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In vivo assessment of the toxic potential of Dissotis rotundifolia whole plant extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第7期6卷 574-579页

作者： Charles Ansah Michael Buenor Adinortey Jerry Asiedu-Larbi Benjamin Aboagye Du-Bois Asante alexander kwadwo nyarko Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences University of Cape Coast Pharmacology Unit Centre for Plant Medicine Research Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences School of Biological Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape Coast Department of Clinical Pathology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Ghana

Objective: To assess the toxic potential of Dissotis rotundifolia(***) whole plant extract in Spraque–Dawley rats within a 2-week period of ***: Methanolic extract of D. rotundifolia was administered orally once daily at dose levels of 0,100, 300 and 1 000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Toxicity was assessed using mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, hematological indices,serum chemistry parameters and histopathological ***: There were no treatment-related mortalities or differences in clinical signs,hematology and serum biochemistry. This was confirmed by micrographs obtained from histopathological ***: The results obtained from the sub-acute toxicological assessment of D. rotundifolia extract suggest that the extract is non-toxic at doses up to 1 000 mg/kg/day administered for a period of 14 days.

关键词： Dissotis rotundifolia Ghana Melastomataceae Toxic potential

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Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in"hotspot"and"control"areas in Ghana:the importance of vectors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 45-55页

作者： Sellase Pi-Bansa Joseph Harold nyarko Osei kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong Elizabeth Elhassan Osei Kweku Akuoko David Agyemang Collins Ahorlu Maxwell alexander Appawu Benjamin Guibehi Koudou Michael David Wilson Dziedzom Komi de Souza Samuel Kweku Dadzie Jurg Utzinger Daniel Adjei Boakye Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaLegonGhana SightSavers International Ghana OfficeAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of GhanaLegonGhana Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)programmes for the control of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana,have been ongoing in some endemic districts for 16 *** current study aimed to assess factors that govern the success of MDA programmes for breaking transmission of lymphatic filariasis in ***:The study was undertaken in two"hotspot"districts(Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West)and two control districts(Mpohor and Bongo)in *** were collected and identified using morphological and molecular tools.A proportion of the cibarial armatures of each species was *** were performed onAnopheles gambiae for filarial worm detection.A questionnaire was administered to obtain information on MDA compliance and vector control *** were compared between districts to determine factors that might explain persistent transmission of lymphatic ***:High numbers of mosquitoes were sampled in Ahanta West district compared to Mpohor district(F=16.09,P=0.002).There was no significant difference between the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Kassena Nankana West and Bongo districts(F=2.16,P=0.185).Mansonia species were predominant in Ahanta West *** mosquitoes were prevalent in all *** with infected and infective filarial worms was found only in Ahanta West *** differences were found in cibarial teeth numbers and shape for mosquito species in the surveyed *** MDA coverage was high in all *** average use of bednet and indoor residual spraying was 82.4 and 66.2%,*** was high compliance in the five preceding MDA rounds in Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West districts,both considered hotspots of lymphatic filariasis ***:The study on persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the two areas in Ghana present information that shows the importance of local understanding of factors affecting control and elimination of lymphatic

关键词： Ghana Hotspots Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Microfilariae Systematic non-compliance Vector control

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Screening of Anti-Infectives against Leishmania donovani

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第1期6卷 13-22页

作者： Henry Nettey Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington Benoit Banga Nguessan Barima Afrane Mustafa Tagoe Anokye Ababio Patience Botchway Yvonne Darko Clement Sasu alexander nyarko School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana School of Pharmacy Mercer University Atlanta GA USA

Aim: To evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of several anti-infective agents alone and in combination against Leishmania donovani. Method: A convenient stratified sampling method was used to obtain selected anti-infective agents. For individual drug samples, Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) were obtained using the broth dilution method. The IC50’s of the drugs which were active against L. donovani were used as reference values to prepare drug combinations for the modified microdilution checkerboard method. Results: Five (5) out of the fifty-six (56) drugs used showed activity (inhibition of cell growth) against L. donovani cells. They include Quinine sulphate (IC50 = 0.089 μg/ml), gentamicin (IC50 = 8.1 μg/ml), amodiaquine (IC50 = 138 μg/ml) and the two standard drugs: Amphotericin B (IC50 = 6.3 μg/ml) and Pentamidine (IC50 = 25 μg/ml). The remaining fifty-one (51) drugs did not show any inhibition within the range of concentrations used (1.25 - 160 μg/ml). The drug combinations of Pentamidine/Amodiaquine, Pentamidine/ Quinine sulphate, Pentamidine/Gentamicin, Amphotericin B/Quinine Sulphate, Amphotericin B/ Gentamicin, Amodiaquine/Quinine sulphate and Amodiaquine/Gentamicin showed synergistic effects against L. donovani whereas the Amphotericin B/Amodiaquine combination was antagonistic. Notable in the results obtained was the high effectiveness of quinine sulphate in inhibiting the growth of L. donovani. Quinine sulphate, though not indicated for leishmania treatment, was more effective than the two standard drugs and has a potential of playing a significant role in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Conclusion: This study has revealed five (5) anti-infective agents that by themselves or in combinations show activity against L. donovani. Some of the drug combinations which showed synergism should further be investigated. These results have to be confirmed by in vivo studies to d

关键词： Anti-Infectives Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration Leishmania donovani

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