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Hebbian plasticity:the elusive missing link at the heart of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 123-124页

作者： alexander f.Jeans Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordOxfordUK

The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s pathogenesis:The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)pathogenesis will shortly celebrate its thirtieth birthday(Hardy and Higgins,1992).Based on abundant genetic and biochemical evidence,it proposes that deposition of the amyloid-β(Aβ)peptide in brain parenchyma is an essential upstream trigger in AD pathogenesis that drives a cascade of events,specifically including the recruitment and pathological hyper-phosphorylation of the micro-tubule-associated protein tau,that culminate in derangement of synaptic function and,eventually,neuronal death.

关键词： pathogenesis Alzheimer eventually

Current clinical approach to achalasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 3969-3975页

作者： alexander J Eckardt Volker f Eckardt Central Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCharité University Hospitals BerlinCampus VirchowD-13353 BerlinGermany Department of Gastroenterology Deutsche Klinik für DiagnostikD-65191 WiesbadenGermany

Idiopathic achalasia is a rare primary motility disorder of the esophagus. The classical features are incomplete relaxation of a frequently hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and a lack of peristalsis in the tubular esophagus. These motor abnormalities lead to dysphagia, stasis, regurgitation, weight loss, or secondary respiratory complications. Although major strides have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of this rare disorder, including a probable autoimmune mediated destruction of inhibitory neurons in response to an unknown insult in genetically susceptible individuals, a definite trigger has not been identified. The diagnosis of achalasia is suggested by clinical features and conf irmed by further diagnostic tests, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), manometry or barium swallow. These studies are not only used to exclude pseudoachalasia, but also might help to categorize the disease by severity or clinical subtype. Recent advances in diagnostic methods, including high resolution manometry (HRM), might allow prediction of treatment responses. The primary treatments for achieving long-term symptom relief are surgery and endoscopic methods. Although limited high-quality data exist, it appears that laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication is superior to endoscopic methods in achieving long-term relief of symptoms in the majority of patients. However, the current clinical approach to achalasia will depend not only on patients' characteristics and clinical subtypes of the disease, but also on local expertise and patient preferences.

关键词： Achalasia Esophageal motility disorder Dysphagia Esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter Pneumatic dilation Botulinum toxin Heller myotomy

Chiral logic computing with twisted antiferromagnetic magnon modes

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 917-924页

作者： Chenglong Jia Min Chen alexander f.Schäffer Jamal Berakdar Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education&Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)Germany

Antiferromagnetic(AfM)materials offer an exciting platform for ultrafast information handling with low cross-talks and compatibility with existing *** interesting for low-energy cost computing is the spin wave-based realization of logic gates,which has been demonstrated experimentally for ferromagnetic ***,we predict chiral magnonic eigenmodes with a finite intrinsic,magnonic orbital angular momentumℓin AfM waveguides.ℓis an unbounded integer determined by the spatial topology of the *** show how these chiral modes can serve for multiplex AfM magnonic computing by demonstrating the operation of several symmetry-and topology-protected logic gates.A Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction may arise at the waveguide boundaries,allowing coupling to external electric fields and resulting in a faraday *** uncovered aspects highlight the potential of AfM spintronics for swift data communication and handling with high fidelity and at a low-energy cost.

关键词： ferromagnetic topology chiral

Exploring U.S.-China climate cooperation through linked carbon markets

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第1期14卷 145-155页

作者： alexander f.LI Chen-fei QU Xi-Liang ZHANG Schwarzman College Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Energy Environmentand EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Emissions trading systems(ETSs)are a widely used policy tool for driving emissions reductions and serve as an avenue for international climate *** the recent global agreement on carbon market standards at COP26,this study explores linked ETSs as an avenue for the *** China to cooperate on climate *** emissions,energy,and economic effects of linked ETSs are analyzed through the China-in-Global Energy Model(C-GEM),a multi-regional,computable general equilibrium *** the development of national economy-wide ETSs,two scenarios are developed linking China and the U.S.:1)a bilateral U.S.-China ETS linkage 2)a multilateral ETS linkage that includes China,the U.S.,and nations in Southeast *** indicate that emissions and energy consumption outcomes would be similar in the bilateral and multilateral ***,economic outcomes are more favorable in the multilateral linkage *** China and the *** in bilateral ETS linkage,China predominantly benefits from additional support for domestic decarbonization while the *** from increased GDP compared to without ETS *** Southeast Asia to establish multilateral linkage improves GDP outcomes for all participants,reducing adverse effects on China's GDP while boosting GDP for the *** Southeast *** policymakers considering the design and implementation of international ETSs,this study presents updated modeling on the effects of ETS linkage on each country as well as the economic benefits of expanding participation to additional regions.

关键词： U.S.-China climate cooperation Climate change Emissions trading system Carbon markets Computable general equilibrium model

Parastomal hernia repair

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 402-412页

作者： Jeffrey Michael smith Sahil K.Kapur alexander f.Mericli Donald P.Baumann Charles E.Butler Department of Plastic Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA

Despite significant advances in abdominal wall reconstruction,parastomal hernias remain a complex problem,with a high risk of recurrence following *** a number of surgical hernia repair techniques have been proposed,there is no consensus on optimal *** clinical variables must be considered when developing a comprehensive repair plan that minimizes the likelihood of hernia recurrence and surgical site *** this review,we describe the incidence of parastomal hernias and discuss pertinent risk factors,medical history findings,physical examination findings,supplementary diagnostic modalities,parastomal hernia classification systems,surgical indications,and repair *** consideration is given to the discussion of mesh reinforcement,including available biomaterials,anatomic plane selection,and the extent of mesh *** open repairs are the primary focus of this article,minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic approaches are also briefly *** is our hope that the provided surgical outcome data will help guide surgical management and optimize outcomes for affected patients.

关键词： Abdominal wall reconstruction parastomal hernia stoma biologic mesh synthetic mesh polypropylene acellular dermal matrix

Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris *** toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1106-1116页

作者： f.R.Sadeque Ahmed Ian J.alexander Mwinyikione Mwinyihija Ken Killham Department of Environment (Climate Change) E-16 AgargaonDhakaBangladesh School of Biological Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB24 3UUUK Kenya Leather Development Council P.O.Box 14480NairobiKenya Remedios Limited Balgownie Technology CentreCampus 3 Balgownie DriveAberdeenAB22 8GWUK

Contamination of irrigation water represents a major constraint to Bangladesh agriculture,resulting in elevated levels in the terrestrial *** bacterial biosensor technology has previously been used to measure the toxicity of metals in various environmental *** arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on phosphorus uptake,but showed alleviated metal toxicity to the host *** study examined the effects of arsenic and inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus mosseae,on lentil （Lens culinaris ***）.Plants were grown with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum for 9 weeks in a sand and terra-green mixture （50：50,V/V） and watered with five levels of arsenic （0,1,2,5,10 mg As/L arsenate）.The results showed that arsenic addition above 1 mg/L significantly reduced percentage of mycorrhizal root *** further analysis a close relationship was established with the vegetative and reproductive properties of lentil （***） plants compared to the percentage bioluminescence of the soil ***,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced arsenic concentration in roots and *** concentrations of arsenic （5,10 mg As/L arsenate） reduced the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase phosphorus content and nitrogen ***,this study showed that increased concentration of arsenic in irrigation water had direct implications to the lentil （***） plants overall *** the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil.

关键词： bioassay contaminated water lentil trace metals vegetative response

Used Equipment——Recognizing the “total cost”

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半导体技术 2004年第4期29卷 25-26页

作者： Gary f.alexander AMCIntl.and Executive Director of SEC/N

Surplus equipment-the international market

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半导体技术 2004年第2期29卷 46-47页

作者： Gary f.alexander AMC Intl. Executive Director of SEC/N

Improving one ’s understanding of the international surplus equipment market requires developinga basic knowledge of both the global market process and standard terminology *** a basic understanding of both, one cann... 详细信息

关键词：国际市场市场需求过剩设备半导体生产设备

Used equipment-standard contract elements

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半导体技术 2004年第6期29卷 36-37页

作者： Gary f. alexander AMC Intl.and Executive Director of SEC/N~

One thing that both the purchase of new and used equipment has in common is the need for a comprehensive purchase agreement. The big difference is that while repetitive purchases of new equipment often only require the modification of one or more sections of a contract, every used equipment transaction and contract is normally different.

关键词：旧设备购买合同合同文本文件标题单号