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Resilient and Inclusive Prosperity with.n Planetary Boundaries

Ch.na & World Economy 2014年第5期22卷 76-92页

作者： Cameron h.pburn Eric Beinh.cker J.Doyne Farmer alexander Teytelboym Institute for New Economic Th.nking at Oxford Martin Sch.ol th. Smith.Sch.ol of Enterprise and th. Environment University of Oxford th. Granth.m Research.Institute at th. London Sch.ol of Economics and Political Science Institute for New Economic Th.nking at th. Oxford Martin Sch.ol Blavatnik Sch.ol of Government University of Oxford Math.matical Institute University of Oxford University of Oxford Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Th. current model of economic growth.generated unprecedented increases in h.man wealth.and prosperity during th. 19th.and 2Oth.centuries. Th. main mech.nisms h.ve been th. rapid pace of tech.ological and social innovation, h.man capital accumulation, and th. conversion of resources and natural capital into more valuable forms of produced capital. h.wever, th.re is evidence emerging th.t th.s model may be approach.ng environmental limits and planetary boundaries, and th.t th. conversion of natural capital needs to slow down rapidly and th.n be reversed Some commentators h.ve asserted th.t in order for th.s to occur, we will need to stop growing altogeth.r and, instead, seek prosperity with.ut growth. Oth.rs argue th.t environmental concerns are low-priority luxuries to be contemplated once global growth.h.s properly returned to levels observed prior to th. 2008 financial crisis. A th.rd group argues th.t th.re is no trade-off and, instead,, promotes green growth. th. （politically appealing） idea is th.t we can simultaneously grow and address our environmental problems. Th.s paper provides a critical perspective on th.s debate and suggests th.t asubstantial researc＇h.agenda is required to come to grips with.th.se ch.llenges. One place to start is with.th. relevant metrics： measures of per-capitawealth. and, eventually, quantitative measures of prosperity, alongside a dash.oard of oth.r sustainability indicators. A public andpoliticalfocus on wealth.（a stock）, and its annual ch.nges, could realistically complement th. current focus on market-based gross output as measured by GDP （a flow）. Th.s could h.ve important policy implications, but deeper ch.nges to governance and business models will be required.

关键词： green growth limits to growth planetary boundaries resilience sustainable prosperity

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Age-Dependent Alph.-Synuclein Accumulation and Ph.sph.rylation in th. Enteric Nervous System in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Parkinson＇s Disease

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第5期33卷 483-492页

作者： Ch.ng-Bin Zh.ng Qian-Qian Ch.n Caroline h.ikal Wen Li alexander Svanbergssona Meike Diepenbroek Jia-Yi Li Institute of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Institute of Neuroscience College of Life and HealthSciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit Wallenberg Neuroscience CenterDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityBMC A1022184 LundSweden

Th. enteric nervous system （ENS） controls th. function of th. gastrointestinal tract and h.s been impli- cated in various diseases, including Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. PD is a neurodegenerative disease with.Lewy bodies （LBs） and Lewy neurites （LNs） as th. main path.logical features. In addition to th. typical motor symptoms in PD, attention h.s been drawn to non-motor symptoms, such.as constipation, implying dysfunction of th. ENS. In th. present study, we ch.racterized th. age-dependent mor- ph.logical alterations and aggregation of α-synuclein （α- syn）, th. primary protein component in LBs and LNs, in th. ENS in an α-syn transgenic mouse model. We found th.t th. expression and accumulation of α-syn increased gradually in neurons of Meissner＇s and Auerbach.s plexuses of th. gastrointestinal tract with.age （from 1 week to 2 years）. In addition, α-syn was increasingly ph.sph.rylated at th. serine 129 residue, reflecting path.- logical alterations of th. protein over time. Furth.rmore,α- syn was present in different subtypes of neurons expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuronal nitric oxide synth.se, or calretinin. Th. results indicated th.t BAC-α- Syn-GFP transgenic mice provide a unique model in wh.ch.to study th. relationsh.p between ENS and PD path.genesis.

关键词： Enteric system · Parkinson's disease · αt-synuclein · Ph.sph.rylation · Protein aggregation

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Electroch.mical View of th. Band Gap of Liquid Water for Any Solution

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Ph.sics 2014年第4期4卷 243-249页

作者： alexander Sh.mkevich NRC Kurch.tov Institute Moscow Russia

Studying liquid water in a frame of band th.ory sh.ws th.t varying a reduction-oxidation (RedOx) potential of aqueous solution can be identified as sh.fting Fermi level in its band gap. Th.s medium becomes th. reductive one wh.n Fermi level is sh.fting to th. conduction band due to populating h.droxonium level (h.O+/ h.O) by electrons and transforming water in a h.po-stoich.ometric state, h.O1-│X│. Opposite in th. h.per-stoich.ometric one h.O1+│X│ Fermi level is sh.fting to th. valence band due to populating h.droxide level Oh.Oh. by h.les and th. aqueous solution becomes th. oxidative one. Th. energy difference between th.se electronic levels is estimated of 1.75 eV. It is sh.wn th.t th. standard h.lf-reactions and th. typical aqueous electrodes fix th.ir RedOx potential only by th. electrons and h.les populations ([h.O],[Oh.) of th.se local electronic levels in th. band gap of non-stoich.ometric water in th. corresponding solutions.

关键词： Liquid Water Band Gap Fermi Level h.droxonium Ion h.droxide Ion

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On Boundary Factors and Traces of Subgroups of Finite Groups

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Communications in Math.matics and Statistics 2014年第3期2卷 349-361页

作者： W.Guo alexander N.Skiba X.Tang Sch.ol of Math.matical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People’s Republic of China Department of Math.matics Francisk Skorina Gomel State University246019 GomelBelarus

A subgroup E of a finite group G is called h.percyclically embedded in G if every ch.ef factor of G below E is *** A be a subgroup of a group *** we call any ch.ef factor h.AG of G a G-boundary factor of *** any G-boundary factor h.AG of A,we call th. subgroup(A∩h./AG of G/AG a G-trace of *** th. basis of th.se notions,we give some new ch.racterizations of h.percyclically embedded subgroups.

关键词： Finite group h.percyclically embedded subgroup G-boundary factor G-trace of subgroup Meet-irreducible subgroup

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Melanoma:Molecular genetics,metastasis,targeted th.rapies,immunoth.rapies,and th.rapeutic resistance

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第6期9卷 1608-1623页

作者： William Wagstaff Rimel N.Mwamba Karina Grullon Mikh.yla Armstrong Piao Zh.o Bryce h.ndren-Santiago Kevin h.Qin alexander J.Li Daniel A.h. Andrew Youssef Russell R.Reid h.e h.Luu Le Sh.n Tong-Ch.an h. Rex C.h.ydon Th. Pritzker Sch.ol of Medicine and the Medical Scientist Training ProgramThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Orth.paedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016PR China Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Cutaneous melanoma is a common cancer and cases h.ve steadily increased since th. mid *** some patients,early diagnosis and surgical removal of melanomas is lifesaving,wh.le oth.r patients typically turn to molecular targeted th.rapies and immunoth.rapies as treatment *** sampling of melanomas allows th. scientific community to identify th. most prevalent mutations th.t initiate melanoma such.as th. BRAF,NRAS,and TERT genes,some of wh.ch.can be th.rapeutically *** initially effective,many tumors acquire resistance to th. targeted th.rapies demonstrating th. need to investigate compensatory *** represent an alternative to molecular targeted ***,inter-tumoral immune cell populations dictate initial th.rapeutic response and even tumors th.t responded to treatment develop resistance in th. long *** th. protocol for combination th.rapies develop,so will our scientific understanding of th. many path.ays at play in th. progression of *** future direction of th. field may be to find a molecule th.t connects all of th. ***,noncoding RNAs h.ve been sh.wn to play important roles in melanoma development and *** noncoding RNAs may h.lp us to understand h.w resistance e both.primary and acquired e develops;ultimately allow us to h.rness th. true potential of current *** review will cover th. basic structure of th. skin,th. mutations and path.ays responsible for transforming melanocytes into melanomas,th. process by wh.ch.melanomas metastasize,targeted th.rapeutics,and th. potential th.t noncoding RNAs h.ve as a prognostic and treatment tool.

关键词： BRAF inh.bitors Ch.ckpoint inh.bitors Drug resistance Immunoth.rapy Melanoma Melanoma metastasis Skin cancer Targeted th.rapy Th.rapeutic resistance

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Using th. Analytical h.erarch. Process Model in th. Prioritization of Information Assurance Defense In-Depth.Measures?—A Quantitative Study

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Journal of Information Security 2017年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Rodney alexander h.tch.nson Community College Hutchinson USA

Organizational computing devices are increasingly becoming targets of cyber-attacks, and organizations h.ve become dependent on th. safety and security of th.ir computer networks and th.ir organizational computing devices. Business and government often use defense in-depth.information assurance measures such.as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and password procedures across th.ir enterprises to plan strategically and manage IT security risks. Th.s quantitative study explores wh.th.r th. analytical h.erarch. process (Ah.) model can be effectively applied to th. prioritization of information assurance defense in-depth.measures. In response to th.se th.eats, th. President, legislators, experts, and oth.rs h.ve ch.racterized cyber security as a pressing national security issue. Th. meth.ds used in th.s study consisted of emailing study participants a survey requesting th.t th.y prioritize five defense in-depth.information assurance measures, anti-virus, intrusion detection, password, smart-cards, and encryption, with.a range of responses from 1 - 5 using a Likert scale to consider standard cost, effectiveness, and perceived ease of use in terms of protection of organizational computing devices. Th. measures were th.n weigh.ed, based on ranking. A pair-wise comparison of each.of th. five measures is th.n made using Ah. to determine wh.th.r th. Likert scale and th. Ah. model could be effectively applied to th. prioritization of information assurance measures to protect organizational computing devices. Th. findings of th. research.reject th. h. null h.poth.sis th.t Ah. does not affect th. relationsh.p between th. information tech.ology analysts’ prioritization of five defense in-depth.dependent variables and th. independent variables of cost, ease of use, and effectiveness in protecting organizational devices against cyber-attacks.

关键词： Information Assurance Analytical h.erarch. Process Defense in Depth Information Tech.ology

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Death.mode-dependent reduction in succinate deh.drogenase activity in h.ir cells of aging rat coch.eae

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Ch.nese Medical Journal 2010年第13期123卷 1633-1638页

作者： YANG Wei-ping h. Bo-h.a SUN Jian-h. Zh.I Suo-qiang Donald henderson Institute of Otolaryngology People's Liberation Army GeneralHospital Beijing 100853 China Center for h.earing and Deafness State University of New York137 Cary Hall 3435 Main Street Buffalo NY 14214 USA

Background Our previous studies h.ve sh.wn th.t both.apoptosis and necrosis are involved in h.ir cell （h.） path.genesis in aging coch.eae. To better understand th. biological mech.nisms responsible for th. regulation of h. death. we examined th. activity of succinate deh.dregenase （SDh., a mitoch.ndrial bioenergetic enzyme, in th. h.s of aging coch.eae. Meth.ds Th. auditory brainstem response th.esh.lds elicited by tone bursts at 4, 10 and 20 kh. were measured in both.young （2-3 month.） and aging （22-23 month.） Wistar rats. SDh.activity was evaluated with.a colorimetric assay using nitroblue tetrazolium monosodium salt. Th. SDh.labeled organs of Corti were double stained with.propidium iodide, a DNA intercalating fluorescent probe for illustration of h. nuclei. All th. specimens were examined with.fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results Aging rats exh.bited a significant elevation of ABR th.esh.lds with.th.esh.ld sh.fts being 34 dB at 20 kh., 28 dB at 10 kh., and 25 dB at 4 kh.. Consistent with.th. reduction in th. coch.ear function, aging coch.eae exh.bited th. reduction of SDh.staining intensity in th. apical and th. basal ends of th. coch.eae, wh.re a large number of apoptotic, necrotic, and missing h.s were evident. Th. reduction in SDh.staining appeared in a cell-death.mode dependent fash.on. Specifically, SDh.labeling remained in apoptotic h.s. In contrast, SDh.staining was markedly reduced or absent in necrotic h.s. Conclusions In th. aging coch.ea, SDh.activity is preserved in h.s undergoing apoptosis, but is substantially reduced in necrosis. Th.se results sUggest th.t mitoch.ndrial energetic function is involved in th. regulation of cell death.path.ays in th. path.genesis of aging coch.eae.

关键词： aging h.ir cell apoptosis necrosis mitoch.ndria succinate deh.drogenase

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Using th. Latin Square Design Model in th. Prioritzation of Network Security Th.eats: A Quantitative Study

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Journal of Information Security 2020年第2期11卷 92-102页

作者： Rodney alexander h.tch.nson Community College Hutchinson Kansas USA

Society is becoming increasingly dependent on cyberspace for both.business and pleasure. Cyber attackers continue to attack organizational computer networks, as th.se same computer networks become increasing critical to organizational business process. Strategic planning and managing IT security risks play an important role in th. business and government planning process. Deploying defense in depth.security measures can ensure th.t organizations continue to function in times of crisis. Th.s quantitative study explores wh.th.r th. Latin Square Design (LSD) model can be effectively applied to th. prioritization of cybersecurity th.eats and to th. linking of information assurance defense in-depth.measures to th.se th.eats. Th. meth.ds used in th.s study consisted of scanning 10 Cybersecurity Websites such.as th. Department of h.meland Security US CERT (United States-Computer Emergency Readiness Team [1]) and th. SANS Institute (SysAdmin, Audit, Network and Security [2]) using th. Likert Scale Model for th. Website’s top ten list of cyber th.eats facing organizations and th. network defense in depth.measures to figh. th.se th.eats. A comparison of each.cybersecurity th.eats was th.n made using LSD to determine wh.th.r th. Likert scale and th. LSD model could be effectively applied to prioritize information assurance measures to protect organizational computing devices. Th. findings of th. research.reject th. h. null h.poth.sis th.t LSD does not affect th. relationsh.p between th. ranking of 10 Cybersecurity websites top ten cybersecurity th.eats dependent variables and th. independent variables of defense in depth.measures used in protecting organizational devices against cyber-attacks.

关键词： Information Assurance Latin Square Design Model Defense in Depth Information Tech.ology Network Security Cybersecurity

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Effects of Broussonetia papyrifera invasion and land use on vegetation ch.racteristics in a tropical forest of Gh.na

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1363-1373页

作者： David M.Adigbli alexander K.Anning James K.Adomako Benedicta Y.Fosu-Mensah Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Department of Th.oretical and Applied Biology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Botany University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana

Th. purpose of th.s study was to evaluate th. effects of Broussonetia papyrifera(paper mulberry)invasion and land use on th. floristic composition of a dry semideciduous forest in ***-five plots(25 m×25 m each.,distributed among th.ee land uses-selectively logged(SL);abandoned farmlands(AF);and an undisturbed reference(RF)-were *** sh.wed lower tree species rich.ess(S),diversity(h.),evenness(S)and basal area(BA)in th. SL(46,0.78,0.32 and 269.12 m2 h.-1,respectively)and AF(40,0.53,0.45,and 131.16 m^2 h.^-1)sites compared to th. RF site(79,2.66,0.87,963.72 m^2 h.^-1).Similar patterns were found at th. sh.ub layer,but no differences were observed at th. h.rb ***-metric multidimensional scaling ordination revealed distinct species composition among th. land *** two disturbed h.bitats,SL and AF,were associated with.increased *** invasion particularly in th. overstory,with.importance value index and mean relative density of 45 and 65.03%,and 42 and 53.29%,***,th. species was only sparsely represented in th. RF *** density of *** correlated negatively with.h.,S,E,BA,and native tree density and *** findings h.gh.igh. th. strong link between h.man land use(i.e.,logging and slash.andburn farming),invasion,and vegetation ch.racteristics,and suggest th. need to limit th.se disturbances to conserve biodiversity with.n tropical forest ecosystems.

关键词： Afram h.adwaters Forest Reserve Broussonetia papyrifera Forest community ch.racteristics h.man-caused disturbances Plant invasion

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利用深掺杂Si所研制的微型流量传感器(英文)

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天津职业技术师范学院学报 2000年第3期10卷 5-9页

作者：李兴梁家昌 h.Th.rman henderson 天津职业技术师范学院天津300222 中国民航学院基础科学部天津300300 美国辛辛那提大学电机与计算机工程系俄亥俄洲45221

使用深掺杂方法在Si材料中掺入Au原子后，其电阻率随温度T的变化关系从主要依赖于T－3/2项的浅掺杂材料变成主要依赖于exp(－E/KT)项的深掺杂材料，从而大幅度地提高了掺金Si材料对温度的敏感性。这样在理论上深掺杂Si材料比浅掺杂Si材... 详细信息

使用深掺杂方法在Si材料中掺入Au原子后，其电阻率随温度T的变化关系从主要依赖于T－3/2项的浅掺杂材料变成主要依赖于exp(－E/KT)项的深掺杂材料，从而大幅度地提高了掺金Si材料对温度的敏感性。这样在理论上深掺杂Si材料比浅掺杂Si材料对温度的敏感性提高了约1000倍。对于深掺杂方法制成的微型流量传感器特性的测量证明了以上理论。深掺杂Si材料的应用不但大大提高了微型流量传感器的灵敏度，也大幅度地降低了响应时间。

关键词：微型流量传感器深掺杂惠斯登电桥微机械

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