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Effect of 5-FU on modulation of disarrangement of immune-associated cytokines in experimental acute pancreatitis

World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第16期15卷 2032-2037页

作者： Xiao-Li Chen Sang-Zhu Ciren Hui Zhang Li-Geng Duan alexander j wesley Department of General Surgery The Huaxi Hospital Medical Center University of Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China Department of Surgery Transplantation Division University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45267-0558 United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil （5-FU） on modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute pancreatitis and the mechanism of it in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. METHODS： Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to 3 Groups： Group A, sham operated rats as controls （n = 7）; Group B, acute pancreatitis induced by ductal injection with 5% sodium cholate at a volume of 1.0 mL/kg without any other treatment; Group C, after the pancreatitis was induced as in Group B, the rats were injected intravenously with 5-FU 40 mg/kg. The animals in Groups B and C were killed at 2, 6 and 24 h after operation （n = 7）, and blood samples were taken for measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）（by bioassay）, and interleukin-10 （IL-10）, transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）（by ELISA）. The wet weight of pancreatic tissue, serum amylase levels and white blood cells were also measured. RESULTS： Four rats in Group B and one in Group C died after pancreatitis was induced. Both pro-inflammatory cytokines （TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6） at the 2 and 6 h period and the anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-10, TGF-β） at 24 h increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） in rats of Group B. After treatment with 5-FU, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in serum of rats of Group C were inhibited at 2 and 6 h after operation （P 〈 0.05）, and IL-IO, TGF-13 were inhibited at 24 h compared to Group B （P 〈 0.05）. Obvious improvements in the severity of the acute pancreatitis, including the amylase levels, wet weight of pancreatic tissue and neutrophil counts, were also observed after treatment with 5-FU. CONCLUSION： 5-FU is an anti-metabolic and immunosuppressive agent which can minimize the abnormal immune o/tokine response and relieve the pathophysiological disorders associated with experimental acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatitis Cytokines Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 5-Fluorouracil

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Cloud computing for integrated stochastic groundwater uncertainty analysis

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International journal of Digital Earth 2013年第4期6卷 313-337页

作者： Yong Liu alexander Y.Sun Keith Nelson wesley E.Hipke National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Bureau of Economic Geology University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Arizona Department of Water Resources PhoenixAZUSA

One of the major scientific challenges and societal concerns is to make informed decisions to ensure sustainable groundwater availability when facing deep uncertainties.A major computational requirement associated with this is on-demand computing for risk analysis to support timely *** paper presents a scientific modeling service called‘ModflowOnAzure’which enables large-scale ensemble runs of groundwater flow models to be easily executed in parallel in the Windows Azure *** technical issues were addressed,including the conjunctive use of desktop tools in MATLAB to avoid license issues in the cloud,integration of Dropbox with Azure for improved usability and‘Drop-and-Compute,’and automated file exchanges between desktop and the *** scientific use cases are presented in this paper using this service with significant computational *** case is from Arizona,where six plausible alternative conceptual models and a streamflow stochastic model are used to evaluate the impacts of different groundwater pumping *** case is from Texas,where a global sensitivity analysis is performed on a regional groundwater availability *** of both cases show informed uncertainty analysis results that can be used to assist the groundwater planning and sustainability study.

关键词： MODFLOW groundwatersustainability uncertaintyanalysis global sensitivity analysis cloudcomputing WindowsAzure Dropbox alternative conceptual model cyberinfrastructure eScience

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What We Measure Matters:The Case of the Missing Development Data in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Monitoring

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 779-789页

作者： Ksenia Chmutina jason von Meding Vicente Sandoval Michael Boyland Giuseppe Forino wesley Cheek Darien alexander Williams Claudia Gonzalez-Muzzio Isabella Tomassi Holmes Páez Victor Marchezini School of Architecture.Building and Civil Engineering.Loughborough University Loughborough LEU 3TU.UK Florida Institute of Built Environment Resilience.University of Florida Gainesville.FL 32661USA Disaster Research Unit(DRU) Freie Universitiit Berlin12165 Berlin.Germany Stockholm Environment Institute Asia.Bangkok 10330.Thailand School of Geography University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RD.UK Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage Ritsumeikan University.Kyoto 603-8341Japan Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)CambridgeMA 02142USA Amhito Consultores Limitada.3565202 Santiago Chile Laboratoire Triangle Lyon.Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon 69342 Rhone-AlpesFrance Department of Civil Engineering.Pontificia Universidad javeriana 110231 BogotaColombia National Centre for Monitoring and Warning of Natural Disasters(CEMADEN).Sao jose dos Campos SP 12247016Brazil

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030’s(SFDRR)framing moved away from disaster risk as a natural phenomenon to the examination of the inequality and injustice at the root of human vulnerability to hazards and ***,its achievements have not seriously challenged the long-established capitalist systems of oppression that hinder the development leading to disaster risk *** article is an exploratory mapping exercise of and a collective reflection on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and SFDRR indicators-and their use in measuring progress towards disaster risk reduction(DRR).We highlight that despite the rhetoric of vulnerability,the measurement of progress towards DRR remains event/*** argue that the measurement of disaster risk could be greatly enhanced by the integration of development data in future iterations of global DRR frameworks for action.

关键词： Development dynamics Disaster risk root causes Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction Sustainable development goals

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营养支持在危重病人中的作用

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中华临床营养杂志 1996年第4期14卷 3-13页

作者： j.wesley alexander M.D. Sc.D. john M.Daly M.D. 邓高月美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提大学医学院外科美国纽约医院Comell医学中心外科

综述了疾病与损伤、营养不良及免疫反应之间的关系,某些特殊营养物,如氨基酸(精氨酸和谷氨酰胺),膳食核苷酸和脂肪酸的免疫调节与代谢作用,营养支持与危重疾病之间的关系,以及用肠内营养制剂IMPACF进行的动物实验研究和临床研究。结果提... 详细信息

综述了疾病与损伤、营养不良及免疫反应之间的关系,某些特殊营养物,如氨基酸(精氨酸和谷氨酰胺),膳食核苷酸和脂肪酸的免疫调节与代谢作用,营养支持与危重疾病之间的关系,以及用肠内营养制剂IMPACF进行的动物实验研究和临床研究。结果提示,精氨酸、谷氨酰氨、RNA和鱼油中的W-3脂肪酸可增强免疫功能,对患有免疫抑制的病人(如大手术、输血、脓毒症、大创伤及接受治疗的恶性肿瘤病人等)有重要的价值。

关键词：危重病人免疫反应

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Bioassay of Winter Wheat for Gibberellic Acid Sensitivity

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 2015-2022页

作者： alexander D. Pavlista Dipak K. Santra David D. Baltensperger Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Panhandle Research & Extension Center Scottsbluff USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA.

Increasing winter wheat seedling growth would make it a better winter cover crop. Gibberellic acid (GA3) seed treatment may accomplish this by stimulating stem growth. A bioassay, mimicking field conditions, could determine the relative sensitivity of conventional and semi-dwarf cultivars. In growth chambers set for cool (10℃/4℃) and warm (21℃/4℃) conditions, wheat seeds were treated with 0 and 125 to 16,000 ppm GA3. The cultivars Goodstreak (tall or conventional) and wesley (semi-dwarf) were compared as standards. Emergence and plant height were measured. “Goodstreak” showed a significant growth promotion at 500 ppm GA3 when seeds were dipped and 2000 ppm when GA3 was applied in-furrow under both temperature regimes. “wesley” in general required the same or a higher dose of GA3. Separately, the seeds of nine other cultivars were treated with GA3 as the standards. Based on maximum height promotion, the most sensitive cultivars under cool conditions were Goodstreak, Harry, Millenium, and Wahoo;under warm conditions, the most sensitive cultivars were Alliance, Goodstreak, jagalene, and Millenium. In general, the least GA3 sensitive cultivars were Arrowsmith, Scout66, and wesley. “Buckskin” and “InfinityCL” were intermediate. The rye cultivar Rymin also was tested and showed less sensitivity to GA3 than “Goodstreak”. When 6 benzyladenine (6BA) with GA3 was applied to “Goodstreak” and “wesley” seed, emergence, plant height and weight, and tiller formation were reduced. Wheat cultivars will respond to GA3 and differ in the amount of GA3 needed. The results of this growth chamber study will guide subsequent field trials.

关键词： Plant Growth Regulator Gibberellin Planting Aid Cover Crop

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Gibberellic Acid Promotes Early Growth of Winter Wheat and Rye

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第20期5卷 2984-2996页

作者： alexander D. Pavlista David D. Baltensperger Dipak K. Santra Gary W. Hergert Steve Knox Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Panhandle Research & Extension Center Scottsbluff NE USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Lincoln NE USA

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) planting in Nebraska is recommended for mid Sep but summer crops are often harvested around Oct 1. Also, weather may delay planting. Could gibberellic acid (GA3), a growth stimulant, overcome the delayed seedling growth from late planting? Irrigated field trials were planted from 2005 to 2010 applying GA3 to wheat seed of cvs. Goodstreak and wesley. In 2005, dip, spray and furrow GA3 applications to seed were tested. Dip and spray gave similar results. Furrow application was calculated too costly. Further tests used seed dips. In 2006 to 2008 planting, wheat was planted about 15 Sep, 1 Oct and 15 Oct. Trials planted in 2007 and 2008 included winter rye (Secale cereale) cv. Rymin. Heights in mid Nov showed a reduction with later planting. When planted about 1 Oct and 15 Oct, the delayed growth of Goodstreak, compared to planting two weeks earlier, was fully overcome by GA3 at 250 ppm. For wesley, 1000 ppm GA3 was needed to nearly overcome later planting. Rymin rye gave an intermediate response between the two wheat cultivars. Spring and summer heights were not affected by GA3. Spring biomass, yield and harvested seed germination showed no GA3 effect. In later trials (planted in 2009 and 2010), the cytokinin 6-benzyl adenine (6BA) was added to GA3 to stimulate tiller formation. In the 1st year, 6BA at 2000 ppm depressed height, weight and yield without tiller promotion. Repeating the trial with lower rates (31 - 125 ppm 6BA) did not offer an additional advantage to GA3. The results indicate that seed application of GA3 can overcome delayed growth resulting from delayed planting of winter wheat and rye under irrigation.

关键词： Plant Growth Regulator Gibberellin Planting Aid Wind Erosion Soil Erosion Cover Crop Crop Rotation

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