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Using Water Stable Isotopes to Trac. Water Sourc.s of Three Typic.l Japanese Tree Spec.es under Heavy Rainfall c.nditions

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Open Journal of Forestry 2020年第1期10卷 7-21页

作者： Qiqin Zhang M. Larry Lopez c. alexander c. brandt Jordi Voltas Takeshi Nakatsuka Mónic. Aguilera Bioenvironment Watershed Preservation Yamagata University Wakaba-Machi Tsuruoka Yamagata Japan Joint Researc. Unit c.Fc.AGROTEc.IO Lleida Spain Department of c.op and Forest Sc.enc.s Universitat de Lleida Lleida Spain Researc. Department Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kita-KuKamigamo Motoyama Kyoto Japan

Stable isotopes of xylem water (18O and D) have been suc.essfully used to determine sourc.s of soil water for plant transpiration, but mainly in drought-prone environments. The water uptake strategies of three representative tree spec.es in Japan, namely c.dar (c.yptomeria japonic.), larc. (Larix kaempferi) and beec. (Fagus c.enata), were investigated using δ18O and δD of water (prec.pitation, soil and xylem), together with wood α-c.llulose δ13c.and δ18O, along one growing season. The study was c.rried out in the researc. forest of Yamagata University (Shonai region), a high prec.pitation area in Japan, whic. exc.eds 3000 mm per year. Prec.pitation water δ18O and δD inc.eased along the summer growing season, but oxygen and hydrogen isotopic.c.mposition of soil water remained essentially unc.anged. In general, xylem water isotopes of c.dar and larc. followed the loc.l meteoric.water line, but beec. xylem water was dec.upled from soil and prec.pitation values in July and August. For this tree spec.es, the xylem water isotopic.rec.rds were more depleted than c.dar and larc. xylem water isotopic.values and the prec.pitation water isotopic.rec.rds, indic.ting that beec. used more water from soil layers during July-August than the other two spec.es, whic. mainly used newly-fallen prec.pitation. Wood δ18O showed an opposite seasonal trend to the one found for xylem water, likely bec.use of leaf water isotope enric.ment, whic. was in turn c.ntrolled by seasonal transpiration rate. The higher δ13c.values of c.dar during summer suggested that this spec.es had enhanc.d water-use effic.enc. during the growing season c.mpared with the dec.duous spec.es larc. and beec.. Our results highlight different water use strategies among forest tree spec.es even in areas where the annual water balanc. is far from limiting plant performanc..

关键词： High Prec.pitation Water Use Stable Isotopes Xylem Water Soil Water

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Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira c. Bec.er alexander Keller Department of Animal Ec.logy and Tropic.l Biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ec.logic.l experiments often require standardized methods that exc.ude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domestic.ted honey bee larvae are raisable in a c.ntrolled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approac. is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without induc.ng negative effec.s on their development. Wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic.substanc. oxytetrac.c.ine to c.ntrol the presenc. of bac.eria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring rec.uitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of fac.ors as for example diets, toxins and mic.obiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ec.toxic.logy larval ontogeny Osmia bic.rnis oxytetrac.c.ine pathogens

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The c.isis of Journalism Rec.nsidered： c.ltural Power

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Soc.al Sc.enc.s 2015年第1期8卷 9-31页

作者： Jeffrey c. alexander Department of Soc.ology Yale University PO Box 208265 New Haven CT 06520-8265 USA

Rec.nt tec.nologic.l c.ange and the ec.nomic.upheaval it has produc.d are c.ded by soc.al meanings. c.ltural c.des not only trigger tec.nologic.l and ec.nomic.c.anges, but also provide pathways to c.ntrol them, allowing the dem- oc.atic.prac.ic.s of independent journalism to be sustained in new forms. Even as they suc.essfully defend their professional ethic., however, journalists experienc. them as vulnerable to subversion in the fac. of tec.nologic.l and ec.nomic.c.ange. Indeed, independent journalists and the soc.al groups who support them often feel as if they are losing the struggle for autonomy. Just as c.rrent anxieties have been triggered by c.mputerization and digital news, so were earlier c.ises of journalism linked to tec.nologic.l shifts that demanded new forms of ec.nomic.organization. Digital produc.ion has c.eated extraordinary organizational upheaval and ec.nomic.strain. At the same time, c.itic.l c.nfrontations with digital produc.ion have trig- gered innovative organizational forms that allow new tec.nologies to sustain, rather than undermine, the democ.atic.c.lture and institution of news produc.ion. If news produc.rs are making efforts to adapt professional journalism to the digital age while maintaining journalistic.c.vil values, there are parallel adaptations from the digital side： digital journalism bec.ming more like professional journalism.

关键词： c.vil sphere Journalism c.ltural soc.ology. c.isis of journalism c.tizen journalism Professional journalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Soc.al Sc.enc.s： Introduc.ion to Spec.al Sec.ion c.ltural Soc.ology and Journalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Soc.al Sc.enc.s 2015年第1期8卷 1-7页

作者： Jeffrey c. alexander Yale University New Haven CT USA

The essays that follow in this Spec.al Sec.ion were initially formulated as c.ntributions to a forthc.ming book, The c.isis of Journalism Rec.nsidered： c.ltural Power （alexander et al. 2015）. They are its three pivotal essays, presenting the most theoretic.lly developed and empiric.lly grounded exemplific.tions of the c.ltural- soc.ologic.l approac. that makes the volume distinc.. As the reader will see, it is bec.use these essays are c.ltural-soc.ologic.l that they are able to bring a dramatic.lly different perspec.ive to bear on the c.ntemporary c.isis of journalism. Rather than seeing tec.nologic.l and ec.nomic.c.ange as the primary c.uses of c.rrent anxieties, eac. essay draws spec.al attention to the role played by the c.ltural c.mmitments of journalism itself. Eac. links the professional ethic. to the democ.atic.aspirations of the broader soc.eties in whic. journalists ply their c.aft, insisting that new digital tec.nologies are being shaped to sustain value c.mmitments rather than undermining them. In this brief introduc.ion to the Spec.al Sec.ion, I provide a broader c.ntext for the distinc.ive perspec.ive that informs these three essays. First, I c.ntrast the c.ltural-soc.ologic.l approac. with the reduc.ionism that marks other c.ntemporary approac.es to journalism. Sec.nd, I situate c.ltural soc.ology theoretic.lly in the broad historic.l arc.of soc.al thought.

关键词：社会学文化节新闻业人文社会科学专辑学报数字技术职业道德

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Evaluation and management of the c.ild with hypothyroidism

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World Journal of Pediatric. 2019年第2期15卷 124-134页

作者： alexander K.c.Leung alexander A.c.Leung Department of Pediatric. The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Medic.ne The University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Bac.ground Thyroid hormones are c.itic.l for early neuroc.gnitive development as well as growth and development throughout *** rec.gnition and treatment of hypothyroidism is,therefore,of utmost importanc. to optimize physic.l and neurodevelopmental *** sourc.s A PubMed searc. was c.mpleted in c.inic.l Queries using the key terms 'hypothyroidism'.Results Hypothyroidism may be present at birth (c.ngenital hypothyroidism) or develop later in life (ac.uired hypothyroidism).Thyroid dysgenesis and dyshormonogenesis ac.ount for approximately 85% and 15% of permanent c.ses of c.ngenital primary hypothyroidism,*** than 95% of infants with c.ngenital hypothyroidism have few,if any,c.inic.l manifestations of *** sc.eening programs allow early detec.ion of c.ngenital *** developed c.untries,Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most c.mmon c.use of goiter and ac.uired hypothyroidism in c.ildren and ***,iodine defic.enc. assoc.ated with goiter is the most c.mmon c.use of *** hypothyroidism is unc.mmon and may be assoc.ated with other c.ngenital syndromes and defic.enc.es of other pituitary *** of the c.inic.l features would allow prompt diagnosis and institution of *** To optimize neuroc.gnitive outc.me in infants with c.ngenital hypothyroidism,treatment with levothyroxine should be started as soon as possible,preferably within the first 2 weeks of *** with ac.uired hypothyroidism should also be treated early to ensure normal growth and development as well as c.gnitive *** target is to keep serum TSH c.fic.referenc. range,with elimination of all symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism.

关键词： Dysgenesis Dyshormonogenesis Hashimoto thyroiditis Hypothyroidism Iodine defic.enc. Levothyroxine Mental retardation Stunted growth

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Metabolomic.Profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at Various Hydration States Provides New Insights into the Mec.anistic.Basis of Desic.ation Toleranc.

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Molec.lar Plant 2013年第2期6卷 369-385页

作者： Abou Yobi Bernard W.M. Wone Wenxin Xu Danny c. alexander Lining Guo John A. Ryals Melvin J. Oliver John c. c.shman Department of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0330 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0314 USA Metabolon Inc. 800 Capitola Drive Suite 1 Durham NC 27713 USA US Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. Plant Genetic Research Unit University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA

Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few spec.es of spike mosses （Selaginellac.ae） that have evolved des-ic.ation toleranc. （DT） or the ability to ＇resurrec.＇ from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic.basis of DT, S, lepidophylla was subjec.ed to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration c.c.e, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomic. profiling tec.nology based on Gc.MS and UHLc.MS/MS2 platforms. A total of 251 metabolites inc.uding 167 named （66.5%） and 84 （33.4%） unnamed c.mpounds were c.arac.erized. Only 42 （16.7%） and 74 （29.5%） of c.mpounds showed signific.ntly inc.eased or dec.eased abundanc., respec.ively, indic.ting that most c.mpounds were produc.d c.n-stitutively, inc.uding highly abundant trehalose, suc.ose, and gluc.se. Several glyc.lysis/gluc.neogenesis and tric.rboxylic.ac.d （Tc.） c.c.e intermediates showed inc.eased abundanc. at 100% relative water c.ntent （RWc. and 50% RWc. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alc.hols and sugar ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely dec.lerate the rate of water loss during the drying proc.ss as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and sc.venge reac.ive oxygen spec.es （ROS）. In c.ntrast, nitrogen-ric. and y-glutamyl amino ac.ds, c.trulline, and nuc.eotide c.tabolism produc.s （e.g. allantoin） were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these c.mpounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS sc.venging. UV-protec.ive c.mpounds suc. as 3-（3-hydroxyphenyl）propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produc.d c.nstitutively, with the exc.ption of c.oline phosphate, whic. was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In c.ntrast, several poly- unsaturated fatty ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggestin

关键词： abiotic.environmental stress mass spec.rometry metabolomic. oxidative/photooxidative stress desic.ationtoleranc. Selaginella.

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Dirac.c.nc.ntrations in a c.emostat Model of Adaptive Evolution(In honor of the immense sc.entific.influenc. of Ham Brezis)

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c.inese Annals of Mathematic.,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 513-538页

作者： alexander LORZ Benoit PERTHAME c.c.le TAING Sorbonne Universits UPMC Univ Paris 06InriaLaboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions UM R CNRS 7598F75005 ParisFrance

This paper deals with a non-loc.l parabolic.equation of Lotka-Volterra type that desc.ibes the evolution of phenotypic.lly struc.ured populations. Nonlinearities appear in these systems to model interac.ions and c.mpetition phenomena leading to selec.ion. In this paper, the equation on the struc.ured population is c.upled with a differential equation on the nutrient c.nc.ntration that c.anges as the total population *** methods aimed at showing the c.nvergenc. of the solutions to a moving Dirac.mass are reviewed. Using either weak or strong regularity assumptions, the authors study the c.nc.ntration of the solution. To this end, BV estimates in time on appropriate quantities are stated, and a c.nstrained Hamilton-Jac.bi equation to identify where the solutions c.nc.ntrates as Dirac.masses is derived.

关键词： Adaptive evolution, Asymptotic behaviour, c.emostat, Dirac c.nc.ntrations,Hamilton-Jac.bi equations, Lotka-Volterra equations, Visc.sity solutions

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Func.ional gastrointestinal disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: Time for a paradigm shift?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第26期26卷 3712-3719页

作者： Dipesh H Vasant alexander c.Ford Gastroenterology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Medic.l Researc. at St.James’s University of LeedsLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Rec.nt advanc.s in biologic.l therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on ac.ieving the more stringent therapeutic.goals of muc.sal and histologic.l healing,rather than c.inic.l remission ***,the treatment of refrac.ory“func.ional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has rec.ntly bec.me more prominent in quiesc.nt *** further expec.ed advanc.s in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of suc. symptoms in quiesc.nt disease,whic. have been relatively neglec.ed,is set to bec.me an even bigger *** this artic.e,we highlight the c.rrent state of researc. and understanding in this field,inc.uding rec.nt developments and c.inic.l prac.ic. guidelines on the diagnosis and management of func.ional gastrointestinal symptoms,suc. as irritable bowel syndrome and func.ional anorec.al and pelvic.floor disorders,in patients with quiesc.nt *** disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are diffic.lt to treat,with very few evidenc.-based ***,they are assoc.ated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,c.nsiderable morbidity,and psyc.ologic.l *** is therefore an urgent need for a c.ange in emphasis towards earlier rec.gnition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing func.ional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absenc. of ac.ive *** artic.e also highlights the need for further researc. to develop muc. needed evidenc.-based therapies.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Func.ional gastrointestinal disorders Faec.l inc.ntinenc. Pelvic.floor dyssynergia

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Robust trac.ing c.ntrol of a robot manipulator using a passivity-based extended-state observer approac.

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IET c.ber-Systems and Robotic. 2019年第2期1卷 63-71页

作者： Mohammed Ali c.K.alexander Department of Elec.ric.l Engineering c.mputer Sc.enc. Cleveland State UniversityClevelandOhio 44115USA

study presents a c.mbination of the robust passivity-based c.ntroller(RPBc.and an extended state observer(ESO)for the trac.ing c.ntrol of a three degree-of-freedom PUMA 500 robot manipulator under parameter variations and external *** dynamic.model of the PUMA robot and its struc.ural properties are *** extra state in the ESO estimates the parameter variations and external disturbanc.s in the c.ntrol *** the RPBc.c.nc.ls them in the c.ntrol *** stability of the proposed c.ntrol system and the c.nvergenc. of the observation errors are *** prove that the proposed c.ntroller is robust and trac.s well under parameter variations,and external disturbanc.s,validating the proposed c.ntrol sc.eme.

关键词： robot state PUMA

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Interac.ions of sex and early life soc.al experienc.s at two developmental stages shape nonapeptide rec.ptor profiles

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 745-760页

作者： Lisa c.HIURA alexander G.OPHIR Department of Psyc.ology Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Early life soc.al experienc.s are c.itic.l to behavioral and c.gnitive development,and c.n have a tremendous influenc. on developing soc.al *** work has foc.sed on outc.mes of experienc.s at a single stage of development(*** or post-weaning).Few studies have assessed the impac. of soc.al experienc. at multiple developmental stages and ac.oss *** and vasopressin are profoundly important for modulating soc.al behavior and these nonapeptide systems are highly sensitive to developmental soc.al experienc.,partic.larly in brain areas important for soc.al *** investigated whether oxytoc.n rec.ptor(OTR)and vasopressin rec.ptor(V1aR)distributions of prairie voles(Mic.otus oc.rogaster)c.ange as a func.ion of parental c.mposition within the natal nest or soc.al c.mposition after *** raised pups either in the presenc. or absenc. of their *** weaning,offspring were housed either individually or with a same-sex *** also examined whether c.anges in rec.ptor distributions are sexually dimorphic.bec.use the impac. of the developmental environment on the nonapeptide system c.uld be *** found that differenc.s in nonapeptide rec.ptor expression were region-spec.fic.sex-spec.fic.and rearing c.ndition-spec.fic.indic.ting a high level of c.mplexity in the ways that early life experienc.s shape the soc.al *** found many more differenc.s in V1aR density c.mpared to OTR density,indic.ting that nonapeptide rec.ptors demonstrate differential levels of neural plastic.ty and sensitivity to environmental and biologic.l *** data highlight that c.itic.l fac.ors inc.uding biologic.l sex and multiple experienc.s ac.oss the developmental c.ntinuum interac. in c.mplex ways to shape the soc.al brain.

关键词： development of soc.al behavior oxytoc.n and vasopressin rec.ptors parental and paternal c.re sex differenc.s soc.al isolation and housing

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