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National Science Review 2024年第05期 13-16页

作者： Mario Senden Sacha j.van Albada Giovanni Pezzulo Egidio Falotico Ibrahim Hashim alexander Kroner Anno C.Kurth Pablo Lanillos Vaishnavi Narayanan Cyriel Pennartz Mihai A.Petrovici Lea Steffen Tonio Weidler Rainer Goebel Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre Maastricht University Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine(INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation(IAS-6) and j.RA-Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships(INM-10) Jülich Research Center Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies The Bio Robotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna RWTH Aachen University Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Department of Physiology University of Bern FZI Research Center of Information Technology

To cope with the immense complexity of the brain, neuroscientific research often focuses on isolated brain structures or circumscribed perceptual, cognitive or motor functions [1]. This reductionist approach overlooks the intricate and multifaceted interplay among various structural and functional *** instance, even simple movements require the coordinated activation of numerous neuronal populations across multiple brain regions [2].

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In situ characterization of particle formation in spray flame synthesis using wide-angle light scattering

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 304-312页

作者： Simon Aβmann Franz j.T.Huber Stefan Will Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik(LTT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany Erlangen Graduate Schoolin Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany Competence Unit Engineering of Advanced Materials(EAM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany

Wide-angle light scattering(WALS)was used for in situ measurements of droplet and nanoparticle size distributions during the synthesis of titania and iron oxide particles from liquid precursor solutions in the standardized SpraySyn burner for spray flame *** was synthesized from titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP)and iron oxide from iron(II)nitrate nonahydrate(INN)using ethanol(EtOH)as *** images were taken at heights up to 120 mm above the burner surface and classified into droplet and particle *** size distributions were derived from a sequential analysis of scattering data containing the oscillating Mie pattern,the lognormal size distribution parameters for spherical and fractal particle fractions from a multivariate approach on averaged particle scattering *** results show that the precursor addition leads to altered evaporation behavior and even droplet disruption probably induced by puffing or micro-explosions compared to pure *** the case of TTIP(a hygroscopic alkoxide),the synthesis of a large fraction of spheres was observed,while the nitrate INN leads to the formation of mostly fractal aggregates.

关键词： Spray flame synthesis Metal oxide particles Elastic light scattering Droplet size distribution Nanoparticle morphology Particle size distribution

The Oral Health Status of Person with Special Needs in Kumasi

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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas

Open j.urnal of Stomatology（口腔学期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi alexander Oti-Acheampong Victoria N. A. Boadu Lord j. j. Gowans

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 alexander KNIEPS 扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the EAST Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China Forschungszentrum j.lich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam inj.ction(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable ***, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping transport neutral beam inj.ction stiffness internal transport barrier

Evolution of heart transplant donor characteristics in the 21st century: A United States single center’s experience

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World j.urnal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 22-29页

作者： alexander M Spring Christiana Gj.laj.Shivank Madan Snehal R Patel Omar Saeed Sandhya Murthy Yogita Rochlani Daniel B Sims Sasha Vukelic Stephen j.Forest j.mil F Borgi Daniel j.Goldstein Ulrich P j.rde Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular care Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467United States Division of cardiothoracic Surgery Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States

Despite a record setting number of heart transplants performed annually,the national donor shortage continues to plague transplant teams across the United *** we describe the barriers to adaptation of numerous“non-traditional”orthotopic heart transplant donor characteristics including donors with hepatitis C virus,those meeting criteria for donation after cardiac death,donors with coronavirus disease 19 infection,donors with the human immunodeficiency virus,and grafts with left ventricular systolic *** center’s obj.ctive was to increase our transplant volume by expanding our donor pool from“traditional”donors to these“non-traditional”*** detail how medical advances such as certain laboratory studies,pharmacologic interventions,and organ care systems have allowed our center to expand the donor pool thereby increasing transplantation volume without adverse effects on outcomes.

关键词： Orthotopic heart transplantation Hepatitis C virus COVID-19 Left ventricular systolic dysfunction Human immunodeficiency virus Donation after cardiac death

Tipping points among social learners： Tools from varied disciplines

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 298-306页

作者： R. alexander BENTLEY Michael j. O＇BRIEN Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1UU UK Department of Anthropology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

There is a long and rich tradition in the social sciences of using models of collective behavior in animals as j.mp- ing-off points for the study of human behavior, including collective human behavior. Here, we come at the problem in a slightly different fashion. We ask whether models of collective human behavior have anything to offer those who study animal behavior. Our brief example of tipping points, a model first developed in the physical sciences and later used in the social sciences, suggests that the analysis of human collective behavior does indeed have considerable to offer

关键词： Networks Social learning Thresholds Time series Tipping points

Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for T-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： Michael Hiltensperger j.rgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 The identified caRD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rej.ction and persistence of engineered T cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential

Parametric study on smoothed particle hydrodynamics for accurate determination of drag coefficient for a circular cylinder

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 143-153页

作者： Maziar Gholami Korzani Sergio A. Galindo-Torres alexander Scheuermann David j. Williams School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

Simulations of two-dimensional(2D) flow past a circular cylinder with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method were conducted in order to accurately determine the drag coefficient. The fluid was modeled as a viscous liquid with weak compressibility. Boundary conditions,such as a no-slip solid wall, inflow and outflow, and periodic boundaries, were employed to resemble the physical problem. A sensitivity analysis, which has been rarely addressed in previous studies, was conducted on several SPH parameters. Hence, the effects of distinct parameters, such as the kernel choices and the domain dimensions, were investigated with the goal of obtaining highly accurate results. A range of Reynolds numbers(1-500) was simulated, and the results were compared with existing experimental data. It was observed that the domain dimensions and the resolution of SPH particles, in comparison to the obstacle size, affected the obtained drag coefficient significantly. Other parameters, such as the background pressure, influenced the transient condition, but did not influence the steady state at which the drag coefficient was determined.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics Drag coefficient Reynolds number Sensitivity analysis Viscous flow

Current clinical approach to achalasia

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 3969-3975页

作者： alexander j.Eckardt Volker F Eckardt Central Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCharité University Hospitals BerlinCampus VirchowD-13353 BerlinGermany Department of Gastroenterology Deutsche Klinik für DiagnostikD-65191 WiesbadenGermany

Idiopathic achalasia is a rare primary motility disorder of the esophagus. The classical features are incomplete relaxation of a frequently hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and a lack of peristalsis in the tubular esophagus. These motor abnormalities lead to dysphagia, stasis, regurgitation, weight loss, or secondary respiratory complications. Although maj.r strides have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of this rare disorder, including a probable autoimmune mediated destruction of inhibitory neurons in response to an unknown insult in genetically susceptible individuals, a definite trigger has not been identified. The diagnosis of achalasia is suggested by clinical features and conf irmed by further diagnostic tests, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), manometry or barium swallow. These studies are not only used to exclude pseudoachalasia, but also might help to categorize the disease by severity or clinical subtype. Recent advances in diagnostic methods, including high resolution manometry (HRM), might allow prediction of treatment responses. The primary treatments for achieving long-term symptom relief are surgery and endoscopic methods. Although limited high-quality data exist, it appears that laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication is superior to endoscopic methods in achieving long-term relief of symptoms in the maj.rity of patients. However, the current clinical approach to achalasia will depend not only on patients' characteristics and clinical subtypes of the disease, but also on local expertise and patient preferences.

关键词： Achalasia Esophageal motility disorder Dysphagia Esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter Pneumatic dilation Botulinum toxin Heller myotomy

Measuring user preferences and behaviour in a topographic immersive virtual environment(TopoIVE)of 2D and 3D urban topographic data

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International j.urnal of Digital Earth 2021年第12期14卷 1835-1867页

作者： Łukasz Halik alexander j.Kent Department of cartography and Geomatics Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland School of Psychology and Life Sciences Canterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyUK

This paper investigates user preferences and behaviour associated with 2D and 3D modes of urban representation within a novel Topographic Immersive Virtual Environment(TopoIVE)created from official 1:10,000 *** participants were divided into two groups:the first were given a navigational task within a simulated city and the second were given the freedom to explore it.A Head-Mounted Display(HMD)Virtual Reality(VR)app allowed participants to switch between 2D and 3D representations of buildings with a remote controller and their use of these modes during the experiment was *** performed mental rotation tests before entering the TopoIVE and were interviewed afterwards about their experiences using the *** results indicate that participants preferred the 3D mode of representation overall,although preference for the 2D mode was slightly higher amongst those undertaking the navigational task,and reveal that different wayfinding solutions were adopted by participants according to their ***,the findings suggest that users exploit different aspects of 2D and 3D modes of visualization in their wayfinding strategy,regardless of their *** potential to combine the functionality of 2D and 3D modes therefore offers substantial opportunities for the development of immersive virtual reality products derived from topographic datasets.

关键词： Virtual reality(VR) immersive virtual environment(IVE) 2D versus 3D wayfinding topographic data