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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas

Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 alexander KNIEPS 扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the EAST Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable ***, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping transport neutral beam injection stiffness internal transport barrier

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Diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel diseases in a German population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3465-3478页

作者： Elisabeth Blüthner Annalena Dehe Carsten Büning Britta Siegmund Matthias Prager Jochen Maul alexander Krannich Jan Preiß Bertram Wiedenmann Florian Rieder Raneem Khedraki Frank Tacke Andreas Sturm Anja Schirbel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus CharitéMitteCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gastroenterology Vivantes Klinikum im FriedrichshainBerlin 10249Germany Department of Internal Medicine Krankenhaus WaldfriedeBerlin 14163Germany Department of Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases and RheumatologyCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 12203Germany Praxis für Gastroenterologie Berlin Zehlendorf Berlin 14195Germany Gastroenterologie am Bayrischen Platz Berlin 10825Germany Clinical Trial Office Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gastroenterology Diabetology and HepatologyVivantes Klinikum NeuköllnBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteThe Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Internal Medicine DRK Kliniken Berlin WestendBerlin 14050Germany Gastroenterologie im Havelland Straße der EinheitFalkensee 14612Germany

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is key to prevent bowel damage in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Risk factor analyses linked with delayed diagnosis in European IBD patients are scarce and no data in German IBD patients *** To identify risk factors leading to prolonged diagnostic time in a German IBD *** Between 2012 and 2022,430 IBD patients from four Berlin hospitals were enrolled in a prospective study and asked to complete a 16-item questionnaire to determine features of the path leading to IBD *** diagnostic time was defined as the time from symptom onset to consulting a physician(patient waiting time)and from first consultation to IBD diagnosis(physician diagnostic time).Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for each time *** The total diagnostic time was significantly longer in Crohn’s disease(CD)compared to ulcerative colitis(UC)patients(12.0 vs 4.0 mo;P<0.001),mainly due to increased physician diagnostic time(5.5 vs 1.0 mo;P<0.001).In a multivariate analysis,the predominant symptoms diarrhea(P=0.012)and skin lesions(P=0.028)as well as performed gastroscopy(P=0.042)were associated with longer physician diagnostic time in CD *** UC,fever was correlated(P=0.020)with shorter physician diagnostic time,while fatigue(P=0.011)and positive family history(P=0.046)were correlated with longer physician diagnostic *** We demonstrated that CD patients compared to UC are at risk of long diagnostic *** efforts should focus on shortening the diagnostic delay for a better outcome in these patients.

关键词： Diagnostic time Diagnostic delay Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Germany

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Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 alexander KNIEPS Philipp DREWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion *** the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,*** is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak ***,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate *** the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter *** results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

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Leveraging Robust Artificial Intelligence for Mechatronic Product Development—A Literature Review

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International Journal of Intelligence Science 2024年第1期14卷 1-21页

作者： alexander Nüßgen René Degen Marcus Irmer Fabian Richter Cecilia Boström Margot Ruschitzka CAD CAM Center Cologne Institute of Automotive Engineering Cologne (IFK) Faculty of Automotive Systems and Production Cologne University of Applied Science Cologne Germany Division of Electricity Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Mechatronic Product Development Knowledge Management Data Analysis Optimization Human Experts Decision-Making Processes V-Cycle

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Prevalence of Dental Anomalies among Patients Who Report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital’s Orthodontic Clinic

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 103-117页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Daniel K. Sabbah alexander Oti-Achempong Rahman N. Mamah The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: Dental anomalies are variations from the established well-known general anatomy and morphology of the tooth as a result of disturbances during tooth formation. They can be developmental, congenital, or acquired and may be localized to a single tooth or involve systemic conditions. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in patients who report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) dental clinics. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with a sample size of 92 patients aged 18 or older, obtained through convenience sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: The study included 92 patients aged 18 to 72 years, with 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Dental anomalies were observed in 51.1% of participants, with a higher prevalence in females (55.3%). The most common anomalies were diastema (48.3%), impacted teeth (22.0%), dilaceration (11.9%), and peg-shaped lateral teeth (6.8%). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of conducting thorough dental examinations to identify and address dental anomalies, which may have implications for treatment. Early detection and correction of these anomalies are crucial to prevent future complications.

关键词： Dental Anomalies Prevalence Impacted Teeth Dilaceration

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螺栓连接:设备安全背后的守护者

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流程工业 2024年第9期 38-39页

作者： alexander Stark 《PROCESS》德文版

在工厂设备或装置的建设和安装过程中,细节往往起到了决定性的作用。例如,错误的螺栓连接可能会导致昂贵的停工事件和严重的安全事故。如何确保螺栓的装配和维护是按照标准进行的安全操作?本文提供了这些方式以飨读者。

关键词：螺栓连接工厂设备安全操作安全事故守护者

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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An advanced theoretical approach to study super-multiperiod superlattices:theory vs experiments

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第2期45卷 57-66页

作者： alexander Sergeevich Dashkov Semyon Andreevich Khakhulin Dmitrii Alekseevich Shapran Gennadii Fedorovich Glinskii Nikita Andreevich Kostromin alexander Leonidovich Vasiliev Sergey Nikolayevich Yakunin Oleg Sergeevich Komkov Evgeniy Viktorovich Pirogov Maxim Sergeevich Sobolev Leonid Ivanovich Goray Alexei Dmitrievich Bouravleuv Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University"LETI" Saint Petersburg197022Russian Federation Alferov Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg194021RussiaFne deration Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great Saint Petersburg195251Russian Federation Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre“Crystallography and Photonics” Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119333Russian Federation National Research Center‘Kurchatov Institute’ Moscow123182Russian Federation University associated with IA EAEC Saint Petersburg194044Russian Federation Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Saint Petersburg198095Russian Federation Ioffe Institute Saint Petersburg194021Russian Federation

A new theoretical method to study super-multiperiod superlattices has been *** method combines the precision of the 8-band kp-method with the flexibility of the shooting method and the Monte Carlo *** method was applied to examine the finest quality samples of super-multiperiod Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As/GaAs superlattices grown by molecular beam *** express photoreflectance spectroscopy method was utilized to validate the proposed theoretical *** the first time,the accurate theoretical analysis of the energy band diagram of super-multiperiod superlattices with experimental verification has been *** proposed approach highly accurately determines transition peak positions and enables the calculation of the energy band diagram,transition energies,relaxation rates,and gain *** has achieved a remarkably low 5%error compared to the commonly used method,which typically results in a 25%error,and allowed to recover the superlattice *** retrieved intrinsic parameters of the samples aligned with XRD data and growth *** proposed method also accurately predicted the escape of the second energy level for quantum well thicknesses less than 5 nm,as was observed in photoreflectance *** new designs of THz light-emitting devices operating at room temperature were suggested by the developed method.

关键词： super-multiperiod superlattice photoreflectance spectroscopy Kane model kp-method energy band diagram light amplifiers

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An Automated,Highly Selective Reaction Monitoring Instrument Using Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 57-62页

作者： Ann Adele Byars Khushi R.Kompally Emily Mechnick Reilly E.Sonstrom alexander Mikhonin Justin L.Neill Ruth Boetzel James MacGregor Courtney Talicska Jian Li Yizhou Liu BrightSpec Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Pfizer R&D UK Limited Sandwich CT139NJUnited Kingdom Analytical Research and Development Pfizer Research and DevelopmentGrotonConnecticut 06340United States

Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these *** this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring *** interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and *** reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol *** spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction *** the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.

关键词： molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy reaction monitoring reaction kinetics isotopes process analytical technology

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Large-scale error-tolerant programmable interferometer fabricated by femtosecond laser writing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 I0028-I0040页

作者： ILYA KONDRATYEV VERONIKA IVANOVA SUREN FLDZHYAN ARTEM ARGENCHIEV NIKITA KOSTYUCHENKO SERGEY ZHURAVITSKII NIKOLAY SKRYABIN IVAN DYAKONOV MIKHAIL SAYGIN STANISLAV STRAUPE alexander KORNEEV SERGEI KULIK Quantum Technology Centre and Faculty of Physics M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Russian Quantum Center Moscow 121205Russia Laboratory of Quantum Engineering of Light South Ural State UniversityChelyabinsk 454080Russia

We introduce a programmable eight-port interferometer with the recently proposed error-tolerant architecture capable of performing a broad class of *** interferometer has been fabricated with femtosecond laser writing,and it is the largest programmable interferometer of this kind to *** have demonstrated its advantageous error tolerance by showing an operation in a broad wavelength range from 920 to 980 nm,which is particularly relevant for quantum photonics due to efficient photon sources existing in this wavelength *** work highlights the importance of developing novel architectures of programmable photonics for information processing.

关键词： interferometer laser femtosecond

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