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The j.suits II: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540–1773

2006年

作者： j.hn W. O'Malley Gauvin alexander Bailey Steven j. Harris T. Frank Kennedy (eds.)

ISBN: (纸本)0802038611

Recent years have seen scholars in a wide range of disciplines re-evaluate the history of the Society of j.sus. In 1997, a group of scholars convened a maj.r international conference to discuss the world of the j.suits between 1540 and 1773 (the year of its suppression by papal edict). This meeting led to the creation of the first volume in this series, The j.suits, which examined the worldwide j.suit undertaking in such fields as music, art, architecture, devotional writing, mathematics, physics, astronomy, natural history, public performance, and education, with special attention to the j.suits''interaction with non-European *** second volume, following a second conference in 2002, continues in a similar path as its predecessor, complementing the regional coverage with contributions on the Flemish and Iberian provinces, on the missions in j.pan, and in post-Suppression Russia and the United States. The performing arts, like theatre and music, are broadly treated, and, in addition to continued attention to painting and architecture, the volume contains essays on a range of obj.ts d''art, including statuary, reliquaries, and alter pieces - as well as on gardens, mechanical clocks, and related automata. Other themes include finances, natural theology, censorship within the j.suit order, and the Society''s relationship to *** most important, the volume gives particular attention to the eighteenth century, the''age of disasters''for the j.suits - the negative papal ruling on Chinese Rites, the destruction the of Paraguay Reductions, and the suppressions of the order that began in Portugal and that culminated in the general Suppression of 1773. With contributions from distinguished scholars from a dozen different countries, The j.suits, II continues in the illustrious tradition of its predecessor to make an important contribution to religious memory.

关键词： j.suits

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Effect of 5-FU on modulation of disarrangement of immune-associated cytokines in experimental acute pancreatitis

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2009年第16期15卷 2032-2037页

作者： Xiao-Li Chen Sang-Zhu Ciren Hui Zhang Li-Geng Duan alexander j.Wesley Department of General Surgery The Huaxi Hospital Medical Center University of Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China Department of Surgery Transplantation Division University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45267-0558 United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil （5-FU） on modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute pancreatitis and the mechanism of it in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. METHODS： Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to 3 Groups： Group A, sham operated rats as controls （n = 7）; Group B, acute pancreatitis induced by ductal inj.ction with 5% sodium cholate at a volume of 1.0 mL/kg without any other treatment; Group C, after the pancreatitis was induced as in Group B, the rats were inj.cted intravenously with 5-FU 40 mg/kg. The animals in Groups B and C were killed at 2, 6 and 24 h after operation （n = 7）, and blood samples were taken for measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）（by bioassay）, and interleukin-10 （IL-10）, transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）（by ELISA）. The wet weight of pancreatic tissue, serum amylase levels and white blood cells were also measured. RESULTS： Four rats in Group B and one in Group C died after pancreatitis was induced. Both pro-inflammatory cytokines （TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6） at the 2 and 6 h period and the anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-10, TGF-β） at 24 h increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） in rats of Group B. After treatment with 5-FU, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in serum of rats of Group C were inhibited at 2 and 6 h after operation （P 〈 0.05）, and IL-IO, TGF-13 were inhibited at 24 h compared to Group B （P 〈 0.05）. Obvious improvements in the severity of the acute pancreatitis, including the amylase levels, wet weight of pancreatic tissue and neutrophil counts, were also observed after treatment with 5-FU. CONCLUSION： 5-FU is an anti-metabolic and immunosuppressive agent which can minimize the abnormal immune o/tokine response and relieve the pathophysiological disorders associated with experimental acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatitis Cytokines Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 5-Fluorouracil

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A critical examination of compound stability predictions from machine-learned formation energies

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npj.Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 858-868页

作者： Christopher j.Bartel Amalie Trewartha Qi Wang alexander Dunn Anubhav j.in Gerbrand Ceder Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Machine learning has emerged as a novel tool for the efficient prediction of material properties,and claims have been made that machine-learned models for the formation energy of compounds can approach the accuracy of Density Functional Theory(DFT).The models tested in this work include five recently published compositional models,a baseline model using stoichiometry alone,and a structural *** testing seven machine learning models for formation energy on stability predictions using the Materials Proj.ct database of DFT calculations for 85,014 unique chemical compositions,we show that while formation energies can indeed be predicted well,all compositional models perform poorly on predicting the stability of compounds,making them considerably less useful than DFT for the discovery and design of new *** critically,in sparse chemical spaces where few stoichiometries have stable compounds,only the structural model is capable of efficiently detecting which materials are *** nonincremental improvement of structural models compared with compositional models is noteworthy and encourages the use of structural models for materials discovery,with the constraint that for any new composition,the ground-state structure is not known a *** work demonstrates that accurate predictions of formation energy do not imply accurate predictions of stability,emphasizing the importance of assessing model performance on stability predictions,for which we provide a set of publicly available tests.

关键词： stability critical solids

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The importance of small decisions

The importance of small decisions

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作者： Michael j. O'Brien R. alexander Bentley and William A. Brock.

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Symposia Report Immunoglobulin G for the Treatment of Chronic Pain：Report of an Expert Workshop

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2014年第11期20卷 769-777页

作者： Stefano Tamburin Kristian Borg Xavier j. caro Stefano j.nn alexander j. Clark Francesca Magrinelli Gen Sobue Lars Werhagen Giampietro Zanette Haruki Koike Peter j. Spath Angela Vincent Andreas Goebel Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Department of Neurosciences Hospital Niguarda Ca Granda Milan Section of Neurology Pederzoli Hospital Peschiera del Garda Verona Italy Division of Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital Stockholm Sweden Division of Rheumatology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USA Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Department of Anesthesia Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Institute of pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford Pain Research Institute University of Liverpool Clinical Sciences Building University Hospital Aintree Liverpool UK

背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,... 详细信息

背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,专家们出示了免疫系统参与慢性疼痛的证据。近来的研究表明,静脉(IVIg)或皮下(SCIg)注射免疫调节药物——多价免疫球蛋白(Ig G)可缓解外周神经病理性疼痛和其他疼痛性疾病。专题会议讨论了IVIg和SCIg治疗的适应证、效价比及其副作用。结果:Ig G可缓解某些伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛,如糖尿病、干燥综合征、纤维肌痛症、复杂性区域疼痛综合征、小儿麻痹后遗症和继发于病理性自身抗体的疼痛。结论:Ig G对某些慢性疼痛具有一定的治疗前景。Ig G是一种相对安全的治疗方法,副作用少而轻,但价格较贵。今后有必要对Ig G治疗顽固性疼痛进行随机对照研究和预测性临床试验。

关键词：慢性疼痛患者临床治疗副作用后遗症

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Laparoscopic surgery for benign and malign diseases of the digestive system:Indications,limitations,and evidence

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 4883-4891页

作者： Markus alexander Küper Friederike Eisner Alfred K?nigsrainer j.rg Glatzle Department for General and Visceral Surgery Bundeswehr Hospital BerlinD-10115 BerlinGermany Department for General Visceral and Transplant SurgeryUniversity Hospital Tübingen72076 TübingenGermany

The laparoscopic technique was introduced in gastrointestinal surgery in the mid 1980s. Since then, the development of this technique has been extraordinary. Triggered by technical innovations (stapling devices or coagulation/dissecting devices), nowadays any type of gastrointestinal resection has been successfully performed laparoscopically and can be performed laparoscopically dependent on the patient’s condition. This summary gives an overview over 30 years of laparoscopic surgery with focus on today’s indications and evidence. Main indications remain the more common procedures, e.g., appendectomy, cholecystectomy, bariatric procedures or colorectal resections. For all these indications, the laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard with less perioperative morbidity. Regarding oncological outcome there have been several high-quality randomized controlled trials which demonstrated equivalency between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections. Less common procedures like esophagectomy, oncological gastrectomy, liver and pancreatic resections can be performed successfully as well by an experienced surgeon. However, the evidence for these special indications is poor and a general recommendation cannot be given. In conclusion, laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal surgery by reducing perioperative morbidity without disregarding surgical principles especially in oncological surgery.

关键词： Laparoscopy Gastrointestinal surgery Esophagus Stomach Cholecystectomy Colorectal surgery Liver resection Pancreas resection Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal

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Balancing timeliness of reporting with increasing testing probability for epidemic data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 106-116页

作者： alexander j.Pritchard Matthew j.Silk Simon carrignon R.alexander Bentley Nina H.Fefferman NIMBioS National Institute for Mathematical and Biological SynthesisUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn CampusUK Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of CambridgeUK Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA

Reporting of epidemiological data requires coordinated action by numerous agencies,across a multitude of logistical *** collated and reported information to inform direct interventions can be challenging due to associated *** can,however,occur indirectly through the public generation of concern,which facilitates adherence to protective *** utilized a coupled-dynamic multiplex network model with a communication-and disease-layer to examine how variation in reporting delay and testing probability are likely to impact adherence to protective behaviors,such as reducing physical *** concern mediated adherence and was informed by new-or active-case reporting,at the population-or *** received information from the communication layer:direct connections that were sick or adherent to protective behaviors increased their concern,but absence of illness eroded *** revealed that the relative benefit of timely reporting and a high probability of testing was contingent on how much information was already *** low rates of testing,increasing testing probability was of greater mitigating *** high rates of testing,maximizing timeliness was of greater ***-level reporting provided advanced warning of disease risk from nearby communities;but we explore the relative costs and benefits of delays due to scale against the assumption that people may prioritize community-level *** findings emphasize the interaction of testing accuracy and reporting timeliness for the indirect mitigation of disease in a complex social system.

关键词： Behavioral science Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Disease reporting Surveillance

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Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the Himalayas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： Nita DYOLA Eryuan LIANG j.sep PEÑUELAS j.j.lio caMARERO Shalik Ram SIGDEL Sugam ARYAL Wentao LIN Xiang LIU Yongwen LIU Xingliang XU Sergio ROSSI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants require a number of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and *** elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under specific environmental ***,less is known about how the spectrum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest biomass along broad elevational *** examined the influence of leaf element distribution and diversity on forest biomass by analyzing ten elements(C,N,P,K,ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters above sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters above sea level)in the Kangchenj.nga Landscape in eastern Nepal *** calculated communityweighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 *** increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest biomass accumulation.A combination of elements together with elevation explains biomass(52.2%of the variance)better than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05%to 21%of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant species in biomass *** promotes biomass at lower elevations,but reduces biomass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction between elevation and *** interaction between elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on biomass along the elevation *** research indicates that biomass accumulation can be disproportionately affected by elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation *** higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of species to environmental changes,it reduces

关键词： Ecosystem function Elevational gradient Functional diversity Functional traits Leaf elements Niche complementarity

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Advances in minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第2期11卷 228-229页

作者： Robert C.Rennert j.Scott Pannell alexander A.Khalessi Department of Neurosurgery University of California - San Diego

Cerebrovascular diseases,including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes,affect more than 6 million US adults *** cause high rates of morbidity and mortality due to the central nervous system’s sensitivity to disruptions in blood flow,and are refractory to traditional surgical interventions.A variety of minimally invasive surgical and endovascular approaches have recently been developed to improve patient outcomes following stroke.

关键词： Advances in minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke ICH

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High resolution strain mapping of a single axially heterostructured nanowire using scanning X-ray diffraction

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Nano Research 2020年第9期13卷 2460-2468页

作者： Susanna Hammarberg Vilgaile Dagyte Lert Chayanun Megan O.Hill alexander Wyke alexander Bj.rling Ulf j.hansson Sebastian Kalbfleisch Magnus Heurlin Lincoln j.Lauhon Magnus T.Borgstrom j.sper Wallentin Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Solid State Physics and NanoLund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA MAX IV Laboratory Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden

Axially heterostructured nanowires are a promising platform for next generation electronic and optoelectronic *** based on theoretical modeling have predicted more complex strain distributions and increased critical layer thicknesses than in thin films,due to lateral strain relaxation at the surface,but the understanding of the growth and strain distributions in these complex structures is hampered by the lack of high-resolution characterization ***,we demonstrate strain mapping of an axially segmented GalnP-lnP 190 nm diameter nanowire heterostructure using scanning X-ray *** systematically investigate the strain distribution and lattice tilt in three different segment lengths from 45 to 170 nm,obtaining strain maps with about 10^-4 relative strain *** experiments were performed using the 90 nm diameter nanofocus at the NanoMAX beamline,taking advantage of the high coherent flux from the first diffraction limited storage ring MAX *** experimental results are in good agreement with a full simulation of the experiment based on a three-dimensional(3D)finite element *** largest segments show a complex profile,where the lateral strain relaxation at the surface leads to a dome-shaped strain distribution from the mismatched interfaces,and a change from tensile to compressive strain within a single *** lattice tilt maps show a cross-shaped profile with excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with the *** contrast,the shortest measured InP segment is almost fully adapted to the surrounding GalnP segments.

关键词： strain mapping nanowire heterostructure X-ray diffraction(XRD) MAX IV finite element modeling

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