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Neutrophil kinetics and function after major trauma:A systematic review

World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2021年第5期10卷 260-277页

作者： Liam DB Finlay Andrew Conway Morris Adam M Deane alexander jt wood Melbourne Medical School University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridge 01223United Kingdom Centre for Integrated Critical Care University of MelbourneParkville 3052VictoriaAustralia Intensive Care Unit Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3052VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction following major traumatic injury is complex and strongly associated with significant morbidity and mortality through the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),persistent inflammation,immunosuppression,and catabolism syndrome and *** are thought to be a pivotal mediator in the development of immune *** To provide a review with a systematic approach of the recent literature describing neutrophil kinetics and functional changes after major trauma in humans and discuss hypotheses as to the mechanisms of the observed neutrophil dysfunction in this *** Medline,Embase and PubMed were searched on January 15,*** were screened by two reviewers and those included had their reference list hand searched for additional papers of *** criteria were adults>18 years old,with an injury severity score>12 requiring admission to an intensive care *** that analysed major trauma patients as a subgroup were *** Of 107 papers screened,48 were included in the *** were heterogeneous and most studies had a moderate to significant risk of bias owing to their observational nature and small sample *** findings included a persistently elevated neutrophil count,stereotyped alterations in cell-surface markers of activation,and the elaboration of heterogeneous and immunosuppressive populations of cells in the *** of these changes correlate with clinical outcomes such as MODS and secondary *** phenotype remains a promising avenue for the development of predictive markers for immune *** Understanding of neutrophil phenotypes after traumatic injury is expanding.A greater emphasis on incorporating functional and clinically significant markers,greater uniformity in study design and assessment of extravasated neutrophils may facilitate risk stratification in patients affected by major trauma.

关键词： Neutrophils Multiple trauma Immunophenotypes Inflammation Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Intensive care units

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Hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture:What is the current evidence?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第11期9卷 235-244页

作者： Greg AJ Robertson alexander M wood Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary

This editorial reviews and summarises the current evidence(meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews) relating to the use of hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fractures. Regarding the optimal surgical approach,two recent meta-analyses have found that posterior approaches are associated with: higher rates of dislocation compared to lateral and anterior approaches; and higher rates of re-operation compared to lateral approaches. Posterior approaches should therefore be avoided when performing hip hemi-arthroplasty procedures. Assessing the optimal prosthesis head component,three recent meta-analyses and one Cochrane review have found that while unipolar hemiarthroplasty can be associated with increased rates of acetabular erosion at short-term follow-up(up to 1 year),there is no significant difference between the unipolar hemi-arthroplasty and bipolar hemi-arthroplasty for surgical outcome,complication profile,functional outcome and acetabular erosion rates at longer-term follow-up(2 to 4 years). With bipolar hemi-arthroplasty being the more expensive prosthesis,unipolar hemi-arthroplasty is the recommended option. With regards to the optimal femoral stem insertion technique,three recent metaanalyses and one Cochrane Review have found that,while cemented hip hemi-arthroplasties are associated with a longer operative time compared to uncemented Hip Hemi-arthroplasties,cemented prostheses have lower rates of implant-related complications(particularly peri-prosthetic femoral fracture) and improved postoperative outcome regarding residual thigh pain and mobility. With no significant difference found between the two techniques for medical complications and mortality,cemented hip hemi-arthroplasty would appear to be the superior technique. On the topic of wound closure,one recent meta-analysis has found that,while staples can result in a quicker closure time,there is no significant difference in post-operative infections rates or wound healing outcomes when comparing staples

关键词： Hemi-arthroplasty Prosthesis Stem Head Hip Femoral Neck Fracture Cement

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Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第3期8卷 242-255页

作者： Greg A J Robertson alexander M wood Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh Department of Orthopaedic Leeds General Infirmary

Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting *** 90%of such injuries are located in the lower *** articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to *** planning of this condition is specific to the location of the ***,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by"high"and"low"risk."Low risk"stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise *** include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus."High risk"stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical *** include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe *** order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in *** this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to *** this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the *** case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting.

关键词： Fractures Lower Limb Sport Management Stress

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Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 574-587页

作者： Greg A J Robertson Seng J Wong alexander M wood Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary

AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment *** A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in January 2017 using the keywords "tibial", "plateau", "fractures", "knee", "athletes", "sports", "non-operative", "conservative", "operative", "return to sport". All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded "return to sport"rates. Only one study recorded a "return to sport" time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on *** Return rates to sport for tibial pl

关键词： Tibial Plateau Fracture Knee Return Sport Rate Time

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Epidemiology of open fractures in sport: One centre's 15-year retrospective study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 545-552页

作者： alexander M wood Greg A J Robertson Kirsty Mac Leod Anna Porter Charles M Court-Brown Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Institute of Naval Medicine Newcastle University Medical School

AIM To describe the epidemiology of sport-related open fractures from one centre's adult patient population over a 15-year period. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively-collected database was performed: The database contained information all sport-related open fractures, sustained from 1995 to 2009 in the Edinburgh, Mid and East Lothian *** Over the 15-year period, there were 85 fractures recorded in 84 patients. The annual incidence of open sport-related fractures was 0.01 per 1000 population. The mean age at injury was 29.2 years(range 15-67). There were 70(83%) males and 14 females(17%).The 6 most common sports were soccer(n = 19, 22%), rugby(n = 9, 11%), cycling(n = 8, 9%), hockey(n = 8, 9%); horse riding(n = 6, 7%) and skiing(n = 6, 7%). The five most common anatomical locations were finger phalanges(n = 30, 35%); tibial diaphysis(n = 19, 23%); forearm(n = 12, 14%); ankle(n = 7, 8%) and metacarpals(n = 5, 6%). The mean injury severity score was 7.02. According to the Gustilo-Anderson classification system, 45(53%) fractures were grade 1; 28(33%) fractures were grade 2; 8(9%) fractures were grade 3a; and 4(5%) fractures were grade 3b. Out of the total number of fractures, 7(8%) required plastic surgical intervention as part of management. The types of flaps used were split skin graft(n = 4), fasciocutaneous flaps(n = 2); and adipofascial flap(n = 1). CONCLUSION We analysed the epidemiology of open fractures secondary to sport in one centre over a 15-year period. Soccer and rugby were the most common causative sports while fractures of the finger phalanx and of the tibial diaphysis were the most common sites. Open fractures are uncommon in sport; however, when they are sustained they usually occur on muddy sport fields or forest tracks and therefore must be treated appropriately. It is important that clinicians and sports therapists have knowledge of these injuries, in order to ensure they are managed optimally.

关键词： Open Fracture Sport Epidemiology Injury Trauma

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金的选冶新技术及方案选择

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国外稀有金属 1989年第2期 1-11页

作者： wood.,jt 林尼生

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Inflammatory pseudotumors in the liver associated with influenza:A case report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第10期15卷 1164-1169页

作者： Ankoor Patel alexander Chen alexander T Lalos Department of Medicine Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States

BACKGROUND Inflammatory pseudotumor(IPT)is a rare and benign lesion that mimics malignancy and can develop in any part of the *** pathophysiology and etiology of these quasineoplastic lesions remain *** SUMMARY We report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with fevers,night sweats,and unintentional weight loss following an influenza infection and was found to have multiple hepatic IPT’s following an extensive work *** Our case highlights the importance of considering hepatic IPT’s in the differential in a patient who presents with symptoms and imaging findings mimicking malignancy shortly following a viral infection.

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Primary care providers should prescribe aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease based on benefit−risk ratio,not age

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第4期9卷 1-4页

作者： Kyungmann Kim Charles H Hennekens Lisa Martinez J Michael Gaziano Marc A Pfeffer Bianca Biglione alexander Gitin Jeanne Bell McCabe Thomas D Cook David L DeMets Sarah K wood Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA Medicine and Population Health and Social Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityCharles E Schmidt College of MedicineBoca RatonFloridaUSA Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Recent guidelines restricted aspirin(ASA)in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease(CVD)to patients10%,benefits of ASA will generally outweigh risks of significant *** should be considered only after implementation of therapeutic lifestyle changes and other drugs of proven benefit such as statins,which are,at the very least,additive to *** perspective is that individual clinical judgements by primary care providers about prescription of ASA in primary prevention of CVD should be based on our evidence-based solution of weighing all the absolute benefits and risks rather than *** strategy would do far more good for far more patients as well as far more good than harm in both developed and developing *** new and novel strategy for primary care providers to consider in prescribing ASA in primary prevention of CVD is the same as the general approach suggested by Professor Geoffrey Rose decades ago.

关键词： prevention aspirin absolute

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Multiscale wood micromechanics and size effects study via nanoindentation

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生物质资源与工程(英文) 2023年第3期8卷 246-264页

作者： Yuri I.Golovin alexander A.Gusev Dmitry Yu.Golovin Sergey M.Matveev alexander I.Tyrin alexander A.Samodurov Viktor V.Korenkov Inna A.Vasyukova Maria A.Yunack Institute“Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials” G.R.Derzhavin Tambov State University392000 TambovRussia Department of Chemical Enzymology School of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991 MoscowRussia Research and Educational Center«Sustainable Development of the Forest Complex» Voronezh State Forestry University Named after G.F.Morozov394087 VoronezhRussia Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials National University of Science and Technology“MISIS”119991 MoscowRussia

wood as a material is a natural composite with a complex hierarchically arranged *** scale levels of wood structure contribute to its macroscopic mechanical *** nature of such characteristics and deformation modes differs radically at different scale *** macroscopic properties are well studied,and the relevant information can be easily found in the ***,the knowledge of the deformation mechanisms at the mesoscopic level corresponding to the cellular structure of early and late wood layers of annual growth rings is *** hinders building the comprehensive multiscale model of how wood mechanical properties are *** paper described the results of scanning of mechanical properties of softwood and hardwood samples,such as common pine,small-leaf lime,and pedunculate oak,by means of nanoindentation(NI).The NI technique allows varying the size of deformed region within a wide range by altering maximal load(P max)applied to the indenter so that one can re-peatedly and non-destructively test wood structural components at different scale levels on the same sample without changing the technique or *** was discovered that the effective microhardness(H eff)and Young’s modulus(E eff)decreased manifold with P max growing from 0.2 to 2000 *** drop in H effwas observed when the locally deformed region grew,and re-sulting from P max increase generally follows the rule similar to the Hall-Petch relation for yield stress,strength,and hardness initially established for metals and alloys,though obviously in those cases the underlying internal mechanisms are quite *** nature and micromechanisms of such size effect(SE)in wood revealed using NI were discussed in this *** P max<0.2 mN,the deformed area under the pyramidal Berckovich indenter was much smaller than the cell wall ***,in this case,NI measured the internal mechanical properties of the cell wall material as long as free boundaries impact

关键词： Nano/microhardness Scanning nanoindentation Annual growth ring Early and late wood Dendrochronology

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Comparason of Peri-Articular Multimodal Drug Injection with Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第4期2卷 155-158页

作者： Calum H. C. Arthur alexander M. wood Charles Leeson-Payne Steffen J. Breusch Orthopaedic Department Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Good perioperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty facilitates rehabilitation and may reduce hospital stay. We present the patient analgesic requirements and rehabilitation of a prospective single surgeon series after the introduction of a multimodal drug injection during his total knee arthroplasty. Basic epidemiological data as well as analgesic, antiemetic requirements and time to straight leg raised was collected on 27 consecutive patients (group 1) whom received the multimodal drug injection, consisting of levobupivacaine, ketorolac and adrenaline at the time of their total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. Their rehabilitation was compared to a retrospective review of patients who were case matched by age and sex (group 2n = 26), whom had received the unit standard of spinal anaesthetic and a femoral and sciatic block at the time of their operation. Patients in group 1 had significantly lower analgesic and antiemetic requirements than group 2. Group 1 also had a significantly shorter hospital stay. We have demonstrated that periarticular multimodal drug injection can improve perioperative analgesia and mobilisation following total knee arthroplasty as well as reducing opioid requirements and side effects.

关键词： Analgesia Total Knee Replacement Multimodal Drug Injection Peripheral Nerve Blocks Rehabilitation

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