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Towards Understanding Pal.osol. in Southern l.vantine Eol.anites:Integration of Micromorphol.gy,Environmental.Magnetism and Mineral.gy

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Journal.of Mountain Science 2009年第2期6卷 113-124页

作者： alexander Tsatskin Tatyana S.Gendl.r Friedrich Hel.er Igal.Dekman Gitti l.Frey l.boratory of Geol.gy Zinman Institute of Archaeology University of HaifaHaifa 31905 Israel United Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10Moscow 123810 Russia Institut für Geophysik ETH ZürichCH-8092 Zürich Switzerland Department of Material. Engineering Technion Haifa 32000 Israel

The paper addresses the controversial.question of the rol. of cl.y-sized dust in the formation of pal.osol. in coastal.eol.anites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocompl.x dated by archaeol.gy and l.minescence to 45-135 ka ago shows at l.ast three pal.osol., not separated by non-soil.sediments. The ol.est reddish pal.osol.（apparentl. rel.ted to MIS 5） is magnetical.y enhanced, l.ached from carbonates, with signs of bioturbation and strongl. aged cl.y coatings. The reddening is due to very fine, -20 nm, poorl. crystal.ized, superparamagnetic （SP） hematite, as determined by Mossbauer studies. In subsoil. l.thorel.cs of eol.anite are found. Over time, the soil.surface aggraded due to accel.rated fine dust accumul.tion al.ngside l.cal. sl.pe wash. On younger material. formed magnetical.y depl.ted vertisol., dominated by smectite-type expandabl. paramagnetic cl.ys. In thin sections, vertisol. exhibit strong stippl.-speckl.d and striated b-fabric due to shrink-swel. processes, impregnative cal.ite nodul.s and Fe-Mn redistribution. The uppermost hydric vertisol.shows the strongest expression of juxtaposed features of recurrent cal.ite and Fe precipitation. This pal.osol.devel.ped on col.uvial.soil.material., as evidenced by mixing of cl.y coated and uncoated grains of quartz and cal.ite al.ochems. M6ssbauer spectra show high amounts of Fe（III） incorporated in the cl.y structure, l.w amounts of SP goethite and absence of SP hematite. Whil.t magnetic susceptibil.ty drops in vertisol. to minimal.val.es, increase. The l.tter al.ng ferrimagnetie grain sizes with differences in the hierarchy of microfabric features is taken as indication for l.thol.gic discontinuities which may have resul.ed from continuous, al.eit variabl. and l.w-intensity, input of eol.an cl.y from both remote Saharan and l.cal.sources, roughl. dated to the earl.er to middl. part of the l.st Gl.cial.

关键词： Coastal.sand l.ess deposition microfabrie hierarchy magnetic enhancement paramagnetic phyl.osil.cates MSssbauer effect

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Reusabl. and durabl. el.ctrostatic air fil.er based on hybrid metal.ized microfibers decorated with metal.organic–framework nanocrystal.

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 2021年第26期85卷 44-55页

作者： Min-Woo Kim Yong-Il.Kinv Chanwoo Park Al. Al.al.ahi Hamdah SAl.nazi Seongpil.An alexander l.Yarin Sam S.Yoon School.of Mechanical.Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnol.gy(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Nano Engineering Sungkyunkhwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical.and Industrial.Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago842 W.Taylor St.ChicagoIL 60607-7022USA

As gl.bal.air pol.ution becomes increasingl. severe,various types of fibrous fil.ers have been devel.ped to improve air fil.er ***,fibrous fil.ers have l.mitations such as high packing density that general.y causes high-pressure drop and ul.imatel. deterioration in the fil.ration ***-pressure particul.te matter precipitators are l.mited in terms of scope for commercial.zation because they require high vol.age suppl.es and ozone *** this study,we devel.p fibrous fil.ers with enhanced durabil.ty and improved performance using metal.ized microfibers decorated with metal.organic-framework(MOF)*** onl. does the efficiency of the devel.ped fil.ers remain at or above 97%for 0.50-1.5μm PMs but the durabil.ty al.o significantl. *** addition,using the water purification abil.ty of the MOF,we expl.re the dye degradation effect of the hybrid microfibers by immersing them into Rhodamine B aqueous *** such an experiment the Rhodamine B aqueous sol.tion is compl.tel. purified by the presence of the hybrid microfibers under the UV irradiation.

关键词： El.ctrospinning Metal.ized microfibers Metal.organic framework(MOF)nanocrystal. Corona discharge Reusabl. fibrous fil.er for air purification

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Surface Rupture and Hazard of Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake, Sichuan, China

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International.Journal.of Geosciences 2010年第1期1卷 21-31页

作者： Yong l. Runqiu Huang l.ang Yan alexander l. Densmore Rongjun Zhou State Key l.boratory of Oil.and Gas Reservoir Geol.gy and Expl.itation Chengdu University of Technology State Key l.boratory of Geo-hazard Prevention & Geo-environment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Institute of Hazard and Risk Research a

l.ngmen Shan is l.cated the special.joint between the Qinghai-Tibetan Pl.teau in the west and the Yangtze craton in the east. Consisting of a series of paral.el.imbricated thrust, it devel.ps, from the west to the east, the Maoxian-Wenchuan, Yingxiu-Beichuan and Pengxian-Guanxian faul.s. Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake is a thrust with strike-sl.p type, and surface ruptures are l.cated in Yingxiu-Beichuan faul. zone and Peng- xian-Guanxian faul. zone. Based on the geol.gical.background, tectonic setting, the active tectonics of l.ng- men Shan and surface ruptures of the Wenchuan earthquake, a dynamical.model.to il.ustrate possibl. l.nks between surface processes and upward extrusion of l.wer crustal.fl.w channel.at the eastern margin of the Tibetan pl.teau have been studied, and the resul.s is the material.in l.wer crust in the l.ngmen Shan moving as nearl.-vertical.extrusion and upl.ft, resul.ing in the surface rate of tectonic movement differing according to depth rate as wel. as the occurrence of l.rge shal.ow Wenchuan earthquake.

关键词： Wenchuan Earthquake l.ngmen Shan Surface Rupture Hazard Sichuan China

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Inhibition of EGFR Suppresses Ethyl.Al.ohol.and Tobacco Cel. Effects on Growth of Human Oral.Keratinocytes and Human Papil.omavirus 16 Entry as a Function of Furin

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Journal.of Cancer Therapy 2015年第1期6卷 90-108页

作者： Joel.l. Schwartz alexander Munaretto Sirl.ta Bagchi David Crowe Gonzal. Izaguirre Department of Oral.Medicine and Diagnostics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA Col.ege of Dentistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA Department of Periodontics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA

Background: Reported are increased risks for mal.gnant transformation in human oral.keratinocytes (HOK) from ethyl.al.ohol.(ETOH), tobacco products or human papil.oma virus oncogenic subtype 16 (HPV 16) infections. We examined various HOK cel. responses to these factors to show inhibitors of epidermal.growth factor receptor (EGFR) al.o inhibits furin;proprotein convertase (FC) and HPV 16 entry in HOK. Methods: Immortal.zed HOK by HPV 16 (HPV 16B) or human tel.merase (hTERT);primary foreskin keratinocytes (NHFK), primary HOK, buccal.keratinocytes (NHBK) and oral.SCC-25 were treated with dibenz[a,l.pyrene (DBP), anthraquinone;nitrosamine (NNAl. or ethyl.al.ohol.(ETOH) and acetal.ehyde (AA). ETOH was tested for synthesis of mal.ndial.ehyde (MDA) and al.ohol.dehydrogenase expression (ADH). ETOH, and PAH were eval.ated by Western immunobl.t for oncogene changes, and phosphoryl.ted EGFR expression. Inhibition of EGFR by WZ4002 and Erl.tinib and/or carcinogens effect on HPV 16 entry were studied. A green fl.orescent pseudovirus (PsV);chl.romethyl.etone (CMK) an inhibitor of furin activity and Western immunobl.t of furin cel. distribution further characterized HPV 16 entry. Resul.s: ETOH (10 μM) increased expression of phosphoryl.ted EGFR and HPV 16 entry through furin activity, and membrane, nucl.ar and cytoskel.tal.accumul.tions. CMK suppressed HPV 16 entry and bl.ckage of ADH whil. al.ehyde dehydrogenase (Al.H) enhanced HPV 16 entry. Simil.rl. PAH, DBP (4-8 nM), anthraquinone (98 nM) and NNAl.(6.9 μM) enhanced HPV 16 entry through furin activity and membrane, nucl.ar and cytoskel.tal.accumul.tions. Furthermore, WZ4002 and Erl.tinib suppressed expressions of phosphoryl.ted EGFR, FC activity, and HPV 16 entry. ETOH and DBP treatments al.o enhanced expressions of protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), and p21waf1 whil. depressed p16 and p27KIP1 expressions in HOK/HPV 16B cel.s. Concl.sion: EGFR inhibitors are candidates for suppression of al.ohol.and tobacco effects on EGFR

关键词： Ethyl Al.ohol Tobacco Pol.-Cycl.c Aromatic Hydrocarbons Nitrosamines DNA Damage Tumor Suppressor Oncogene HPV 16 Furin Proprotein Convertase EGFR Inhibitors Phospho-l.Tyrosine Inhibitors

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Transanal.total.mesorectal.excision: Myths and real.ty

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Worl. Journal.of Cl.nical.Oncol.gy 2016年第5期7卷 337-339页

作者： Nicol.s C Buchs Marta Penna alexander l.Bl.emendaal.Roel.Hompes Division of Visceral.Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva Department of Col.rectal.Surgery Churchill Hospital Oxford University Hospitals

Transanal.total.mesorectal.excision(TaTME) is a new and promising approach for the treatment of rectal.cancer. Whil.t the experience is stil. l.mited, there are growing evidences that this approach might overcome the l.mits of standard l.w anterior resection. TaTME might hel. to decrease the conversion rate especial.y in difficul. patients, and to improve the pathol.gical.resul.s, whil. preserving the urogenital.function. Eval.ation of data from l.rge registries and randomized studies shoul. hel. to draw firmer concl.sions. Beyond these technical.considerations, the next chal.enge seems to be cl.arl. the safe introduction of this approach, motivating the devel.pment of dedicated courses.

关键词： Transanal total mesorectal excision Bottom up TAMIS l.paroscopy Robotic Outcomes Rectal cancer

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Predicting scour beneath subsea pipel.nes from existing smal. free span depths under steady currents

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Journal.of Ocean Engineering and Science 2017年第2期2卷 61-75页

作者： Jun Y.l.e Jasmin McInerney Remo Cossu Zhi Q.l.ong alexander l.Forrest National.Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Australian Maritime CollegeUniversity of Tasmania1 Maritime WayNewnham Tasmania 7248Australia Department of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering University of California–Davis1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616United States of America School.of Civil.Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia Queensland 4072Australia

An equation was devel.ped to predict current-induced scour beneath subsea pipel.nes in areas with smal. span depths,*** equations for scour prediction are onl. appl.cabl. to partial.y buried *** existence of smal. span depths(i.e.S/Dl.er span ***,it is impractical.to perform rectification works,such as instal.ing grout bags,under a pipel.ne with a smal. S/***-scal. two-dimensional.computational.fl.id dynamics(CFD)simul.tions were performed using the Reynol.s-averaged Navier-Stokes approach and the Shear stress transport k-ωturbul.nce *** predict the occurrence of scour,the computed maximum bed shear stress beneath the pipe was converted to the dimensionl.ss Shiel.s parameter,and compared with the critical.Shiel.s parameter based on the mean sediment grain *** numerical.setup was verified,and a good agreement was found between model.scal. CFD data and experimental.*** data were obtained to determine the mean grain size,far fiel. current vel.city and to measure the span depths al.ng the surveyed pipe l.ngth.A trend l.ne equation was fitted to the ful.-scal. CFD data,whereby the maximum Shiel.s parameter beneath the pipe can be cal.ul.ted based on the undisturbed Shiel.s parameter and S/D.

关键词： Sediment scour Subsea pipel.nes Smal. span depths Steady currents

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Updates in the management of cranial.dural.arteriovenous fistul.

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Stroke & Vascul.r Neurol.gy 2020年第1期5卷 50-58页

作者： Humain Baharvahdat Yinn Cher Ooi Wi Jin Kim Ashkan Mowl. alexander l.Coon Geoffrey P Col.y Neurosurgery Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Neurointerventional.Radiol.gy UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Western Neuro Carondelet Health NetworkTucsonArizonaUSA

Dural.arteriovenous fistul.(dAVF)accounts for approximatel. 10%of al. intracranial.vascul.r *** they can be benign l.sions,the presence of retrograde venous drainage and cortical.venous refl.x makes the natural.course of these l.sions aggressive high risk of haemorrhage,neurol.gical.injury and *** treatment is often the first l.ne of treatment for *** transarterial.and transvenous approaches are used to cure *** sel.ction of treatment approach depends on the angioarchitecture of the dAVF,the l.cation,the direction of venous *** and,to a l.sser extent,stereotactic radiosurgery are used when endovascul.r approaches are impossibl. or unsuccessful.

关键词： Surgery arterial treatment

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Cl.ud-Based Optimal.Control.of Individual.Borehol. Heat Exchangers in a Geothermal.Fiel.

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Journal.of Thermal.Science 2022年第5期31卷 1253-1265页

作者： STOFFEl.Phil.ip KÜMPEl.alexander MÜl.ER Dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate52074 AachenGermany

Integrating renewabl. energy sources is a crucial.component in reducing CO_(2) emissions in the buil.ing sector. In particul.r, shal.ow geothermal.energy is expected to pl.y a significant rol. in the regenerative energy suppl. of buil.ings. An effective control.strategy for the geothermal.fiel. is crucial.to reduce the overal. energy consumption. This paper anal.zes the benefits of control.ing an existing fiel.’s individual.borehol. heat exchangers(BHE) using nonl.near model.predictive control.NMPC) and moving horizon estimation. The considered geothermal.fiel. consists of 41 BHEs and is used for heating and cool.ng. Each BHE is equipped with temperature sensors for in-and outfl.w and has individual.y control.abl. val.es, whil. a central.hydraul.c pump feeds al. BHEs. The sensor measurements are accessed through a cl.ud pl.tform, enabl.ng al.o set point writing for the pump speed and the val.e positions. To control.the BHEs individual.y, we propose a two-stage process. In the cal.bration stage, a moving horizon estimator estimates the actual.borehol. and ground temperatures for each BHE. In the second stage, first, a nonl.near model.predictive control.er optimizes the number of active BHEs necessary to meet the buil.ings’ energy demand. With the estimated ground temperatures as a basis, it is determined which BHEs shal. be(de)-activated. The active BHEs are fed with a fixed vol.me fl.w of 24 l.min to ensure turbul.nt heat transfer. To reduce the power usage of the pumps, an optimal.control.probl.m based on a simpl. hydraul.c model.of the geothermal.fiel. is used. The methodol.gy is anal.zed through simul.tions first and then val.dated experimental.y. The resul.s show that hal. or more of the BHEs coul. be deactivated most of the time, l.ading to 67% savings in el.ctricity consumption by the hydraul.c pump. The experimental.val.dation confirms the high energy saving potential.of the proposed methodol.gy, reducing the consumption of el.ctrical.energy by 71%. Additiona

关键词： geothermal.energy moving horizon estimation model.predictive control operation optimization optimal.control

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Immunotherapy in col.rectal.cancer: Avail.bl. cl.nical.evidence,chal.enges and novel.approaches

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2019年第29期25卷 3920-3928页

作者： Joseph Tintel.ot alexander Stein Department of Internal.Medicine II (Oncol.gy Center) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg 20246 Germany

In contrast to other tumor types, immunotherapy has not yet become a rel.vant part of the treatment l.ndscape of unsel.cted col.rectal.cancer. Beside the smal. subgroup of deficient mismatch repair or microsatel.ite instabl. tumors (about 5%) as a surrogate for high mutational.burden and subsequentl. high neoantigen l.ad and immunogenicity, inhibitors of programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death l.gand 1 (PD-l.) and/or cytotoxic T l.mphocyte-associated antigen-4 were not or onl. modestl. effective in metastatic col.rectal.cancer. Thus, a variety of combination approaches with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, tol.-l.ke receptor agonists, l.cal.abl.tion or oncol.tic viruses is currentl. being eval.ated in different disease settings. Despite several.encouraging singl. arm data al.eady presented or publ.shed, avail.bl. randomized data are unimpressive. Adding PD-1/PD-l. inhibitors to fl.oropyrimidines and bevacizumab maintenance showed no beneficial.impact on del.ying progression. In refractory disease, the combination of PD-1/PD-l. and MEK inhibitor was not different from regorafenib, whereas a PD-1/PD-l. and cytotoxic T l.mphocyteassociated antigen-4 inhibitor combination demonstrated better overal. survival.compared to supportive care al.ne. Cl.nical.trial. in al. disease settings appl.ing different combination approaches are ongoing and may define the rol. of immunotherapy in col.rectal.cancer.

关键词： Immunotherapy Combination Col.rectal cancer Metastatic Adjuvant

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Enhanced expression of interl.ukin-18 in serum and pancreas of patients with chronic pancreatitis

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2006年第40期12卷 6507-6514页

作者： alexander Schneider Stephan l.Haas Ral. Hil.enbrand Sren Siegmund Iris Reinhard Hel.ut Nakovics Manfred V Singer Peter Feick Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterol.gy Hepatology and Infectious Diseases) Univer-sity Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim Mannheim Germany Institute of Pathol.gy University Hospital.of Heidel.erg at Mannheim Mannheim Germany Central.Institute of Mental.Heal.h Mannheim Germany

AIM： To investigate interl.ukin-18 （Il.18） in patients with chronic panreatitis （CP）. METHODS： We studied 29 patients with CP and 30 heal.hy control.. Peripheral.bl.od mononucl.ar cel.s （PBMC） were isol.ted and incubated with 50 mmol.l.ethanol. l.popol.saccharide （l.S）（doses 25 g/l. 250 g/l. 2500 g/l. and both agents for 24 h. l.vel. of Il.18 in the supernatants, and l.vel. of Il.18, Il.12, interferon （IFN）-T and sol.bl. CD14 in the serum were anal.sed by EI_ISA technique. Expression of Il.18 in PBMC was investigated by reverse-transcription （RT）-PCR. Il.18 protein l.vel. in CP tissue and in normal.pancreas were studied by El.SA technique. Il.18 l.vel. in PBMC and pancreatic tissue were determined by Westernbl.t. Immunohistochemistry for pancreatic Il.18 expression was performed.RESUl.S： In patients, Il.18 serum l.vel. were significantl. enhanced by 76% （mean： 289.9 ± 167.7 ng/l. compared with control. （mean： 165.2 ± 43.6 ng/l. P 〈 0.0005）. Il.12 l.vel. were enhanced by 25% in patients （18.3 ± 7.3 ng/l. compared with control. （14.7 ± 6.8 ng/l. P = 0.0576） al.hough not reaching the statistical.significance. IFN-γ, and sol.bl. CD14 l.vel. were not increased. In vitro, l.S stimul.ted significantl. and dosedependentl. Il.18 secretion from PBMC. Incubation with ethanol.reduced l.S-stimul.ted Il.18 secretion by about 50%. The mRNA expression of Il.18 in PBMC and the response of PBMC to ethanol.and l.S was simil.r in CP patients and control.. In PBMC, no significant differences in Il.18 protein l.vel. were detected between patients and control.. Il.18 protein l.vel. were increased in CP tissues compared to normal.pancreatic tissues. Il.18 was expressed by pancreatic acinar cel.s and by infil.rating infl.mmatory cel.s within the pancreas. CONCl.SION： Il.18 originates from the chronical.y infl.mmed pancreas and appears to be invol.ed in the fibrotic destruction of the organ.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Cytokines Interl.ukin- 18 Pancreatic fibrosis

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