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The role of emergency incident type in identifying first responders' health exposure risks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第2期4卷 167-173页

作者： Emily J.Haas Katherine N.Yoon alexa Furek megan Casey Susan m.moore National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(NPPTL) National Institute for Ocupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)PittsburghPA 15236United States National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(NPPTL) National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)MorgantownWV2605United States

Fire-based emergency management service(EmS)personnel are dispatched to various incidents daily,many of which have unique occupational *** fully understand the variability of incident types and how to best pre-pare and respond,an exploration of the *** system of incident types is *** study uses potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as a case example to understand if and how coding categories for incident call types may be updated to improve data standardization and emergency response decision *** received emergency response incident data generated by three fire department computer-aided dispatch(CAD)systems between march and September *** incident was labeled EmS,Fire,or *** the 162,766 incidents,approximately 8.1%(n=13,144)noted potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure within their narrative descriptions of which 86.3%were coded as EmS,9.9%as Fire,and 3.9%as *** assess coding variability across incident types,researchers used the original 3-incident type variable and a new 5-incident type variable reassigned by researchers into EmS,Fire,Other,Hazmat,and motor *** regressions compared differences in potential exposure using the 3-and 5-incident type *** evaluating the 3-incident type variable,those respond-ing to a Fire versus an EmS incident were 84%less likely to be associated with potential exposure to *** the 5-incident type variable,those responding to Fire incidents were 77%less likely to be associated with a potential exposure than those responding to EmS *** in potential exposure between the 3-and 5-incident type models show the need to understand how incident types are *** demonstrates the need for data standardization to accurately categorize incident types to improve emergency preparedness and *** have implications for incident type coding at fire department municipality and national levels.

关键词： Emergencymedical se Firefighter Incident type Surveillance Telecommunicator

A framework to evaluate whether to pool or separate behaviors in a multilayer network

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 101-111页

作者： Annemarie VAN DER mAREL Sanjay PRASHER Chelsea CARmINITO Claire L.O'CONNELL alexa PHILLIPS Bryan m.KLUEVER Elizabeth A.HOBSON Department of Biological Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221USA United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFL32641USA

A multilayer network approach combines different network layers,which are connected by interlayer edges,to create a single mathematical *** networks can contain a variety of information types and represent different aspects of a ***,the process for selecting which information to include is not always *** data on 2 agonistic behaviors in a captive population of monk parakeets(myiopsitta monachus),we developed a framework for investigating how pooling or splitting behaviors at the scale of dyadic relationships(between 2 individuals)affects individual-and group-level social *** designed 2 reference models to test whether randomizing the number of interactions across behavior types results in similar structural patterns as the observed *** the behaviors were correlated,the first reference model suggests that the 2 behaviors convey different information about some social properties and should therefore not be ***,once we controlled for data sparsity,we found that the observed measures corresponded with those from the second reference ***,our initial result may have been due to the unequal frequencies of each ***,our findings support pooling the 2 *** of how selected measurements can be affected by data properties is warranted,but nonetheless our framework disentangles these efforts and as a result can be used for myriad types of behaviors and *** framework will help researchers make informed and data-driven decisions about which behaviors to pool or separate,prior to using the data in subsequent multilayer network analyses.

关键词： behavioral interactions monk parakeet myiopsitta monachus network analysis social context social relationships

ImITATIO alexaNDRI–THE ImAGE OF DRUSUS mINOR ON BRASS TOKENS OF THE müNZKABINETT,STAATLICHE mUSEEN ZU BERLIN

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2016年第1期31卷 85-122页

作者： alexa Kuter munzkabinett Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

State of research： characteristics, function, and dating of Roman brass tokens Tokens （tesserae） formed part of everyday material culture of both Greeks and Romans.1 made of wood, bone, clay, or metal, they facilitated, for example, entry into the theatre, identification of soldiers, participation in political meetings, or the receipt of a special amount of grain.2

关键词：令牌亚历山大黄铜模仿形象柏林组成部分物质文化

Renal hyperfi ltration related to diabetes mellitus and obesity in human disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2012年第1期3卷 1-6页

作者： alexa N Sasson David ZI Cherney Division of Nephrology University Health Network University of Toronto Ontario M5G 2N2 Canada

High intraglomerular pressure is associated with renal hyperf iltration, leading to the initiation and progression of kidney disease in experimental models of diabetes mellitus (Dm). In humans, hyperf iltration is observed in patients with type 1 and type 2 Dm, and is also seen in patients with pre-diabetic conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome. From a mechanistic perspective, both vascular and tubular factors likely contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperf iltration. Until now, human studies have primarily focused on the use of medications that inhibit the renin angiotensin system to reduce efferent vasoconstriction and thereby improve hyperfiltration. more recent advances in the development of investigational adenosine antagonists and inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransport may help to elucidate tubular factors that contribute to afferent vasodilatation. In this review, we summarize available data from experimental and human studies of type 1 and type 2 Dm and obesity to provide an overview of factors that contribute to the hyperf iltration state. We have focused on the renin angiotensin system, cyclooxygenase-2 system, nitric oxide, protein kinase C and endothelin as vascular determinants of hyperfiltration. We also dis-cuss relevant tubular factors, since experimental models have suggested that inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransport may be renoprotective.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus metabolic syndrome Hy- perf iltration Glomerular f iltration rate

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白求恩漂泊的军事之旅

中华医史杂志 2000年第2期30卷 93-97页

作者： alexa.,A 姜成华 m.D. 4304 Dula Street Ducham NC. 27705

198 2年我访问中国时 ,获知白求恩———一名加拿大人的军医生涯。第一次世界大战中 ,白求恩在盟军中担任救护队担架员 ,后成为一名军医。他作为军医还参加了西班牙内战。他死于中国 ,当时他在延安参加毛泽东领导的八路军 ,抵御日军的... 详细信息

198 2年我访问中国时 ,获知白求恩———一名加拿大人的军医生涯。第一次世界大战中 ,白求恩在盟军中担任救护队担架员 ,后成为一名军医。他作为军医还参加了西班牙内战。他死于中国 ,当时他在延安参加毛泽东领导的八路军 ,抵御日军的侵略。白求恩是战地输血应用的先驱。他作为军医和烈士记录在中国军史年鉴中 ,并被誉为野战外科的创始人、导师和革新者。

关键词：白求恩军医加拿大中国延安军事之旅

Cyclophosphamide induces an early wave of acrolein-independent apoptosis in the urothelium

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第8期4卷 9-14页

作者： Francis m. Hughes alexa G. Corn Andrew R. Nimmich Jeffery D. Pratt-Thomas J. Todd Purves Department of Urology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) affects a significant number of patients undergoing cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy despite treatment with 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) to inactivate the metabolite acrolein. While the mechanism is unknown, there is clearly acrolein-independent damage to the urothelium. In this study we have explored the induction of apoptosis in the urothelium as a marker of damage and the mechanism underlying the acrolein-independent apoptosis. Two waves of apoptosis (measured as caspase-3/7 activity and Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) cleavage) were detected following CP administration, one peaking at 2 h and a second at 48 h. The first wave was not blocked by mesna, indicating it was independent of acrolein. Caspase-1 was also active at 2 h and activation of caspase-3/7 was blocked by a caspase-1 inhibitor, but not an IL-1 receptor antagonist, suggesting the direct activation of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1 without the need for IL-1 as an intermediate. Our results indicate that CP initiates an early, acrolein-independent wave of apoptosis that results from direct cleavage of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1.

关键词： Cystitis Cyclophosphamide Apoptosis Bladder Urothelium

The redshift distribution of BL Lacs and FSRQs

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第1期19卷 131-140页

作者： David Garofalo Chandra B.Singh Dylan T.Walsh Damian J.Christian Andrew m.Jones alexa Zack Brandt Webster matthew I.Kim Department of Physics Kennesaw State University The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Department of Physics & Astronomy California State University Boise State University Computational Science & Engineering

Flat spectrum radio quasars(FSRQs) and BL Lacertae objects(BL Lacs) are powerful jet producing active galactic nuclei associated with supermassive black holes accreting at high and low Eddington rates, respectively. Based on the millennium Simulation, Gardner & Done have predicted their redshift distribution by appealing to ideas from the spin paradigm in a way that exposes a need for a deeper discussion on three interrelated issues:(1) an overprediction of BL Lacs compared to FSRQs;(2) a difference in FSRQ and BL Lac distributions;(3) a need for powerful but different jets at separated cosmic times. Beginning with Gardner & Done's determination of Fermi observable FSRQs based on the distribution of thermal accretion across cosmic time from the millennium Simulation, we connect FSRQs to BL Lacs by way of the gap paradigm for black hole accretion and jet formation to address the above issues in a unified way. We identify a physical constraint in the paradigm for the numbers of BL Lacs that naturally leads to separate peaks in time for different albeit powerful jets. In addition, we both identify as puzzling and ascribe physical significance to a tail end in the BL Lac curve versus redshift that is unseen in the redshift distribution for FSRQs.

关键词： black hole physics BL Lacertae objects:general galaxies:ets gamma-rays:galaxies

Retrospective study on mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms from five European centres

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第39期25卷 5991-6005页

作者： melissa Frizziero Xin Wang Bipasha Chakrabarty alexa Childs Tu V Luong Thomas Walter mohid S Khan meleri morgan Adam Christian mona Elshafie Tahir Shah Annamaria minicozzi Wasat mansoor Tim meyer Angela Lamarca Richard A Hubner Juan W Valle mairéad G mcNamara Department of medical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester M20 4BXUnited Kingdom Department of Analytics and Development The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester M20 4BXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester M20 4BXUnited Kingdom Department of medical Oncology Royal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom UCL Cancer Institute University College LondonLondon WC1E 6AGUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology Royal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology and medical Oncology Edouard Herriot HospitalHospices Civils de LyonLyon 69003France Department of Gastroenterology Cardiff and Vale University Health BoardUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiff CF14 4XWUnited Kingdom Department of Cellular Pathology Cardiff and Vale University Health BoardUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiff CF14 4XWUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B15 2THUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B15 2THUnited Kingdom Department of Surgical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester M20 4BXUnited Kingdom Division of Cancer Sciences University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm(miNEN)is a rare diagnosis,mainly encountered in the gastro-entero-pancreatic *** is limited knowledge of its epidemiology,prognosis and biology,and the best management for affected patients is still to be *** To investigate clinical-pathological characteristics,treatment modalities and survival outcomes of a retrospective cohort of patients with a diagnosis of *** Consecutive patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of miNEN were identified at 5 European *** data were retrospectively collected from medical *** samples were reviewed to ascertain compliance with the 2017 World Health Organisation definition of *** responses to systemic treatment were assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours ***-meier analysis was applied to estimate survival *** between clinical-pathological characteristics and survival outcomes were explored using Log-rank test for equality of survivors functions(univariate)and Cox-regression analysis(multivariable).RESULTS Sixty-nine consecutive patients identified;median age at diagnosis:64 ***:63.8%.Localised disease(curable):53.6%.Commonest sites of origin:colon-rectum(43.5%)and oesophagus/oesophagogastric junction(15.9%).The neuroendocrine component was;predominant in 58.6%,poorly differentiated in 86.3%,and large cell in 81.25%,of cases *** distant metastases analysed(73.4%)were occupied only by a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine ***-four percent of patients with localised disease underwent curative surgery;53%also received perioperative treatment,most often in line with protocols for adenocarcinomas from the same sites of *** was offered to most patients(68.1%)with advanced disease,and followed protocols for pure neuroendocrine carcinomas or adenocarcinomas in equal *** localised cases,median recurre

关键词： mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm 2017 World Health Organisation classification mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma Gastro-enteropancreatic tract Digestive system Neuroendocrine neoplasms Survival outcomes

Efficient Solvent-Free Preparation of Imines, and Their Subsequent Oxidation with <i>m</i>-CPBA to Afford Oxaziridines

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2019年第4期9卷 143-154页

作者： Luis álvarez-Santamaría Eusebio Juaristi alexa Berenice Arroyo-Colín Jorge Palma-Flores Fanny Araceli Cabrera-Rivera Jaime Escalante Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Ciudad de México México El Colegio Nacional Luis Gonzáles Obregón 23 Centro Histórico Ciudad de México México

A simple one-pot procedure for the preparation of imines from the corresponding aldehydes and amines, and their subsequent oxidation reaction with m-CPBA to produce synthetically useful oxaziridines is reported. The method is applicable to imines derived from both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and diverse alkyl amines. Short reaction times, essentially quantitative yields, very mild reaction conditions, and easy purification are the main features of the procedure reported herein.

关键词： Solvent-Free Reaction Imines Oxaziridines Oxidation Reaction m-CPBA