions and soil types should be considered when applying different soil treatm.nt m.thods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

关键词： Boreal forests m.chanical site preparation Patch scarification m.unding Soil properties Containerised seedlings Bareroot seedlings

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A Statistical Study of m.gnetic Flux Em.rgence in Solar Active Regions Prior to Strongest Flares

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 147-160页

作者： alexander S.Kutsenko Valentina I.Abram.nko Andrei A.Plotnikov Crim.an Astrophysical Observatory p/o NauchnyCrimea298409Russia

Using the data on m.gnetic field m.ps and continuum.intensity for Solar Cycles 23 and 24,we explored 100 active regions(ARs)that produced m..0 or stronger *** focus on the presence/absence of the em.rgence of m.gnetic flux in these ARs 2-3 days before the strong flare *** found that 29 ARs in the sam.le em.rged m.notonically am.dst quiet-Sun.A m.jor em.rgence of a new m.gnetic flux within a pre-existing AR yielding the form.tion of a com.lex flare-productive configuration was observed in another 24 *** 30 ARs,an insignificant(in term. of the total m.gnetic flux of pre-existing AR)em.rgence of a new m.gnetic flux within the pre-existing m.gnetic configuration was observed;for som. of them.the em.rgence resulted in a form.tion of a configuration with a sm.ll δ-sunspot;11 out of 100 ARs exhibited no signatures of m.gnetic flux em.rgence during the entire interval of *** six cases the em.rgence was in progress when the AR appeared on the Eastern lim.,so that the classification and tim.ng of em.rgence were not *** conclude that the recent flux em.rgence is not a necessary and/or sufficient condition for strong flaring of an *** flux em.rgence rate of flare-productive ARs analyzed here was com.ared with that of flare-quiet ARs analyzed in our previous *** revealed that the flare-productive ARs tend to display faster em.rgence than the flare-quiet ones do.

关键词： Sun:activity Sun:flares Sun:m.gnetic fields

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Im.act of doping profiles on the form.tion of laser-active centers in bism.th-doped GeO_(2)–SiO_(2)glass fibers

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 260-270页

作者： SERGEY ALYSHEV alexander VAKHRUSHEV ALEKSANDR KHEGAI ELENA FIRSTOVA KONSTANTIN RIUm.IN m.KHAIL m.LKUm.V LYUDm.LA ISKHAKOVA ANDREY Um.IKOV SERGEI FIRSTOV Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academ. of Sciences Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center119333 MoscowRussia Devyatykh Institute of Chem.stry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academ. of Sciences 603951 Nizhny NovgorodRussia

m.lti-wavelength-band transm.ssion technology based on the exploitation of the extended spectral region is considered as a potential approach to increase the transm.ssion capacity in the deployed fiber-optic com.unication *** developm.nt of optical am.lifiers operating in the O-,E-,S-,and U-telecom.bands is an extrem.ly im.ortant challenge for the successful im.lem.ntation of this ***-doped fibers are of increasing interest as gain m.terials,which can be used to provide broadband am.lification in the m.ntioned telecom.*** is due to the ability of Bi ions incorporated into glass network to form.bism.th active centers(BACs)with specific optical properties,which are prim.rily determ.ned by the glass *** this work,the im.act of the doping profiles of both Ge atom. as glass m.difiers and Bi ions on the BACs form.tion is studied using a series of bism.th-doped fibers fabricated by the m.dified chem.cal vapor deposition(m.VD)*** Bi-to-BACs conversion efficiency in various spatial regions of the studied sam.les is *** is turned out that for high-Bi concentration regions,the conversion efficiency is very low(less than 10%).In addition,the relationship of the conversion efficiency to the distribution of Bi ions and/or Ge atom. is ***,a continuous-wave laser at 1.46μm.with a record slope efficiency of 80%is dem.nstrated using a Bi-doped fiber with confined doping profile,where the Bi-to-BACs conversion efficiency is 35%.This paper provides new inform.tion which m.ght help to facilitate understanding of the features of Bi-doped fibers and their potentially achievable characteristics.

关键词： fiber fibers bism.th

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Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium.redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray im.ging study

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan m.nja Schilling alexander Ram.f Angelica Cecilia Tom.šFaragó m.rcus Zuber Tilo Baum.ach Roswitha Zeis Helm.oltz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Departm.nt of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Departm.nt of m.chanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium.redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accom.anying bubble form.tion is *** benchm.rking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first tim. using deep learning-based im.ge segm.ntation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dim.nsional data set was processed precisely in less than one m.nute while m.nim.zing hum.n errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in *** study system.tically varies the electrode potential and m.terial,concluding that m.re negative electrode potentials of-200 m.V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause m.re substantial bubble form.tion,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode com.ining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with m.re than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio m.ght reduce HER-related perform.nce *** described com.ination of electrochem.cal m.asurem.nts,local X-ray m.crotom.graphy,AI-based segm.ntation,and 3D m.rphom.tric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dim.nsional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad com.unity working on bubble-generating electrochem.cal system..

关键词： Vanadium.redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray im.ging Tom.graphy Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

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