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Spatial heterogeneity of urban soils:the case of the Beijing metropolitan region,China

Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 20-30页

作者： Qizheng Mao Ganlin Huang alexander buyantuev Jianguo Wu Shanghua Luo Keming Ma Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability(CHESS) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE)Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Geography and Planning University at AlbanyState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222USA School of Life Sciences and Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Urban&Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085P.R.China

Introduction:Urban soils are large pools of carbon,nitrogen,and other elements,supporting plant growth,sustaining biogeochemical cycles,and serving as the foundation for maintaining ecosystem function and services of urban green spaces(UGS).Quantifying urban soil properties is essential for assessing urban ecosystem services and detecting *** spatial heterogeneity of urban soil properties,which may change with land use or urbanization,is crucial for understanding urban ecosystem ***:We collected 466 soil composite samples across the Beijing metropolitan region and then analyzed the heterogeneity of soil properties in UGS of Beijing metropolitan region by ANOVA along the urbanization gradient spanning different land ***:Our results show that soil properties vary considerably among land-use types and along the urban-rural *** moisture content,soil organic carbon(SOC),available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen(TN),the ratio of SOC:TN(C/N),Pb,and Cu increased notably from suburbs to the urban core,while soil pH,bulk density,TN,Cr,Ni,and Mn were not significantly different across urbanization *** soil properties,except soil TN,Cu,Cr,Ni,exhibited significant differences between different land *** highest levels of soil nutrients and heavy metals were found in roadsides and residential areas among all the land ***:The spatial heterogeneity of urban soils in the Beijing metropolitan region is mainly attributable to the different land *** nutrient content has increased in UGS due to fertilization and *** of urban soils by heavy metals is due largely to traffic emissions and pollution by industrial and household *** human activities tend to augment urban soil nutrient pools to maximize certain ecosystem services,they may inadvertently compromise these and other services by increasing *** of urban soil spatial heterogeneity in UGS i

关键词： Urbanization Urban green spaces Soil properties Land use Urban ecology Beijing

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Effects of climate change on phenology and primary productivity in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第2期7卷 251-263页

作者： Fang HAN Qing ZHANG alexander buyantuev Jian Ming NIU Peng Tao LIU Xing Hua LI Sarula KANG Jing ZHANG Chang Ming CHANG Yun Peng LI School of Life Sciences Inner Mongolia University Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Sino-US Center for Conservation Energy and Sustainability Science in Inner Mongolia (SUCCESS) Department of Geography and Planning the State University of New York

Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- namics of climate and vegetation phenology in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China using meteorological data （1961-2010） from 11 stations and phenology data （2004-2012） from 6 ecological observation stations. We also estimated the gross primary production for the period of 1982-2009 and found that the annual mean tem- perature increased at a rate of 0.47~C/decade during 1961-2010, with the last 10 years being consistently warmer than the 50 years as an average. The most significant warming occurred in winters. Annual precipitation slightly decreased during the 50-year period, with summer precipitation experiencing the highest drop in the last 10 years, and spring precipitation, a rise. Spatially, annual precipitation increased significantly in the northeastern and eastern central areas next to the typical steppe. From 2004 to 2012, vegetation green-up and senescence date advanced in the study area, shortening the growing season. Consequently, the primary productivity of the desert steppe de- creased along the precipitation gradient from southeast to northwest. Temporally, productivity increased during the period of 1982-1999 and significantly decreased after 2000. Overall, the Last decade witnessed the most dramatic climatic changes that were likely to negatively affect the desert steppe ecosystem. The decreased primary produc- tivity, in particular, decreases ecosystem resilience and impairs the livelihood of local farmers and herdsmen.

关键词： desert steppe green-up gross primary productivity phenology precipitation temperature

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