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Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate:A study with relevance to inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第20期13卷 2826-2832页

作者： Sofia Tedelind Fredrik Westberg Martin Kjerrulf alexander Vidal Department of Molecular Pharmacology AstraZeneca R&DMlndalSweden

AIM： To compare the anti-inflammatory properties of butyrate with two other SCFAs, namely acetate and propionate, which have less well-documented effects on inflammation. METHODS： The effect of SCFAs on cytokine release from human neutrophils was studied with EHSA. SCFA- dependent modulation of NF-κB reporter activity was assessed in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, Colo320DM. Finally, the effect of SCFAs on gene expression and cytokine release, measured with RT-PCR and ElISA, respectively, was studied in mouse colon organ cultures established from colitic mice. RESUlTS： Acetate, propionate and butyrate at 30 mmol/l decreased lPS-stimulated TNFα release from neutrophils, without affecting Il-8 protein release. All SCFAs dose dependently inhibited NF-κB reporter activity in Colo320DM cells. Propionate dose-dependently suppressed Il-6 mRNA and protein release from colon organ cultures and comparative studies revealed that propionate and butyrate at 30 mmol/l caused a strong inhibition of immune-related gene expression, whereas acetate was less effective. A similar inhibition was achieved with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. All SCFAs decreased Il-6 protein release from organ cultures. CONClUSION： In the present study propionate and butyrate were equipotent, whereas acetate was less effective, at suppressing NF-κB reporter activity, immune-related gene expression and cytokine release in vitro. Our findings suggest that propionate and acetate, in addition to butyrate, could be useful in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including IBD.

关键词： Neutrophils Epithelial cells Colitis Infla- mmation Short-chain fatty acids Acetate Propionate Butyrate NF-KB Cytokines

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SNARE-RNAi Results in Higher Terpene Emission from Ectopically Expressed Caryophyllene Synthase in Nicotiana benthamiana

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 454-466页

作者： Hieng-Ming Ting Thierry l. Delatte Pim Kolkman Johana C. Misas-Villamil Renier A.l. van der Hoom Harro J. Bouwmeester alexander R. van der Krol laboratory of Plant Physiology Wageningen University PO Box 658 6700 AR Wageningen The Netherlands plant Chemetics laboratory Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linne Weg 10 50829 Cologne Germany Plant Chemetics laboratory Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK

Plants produce numerous terpenes and much effort has been dedicated to the identification and charac- terization of the terpene biosynthetic genes. However, little is known about how terpenes are transported within the cell and from the cell into the apoplast. To investigate a putative role of vesicle fusion in this pro- cess, we used Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient coexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana of an MtVAMP721e-RNAi construct （Vi） with either a caryophyllene synthase or a linalool synthase, respec- tively. Headspace analysis of the leaves showed that caryophyllene or linalool emission increased about five-fold when N. benthamiana VAMP72 function was blocked. RNA sequencing and protein ubiquitination analysis of the agroinflltrated N. benthamiana leaf extracts suggested that increased terpene emissions may be attributed to proteasome malfunction based on three observations： leaves with TPS＋Vi showed （1） a higher level of a DsRed marker protein, （2） a higher level of ubiquitinated proteins, and （3） coordinated induced expression of multiple proteasome genes, presumably caused by the lack of proteasome- mediated feedback regulation. However, caryophyllene or linalool did not inhibit proteasome-related pro- tease activity in the in vitro assays. While the results are not conclusive for a role of vesicle fusion in terpene transport, they do show a strong interaction between inhibition of vesicle fusion and ectopic expression of certain terpenes. The results have potential applications in metabolic engineering.

关键词： terpene transport vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP72) caryophyllene synthase linaloolsynthase proteasome Nicotiana benthamiana

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Effect of elastic domains on electromechanical response of epitaxial ferroelectric films with a three-domain architecture

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Jun OUYANG Wei ZHANG SPamir AlPAY alexander lROYTBURD Key laboratory for liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Engineering Ceramics LaboratorySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061ShandongChina Materials Science and Engineering Program and Institute of Materials Science University of ConnecticutStorrs 06269ConnecticutUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park 20742MarylandUSA

Thermodynamics of(001)epitaxial ferroelectric films completely relaxed due to the formation of elastic domains with a three-domain architecture is *** polydomain structure and electromechanical response of such films are analyzed for two cases corresponding to immobile and mobile elastic domain *** is shown that immobile elastic domains provide additional constraint which increases the mechanical and electrical clamping,thereby significantly reducing the piezoelectric and dielectric *** the other hand,a polydomain ferroelectric film adapts to the variations in the applied electric field by reversible domain wall displacements in the case of mobile domain *** comparison of the theory with experiments shows that the elastic domain walls are mobile in the fully relaxed films of~1μm *** addition,if the substrate constraint is reduced via decreasing lateral size of a polydomain ferroelectric film,its piezoresponse will increase dramatically,as is experimentally verified on small islands of polydomain ferroelectric *** general conclusions can be readily applied to other constrained polydomain films.

关键词： ferroelectrics domains epitaxial films domain wall thermodynamics electromechanical properties

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Drivers of tree regeneration in coniferous monocultures during conversion to mixed forests in Central Europe – Implications for forest restoration management

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第6期11卷 910-920页

作者： alexander Seliger Christian Ammer Dominik Seidel Stefan Zerbe Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Faculty of AgriculturalEnvironmental and Food SciencesBolzanoItaly University of Gottingen Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate ZonesFaculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyGottingenGermany University of Applied Sciences and Arts Faculty of Resource ManagementGottingenGermany University of Gottingen Department of Spatial Structures and Digitization of ForestsFaculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyGottingenGermany University of Gottingen Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use(CBL)GottingenGermany University of Hildesheim Institute of GeographyHildesheimGermany

In Central Europe,anthropogenic coniferous monocultures have been subject to conversion to more diverse mixed forests since the 1990s,however,they are still abundant across many forest *** and natural tree regeneration both play a key role during conversion by determining the species composition and structure of the future *** abiotic and biotic factors can potentially influence the regeneration process and its specific combinations or interactions may be different among tree species and its developmental ***,we aimed to identify and quantify the effect of the most important drivers on the density of the most abundant regenerating tree species(i.e.,Norway spruce and European beech),as well as on species and structural diversity of the tree *** studied tree regeneration in four former monospecific coniferous stand types(i.e.,Norway spruce,Scots pine,European larch,and Douglas fir)in Southwest Germany that have been under conversion to mixed forests since the *** sampled tree regeneration in four growth height classes together with a variety of potentially influencing factors on 108 sampling plots and applied multivariate *** identified light availability in the understorey,stand structural attributes,browsing pressure,and diaspore source abundance as the most important factors for the density and diversity of tree ***,we revealed speciesspecific differences in drivers of regeneration *** spruce profited from increasing light availability and decreasing stand basal area,beech benefited either from a minor reduction or more strikingly from an increase in overstorey *** diaspore source abundance positively and a high browsing pressure negatively affected both species *** results suggest that humus and topsoil properties were modified during conversion,probably due to changes in tree species composition and silvicultural *** species and structural

关键词： Forest restoration Norway spruce(Picea abies(l.)Karst) European beech(Fagus sylvatica l.) Tree establishment and growth Tree regeneration density Tree species and structural diversity Boruta analysis Generalized additive models(GAMs)

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利用水系流域偏转研究走滑断层的运动模式--以南汀河断裂带为例

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地震地质 2018年第4期40卷 773-783页

作者：石峰何宏林 alexander l Densmore 魏占玉孙浩越中国地震局地质研究所活动构造与火山重点实验室北京100029 英国杜伦大学地理系英国杜伦DLI3LE

构造地貌能够记录构造运动的长期积累,并能通过相关参数定量表达。水系是对构造作用反映最敏感的地貌之一,长期以来许多研究者利用水系来反映和研究构造。但是过去的研究大都集中在垂直运动的构造作用区域上,尤其是正断层区域上,而对走... 详细信息

构造地貌能够记录构造运动的长期积累,并能通过相关参数定量表达。水系是对构造作用反映最敏感的地貌之一,长期以来许多研究者利用水系来反映和研究构造。但是过去的研究大都集中在垂直运动的构造作用区域上,尤其是正断层区域上,而对走滑作用区域的研究非常少。文中以南汀河断裂带为研究区域,利用高精度DEM数据提取水系。通过研究断层附近水系流域的偏转来研究南汀河断裂带的运动模式。通过分析流水地貌对断层活动的响应特征,对断裂带的空间展布和活动性进行了分析,为探讨活动断层与地貌响应之间的关系提供良好范例。

关键词：水系偏转角构造地貌南汀河断裂带

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Interactions of sex and early life social experiences at two developmental stages shape nonapeptide receptor profiles

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 745-760页

作者： lisa C.HIURA alexander G.OPHIR Department of Psychology Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Early life social experiences are critical to behavioral and cognitive development,and can have a tremendous influence on developing social *** work has focused on outcomes of experiences at a single stage of development(*** or post-weaning).Few studies have assessed the impact of social experience at multiple developmental stages and across *** and vasopressin are profoundly important for modulating social behavior and these nonapeptide systems are highly sensitive to developmental social experience,particularly in brain areas important for social *** investigated whether oxytocin receptor(OTR)and vasopressin receptor(V1aR)distributions of prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)change as a function of parental composition within the natal nest or social composition after *** raised pups either in the presence or absence of their *** weaning,offspring were housed either individually or with a same-sex *** also examined whether changes in receptor distributions are sexually dimorphic because the impact of the developmental environment on the nonapeptide system could be *** found that differences in nonapeptide receptor expression were region-specific,sex-specific and rearing condition-specific,indicating a high level of complexity in the ways that early life experiences shape the social *** found many more differences in V1aR density compared to OTR density,indicating that nonapeptide receptors demonstrate differential levels of neural plasticity and sensitivity to environmental and biological *** data highlight that critical factors including biological sex and multiple experiences across the developmental continuum interact in complex ways to shape the social brain.

关键词： development of social behavior oxytocin and vasopressin receptors parental and paternal care sex differences social isolation and housing

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Microfluidic pumping using artificial magnetic cilia

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 300-308页

作者： Srinivas Hanasoge Peter J.Hesketh alexander Alexeev George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

One of the vital functions of naturally occurring cilia is fluid *** cilia use spatially asymmetric strokes to generate a net fluid flow that can be utilized for feeding,swimming,and other *** synthetic cilia with similar asymmetric beating can be useful for fluid manipulations in lab-on-chip *** this paper,we demonstrate the microfluidic pumping by magnetically actuated synthetic cilia arranged in multi-row *** use a microchannel loop to visualize flow created by the ciliary array and to examine pumping for a range of cilia and microchannel *** show that magnetic cilia can achieve flow rates of up to 11μl/min with the pressure drop of~1 *** magnetic ciliary array can be useful in microfluidic applications requiring rapid and controlled fluid transport.

关键词： pumping fluid magnetic

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二维分形参数与构造活动关系研究--以滇西南块体为例

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地震地质 2016年第4期38卷 862-873页

作者：石峰何宏林 alexander l Densmore 毕丽思魏占玉中国地震局地质研究所活动构造与火山重点实验室北京100029 Department of Geography Durham UniversityDurhamUK 广东省地震局广州510070

构造地貌能够记录构造运动的长期积累,并能通过相关参数定量表达。但是,由于地貌还受到气候和岩性等因素的影响,所以如何利用相关参数来表达地貌与构造之间的关系是一个研究热点。文中利用水平分辨率为90m的SRTM数据,采用元分维模型,通... 详细信息

构造地貌能够记录构造运动的长期积累,并能通过相关参数定量表达。但是,由于地貌还受到气候和岩性等因素的影响,所以如何利用相关参数来表达地貌与构造之间的关系是一个研究热点。文中利用水平分辨率为90m的SRTM数据,采用元分维模型,通过变差函数法计算了滇西南地区的二维分形参数。并对比了在不同岩性不同气候条件下分形参数的分布特征。结果显示,二维分形参数与岩性、气候因素相关性不强。而分维值与构造活动因素相关性很好,在构造活动强烈区域分维值较低,在构造活动不强烈区域分维值较高。这说明分维值能在一定程度上反映构造活动的强弱,为研究区域构造活动提供了一种新的手段。

关键词：分形参数构造活动滇西南块体

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Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China?——A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 70-79页

作者： Jianfa Gao Jake O'Brien Foon Yin lai alexander l.N.van Nuijs Jun He Jochen F.Mueller Jingsha Xu Phong K.Thai Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of Queensland Toxicological Center University of Antwerp

Analysing wastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomes many limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. First conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis（WWA） a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China. The approach has been largely adopted by law enforcement agencies as a device to monitor the temporal and geographical patterns of drug consumption. In the future, the methodology can be extended to other chemicals including biomarkers of population health（e.g. environmental or oxidative stress biomarkers, lifestyle indicators or medications that are taken by different demographic groups） and pollutants that people are exposed to（e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,perfluorinated chemicals, and toxic pesticides）. The extension of WWA to a huge range of chemicals may give rise to a field called sewage chemical-information mining（SCIM） with unexplored potentials. China has many densely populated cities with thousands of sewage treatment plants which are favourable for applying WWA/SCIM in order to help relevant authorities gather information about illicit drug consumption and population health status. However, there are some prerequisites and uncertainties of the methodology that should be addressed for SCIM to reach its full potential in China.

关键词： Drug consumption Wastewater analysis Biomarkers Population health

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larch growth across thermal and moisture gradients in the Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 101-114页

作者： KHARUK Viacheslav I. PETROV Il'ya A. GOlYUKOV Alexey S. DVINSKAYA Maria l. IM Sergei T. SHUSHPANOV alexander S. Sukachev Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk660014Russia Tomsk State University Lenina str.36Tomsk634050Russia

Climate-driven changes in the thermal and moisture regimes may variously influence different tree species growth and *** hypothesize that drought resistant Siberian larch(larix sibirica ledeb.)and precipitation-sensitive Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)responded differently to climate change along the elevational thermal and precipitation *** studied the influence of air temperature,precipitation,soil moisture,and atmospheric drought(indicated by the drought index SPEI)on larch and pine growth along the southward megaslope of the West Sayan *** found that since 2000 climate change resulted in increasing larch and pine radial growth index(GI)(c.1.5–3times)within treeline(2000–2300 m)and timberline(1900–2000 m)ecotones,*** high precipitation *** the forest-steppe ecotone(1100–1200 m)in which *** is the only species,larch GI stagnated or even *** total forested area increased since 2000 up to+50%in the high elevations,whereas in the low elevations(line and timberline,trees’GI was stimulated by summer ***,temperature increase in early spring reduces GI due to living tissue activation followed by tissue damage by *** forest-steppe,larch radial growth was mostly dependent on soil *** shifted dependence on moisture to the early dates of the growing *** droughts decreased GI within forest-steppe as well as within treeline,whereas the drought influence on both species within highlands was *** forest-steppe seedlings establishment was poor,whereas it was successful within treeline and *** climate change leads to stagnation or even decrease in larix sibirica growth in the southern lowland *** combination with poor seedlings establishment,reduced growth threatens the transformation of open lowland forests into forest-steppe and steppe ***,in the highlands warming

关键词： larch Siberian pine Climate influence on tree radial growth Mountain forests Treeline Timberline Foreststeppe Drought stress Moisture stress

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