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The adaptive value of increasing pulse repetition rate during hunting by echolocating bats

Frontiers in Biology 2013年第2期8卷 198-215页

作者： Philip H.-S. jen Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

During hunting, bats of suborder Microchiropetra emit intense ultrasonic pulses and analyze the weak.returning echoes with their highly developed auditory system to extract the information about insects or obstacles. These bats progressively shorten the duration, lower the frequency, decrease the intensity and increase the repetition rate of emitted pulses as they search, approach, and finally intercept insects or negotiate obstacles. This dynamic variation in multiple parameters of emitted pulses predicts that analysis of an echo parameter by the bat would be inevitably affected by other co-varying echo parameters. The progressive increase in the pulse repetition rate throughout the entire course of hunting would presumably enable the bat to extract maximal information from the increasing number of echoes about the rapid changes in the target or obstacle position for successful hunting. However, the increase in pulse repetition rate may mak. it difficult to produce intense short pulse at high repetition rate at the end of long-held breath. The increase in pulse repetition rate may also mak. it difficult to produce high frequency pulse due to the inability of the bat laryngeal muscles to reach its full extent of each contraction and relaxation cycle at a high repetition rate. In addition, the increase in pulse repetition rate increases the minimum threshold （i.e. decrease auditory sensitivity） and the response latency of auditory neurons. In spite of these seemingly physiological disadvantages in pulse emission and auditory sensitivity, these bats do progressively increase pulse repetition rate throughout a target approaching sequence. Then, what is the adaptive value of increasing pulse repetition rate during echolocation？ What are the underlying mechanisms for obtaining maximal information about the target features during increasing pulse repetition rate？ This article reviews the electrophysiological studies of the effect of pulse repetition rate on multiple- para

关键词： bat echolocation inferior colliculus multiple-parametric selectivity pulse repetition rate

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Abnormal liver function and central obesity associate with work.related fatigue among the Taiwan Residents work.rs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第42期14卷 6541-6545页

作者： yu-Cheng Lin Jong-Dar Chen Chao-jen Chen Department of Occupational Medicine Tao- Yuan General Hospital Tao-Yuan 330 Taiwan Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene College of Public Health National Taiwan University No. 17 Xu-Zhou Road Taipei 100 Taiwan China Department of Family Medicine and Center for Environmental and Occupational Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University Taipei 111 Taiwan China Department of Family Medicine Tao-Yuan General Hospital Tao-Yuan 330 Taiwan China

AIM: To examine the associations between objective health indicators and high need for recovery (NFR) after work. one of the subjective presentations of work.related-fatigue, among apparently healthy work.rs in modern work.laces. METHODS: From October to December, 2007, an annual health examination was performed for the work.rs from an electronics manufacturing factory in Taiwan. Health records of 1216 work.rs with a relatively homogeneous socioeconomic status were used for analysis. The health check.ps included personal and NFR scale questionnaires, physical examinations, blood tests for biochemistry and hematology. The work.rs within the top tertile NFR score were defi ned as high-NFR work.rs. RESULTS: After adjusted for potential confounders, the work.rs with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and central obesity had a significantly higher NFR after work. with increased risk. of 1.4-fold [95% confi dence interval (CI) = 1.01-2.0] and 1.8-fold (95% CI = 1.2-2.7), respectively. Shiftwork.rs had a 2.0-fold (95% CI = 1.5-2.6) increased risk.for high-NFR. The associations between high-NFR and lipid profi les, blood sugar, hematology indexes or blood pressure were insignifi cant after controlling for ***: For apparently healthy work.rs, high NFR after work.is not simply a subjective experience. Objective health measures, such as elevated ALT and increased waist circumference, should be carefully evaluated for the apparently healthy work.rs having a higher NFR after work.

关键词： Liver enzyme Need for recovery afterwork Obesity Work.related fatigue

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Impact of greenhouse whitefly management on strawberry fruit quality

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 151-156页

作者： JIAN-LONG BI SHU-jen TUAN NICk.C. TOSCANO Department of Entomology University of California Riverside California USA

The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood）, is an important pest of strawberries in California, USA. The adults and nymphs feed on phloem sap of leaves to remove the photo-assimilates. The objective of this study is to test the impact of whitefly management with insecticides on strawberry fruit quality. Applications of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen decreased the mean adult whitefly numbers by 2.80-, 2.17-, 1.69- and 1.39-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated control, Similarly, the mean numbers of first and second instar whiteflies were reduced 4.36-, 2.20-, 1.90- and 2.02-fold, respectively, while the mean numbers of third and fourth instars were reduced 5.48-, 2.28-, 2.71- and 1.43-fold, respectively, in plants treated with imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen. The mean soluble solids content in imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen treatments was 1.04-, 1.06-, 1.03- and 1.04-fold greater, respectively, than that in the control. The whitefly reduction enhanced the mean fruit titratable acidity by 4%-6%. Mean glucose levels in imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments were significantly higher than in other treatments. However, the whitefly management did not affect the mean fructose levels, lmidacloprid, thiamethoxam and pyriproxyfen treatments boosted the ascorbic acid levels by up to 4%. The impact of whitefly management on strawberry fruit nutrition and antioxidant capacity is discussed.

关键词： ascorbic acid insecticides soluble solids content strawberries titratableacidity soluble sugars Trialeurodes vaporariorum

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Atomic Structure of Cu49Hf42Al9 Metallic Glass with High Glass-Forming Ability and Plasticity

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第7期32卷 803-807页

作者： k.i Li yu-jen Chou Fang-Liang Gao Guo-Qiang Li State k.y Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Engineering Research Center on Solid-State Lighting and Its Informationisation of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Department of Electronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OXI 3PH UK

Electron diffraction was used to study the local atomic structure of Cu49Hf42Al9 metallic glasses (MGs). The amorphous nature of the MG was fully retained after the compression test. The partial radial distribution functions (PRDFs) of the MG structure obtained from the atomic model using reverse Monte Carlo and density functional theory optimization display that the peak. of the first nearest-neighbour distances for Cu-Cu, Hf-Cu and Hf-Hf atomic pairs were located at 2.56 A, 2.78 A and 3.23 A, respectively. The wide distribution of PRDF for Hf-Hf atomic pair explained the high plasticity of the material.

关键词： Metallic glass Radial distribution function Electron diffraction Density functional theory Atomic structure

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Orthogonal Stack.d Spectral Coding Labels for Fast Pack.ts Routing over Optical MPLS Network

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第2期13卷 130-134页

作者： k.i-Sheng Chen Chao-Chin yang jen-Fa Huang Institute of Computer and Communications Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Chen-Kung University Department of Electro-Optical Engineering Kun Shan University

Multi-protocol label switching（MPLS） has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data pack.ts routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is proposed. We construct a code family for spectral-amplitude coding（SAC） labels in the optical MPLS network.. SAC labels are suitable for optical pack.t switching because they can be constructed and recognized quick.y at each router. We use the label stack.ng to provide hierarchical routing to avoid swapping labels at each forwarding node and reduce system complexity. However, the phase-induced intensity noise（PIIN） appears due to the incoherent property of the light source when the stack.d labels set mak.s the correlation decoding with the local node label,which degrades system performance.

关键词： label hierarchical switching quick.y routing decoding forwarding pack.t matches router

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Feeding methods, sleep arrangement, and infant sleep patterns: a Chinese population-based study

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第1期12卷 66-75页

作者： Xiao-Na Huang Hui-Shan Wang jen-jen Chang Lin-Hong Wang Xi-Cheng Liu Jing-Xiong Jiang Lin An Department of Children Health National Center for Maternal and Children HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social JusticeSt.Louis.MOUSA The National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Bronchoscopy Center Affi liated Children Hospital of Beijing Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Public Health Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina

Back.round:Findings from prior research into the effect of feeding methods on infant sleep are *** objectives of this study were to examine infants'sleep patterns by feeding methods and sleep arrangement from birth to eight months ***:This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 524 pregnant women at 34-41 week. of gestation and their infants after delivery in 2006 and followed up until eight months *** study subjects were recruited from nine women and children hospitals in nine cities in China(Beijing,Chongqing,Wuhan,Changsha,Nanning,Xiamen,Xi'an,Jinan,and Hailin).Participating infants were followed up week.y during the first month and monthly from the second to the eighth month after ***-four hour sleep diaries recording infants'sleeping and feeding methods were administered based on caregiver's *** mixed growth curve models were fi tted to estimate the effects of feeding methods and sleep arrangement on infants'sleep patterns over time,controlling for maternal and paternal age,maternal and paternal education level,household income,supplementation of complementary food,and infant birth weight and ***:Exclusively formula fed infants had the greatest sleep percentage/24 h,followed by exclusively breast milk.fed infants and partially breast milk.fed infants(Pk.ng followed a similar ***,the differences in sleep percentage and night wak.ng frequency between exclusively formula and exclusively breast milk.fed infants weak.ned over time as infants *** addition,compared to infants with bed-sharing sleep arrangement,those with room sharing sleep arrangement had greater daytime and 24-hour infant sleep percentage,whereas those with sleeping alone sleep arrangement had greater nighttime sleep ***:Our data based on caregiver's selfreport suggested that partial breastfeeding and bedsharing may be associated with less sleep in *** care professio

关键词： breast feeding feeding method infant sleep sleep arrangement

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Unusual presentation of cutaneous metastasis from bladder urothelial carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第3期25卷 362-365页

作者： Chin-Pao Chang I-yen Lee Hung-jen Shih Division of Urology Department of Surgery Changhua Christian Hospital

Cutaneous metastases from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder are a rare disease. In previous reports, the most common metastatic cutaneous lesions were non-tender nodules on the abdominal sk.n. We report a patient with bladder urothelial carcinoma with cutaneous metastases initially presenting as right leg and suprapubic lymphedema. Bladder tumor was the incidental finding by magnetic resonance venography. Urothelial carcinoma （clinical stage IV） was diagnosed, and chemotherapy was performed. Extensive painful erythematous plaques with an erysipelas-lik. appearance located on the suprapubic area, chest and abdomen were noted, and cutaneous metastases were confirmed by histopathology. Subsequently, extensive scrotal and prepuce ulcerative changes developed. This paper reports a rare case of extensive cutaneous metastasis of bladder urothelial carcinoma who presented an interesting clinical course.

关键词： Bladder sk.n metastasis lymphedema

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Translocation and distribution of mercury in biomasses from subtropical forest ecosystems:evidence from stable mercury isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第1期40卷 42-50页

作者： yi Liu Che-jen Lin Wei yuan Zhiyun Lu Xinbin Feng State k.y Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry.Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyangChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality Lamar UniversityBeaumontTXUSA College of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina National Forest Ecosystem Research Station AilaoshanYunnanChina

To understand its source,distribution,storage,and translocation in the subtropical forest ecosystems,mercury(Hg)concentrations and stable isotopes in forest biomass tissues(foliage,branch,bark.and trunk.were investigated at Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve,Southwest *** total Hg(THg)concentrations in the samples show the following trend:mature foliage(57±19 ng g-1)>bark.11±4.0 ng g-1)>branch(5.4±2.5 ng g-1)>trunk.1.6±0.7 ng g-1).Using the measured THg concentrations and the quantity of respective biomasses,the Hg pools in the forest are:wood(60±26μg m-2)>bark.51±18μg m-2)>foliage(41±11μg m-2)>branch(26±8.3μg m-2).The tree biomasses displayed negativeδ202Hg(-1.83‰to-3.84‰)andΔ199Hg(-0.18‰to-0.62‰).The observedΔ200Hg(-0.08‰to 0.04‰)is not significantly from zero.AΔ199Hg/Δ201Hg ratio of 1.05 was found in tree biomasses,suggesting that mercury has undergone Hg(Ⅱ)photoreduction processes.A Hg-isotope based binary mixing model suggests that Hg in the tree biomasses mainly originated from foliage uptak. of atmospheric Hg0,constituting 67%,80%,and 77%of Hg in wood,branch,and bark.*** study sheds new light on the transportation and sources of Hg in the subtropical forest ecosystems.

关键词： Hg Subtropical forest ecosystem Hg stable isotope Hg-isotope based binary mixing model

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An Analytical Solution for Wave Transformation Over Axi-Symmetric Topography

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第6期33卷 694-703页

作者： CUONG San Sieu CHANG jen-yi TSAI Chia-Cheng CHOU Wan-Rong aInstitute of Oceanography National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10617China Tainan University of Technology Tainan 71002China Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung 81164China Department of Marine Environment and Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung 80424China Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 701China

The present study considers wave scattering phenomena around a cylindrical island mounted on a general axisymmetric topography or a general submerged truncated axi-symmetric shoal based on the mild-slope equation. The method of separation of variables and Taylor series expansion are invok.d to find the approximate solution to the variable water depth region which varies proportionally to an arbitrary power of radial distance. Validations against the solutions for the combined wave refraction and diffraction around a cylindrical island mounted on a paraboloidal shoal of Liu et al. in 2004 and the scattering and trapping of wave energy by a submerged truncated paraboloidal shoal of Lin and Liu in 2007 show excellent agreements as the power of radial distance being equal to two. For the solutions of wave refraction and diffraction around a cylindrical island mounted on a shoal with depth proportionally to an arbitrary power of radial distance, good agreements with Zhai et al.’s(2013) solutions are demonstrated. Since the robustness of the assumption of a general axi-symmetric geometry based on an arbitrary power variability of the radial distance, the present solution can be very conveniently employed to investigate the effects of bottom topography on wave scattering and trapping patterns.

关键词： general axi-symmetric topography mild-slope equation submerged truncated shoal wave refraction wave diffraction

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Continuous Fabrication of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene-Based Braided Coaxial Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Improved Performance

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第2期14卷 206-215页

作者： Bao Shi La Li Aibing Chen Tien-Chien jen Xinying Liu Guozhen Shen Hebei University of Science and Technology 70 Yuhua RoadShijiazhuang 050018People’s Republic of China State k.y Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences&Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering Science Kingsway CampusUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg 2006South Africa Institute for Development of Energy for African Sustainability University of South AfricaPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa

Zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors(FSCs)are promising energy storages for wearable electronics owing to their high energy density,good flexibility,and ***,it is still a critical challenge to optimize the structure of the designed FSC to improve energy density and realize the continuous fabrication of super-long ***,we propose a braided coaxial zinc-ion hybrid FSC with several meters of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene cathode as core electrodes,and shell zinc fiber anode was braided on the surface of the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene fibers across the solid *** to the simulated results using ANSyS Maxwell software,the braided structures revealed a higher capacitance compared to the spring-lik. *** resulting FSCs exhibited a high areal capacitance of 214 mF cm^(-2),the energy density of 42.8μWh cm^(-2)at 5 mV s^(-1),and excellent cycling stability with 83.58%capacity retention after 5000 *** coaxial FSC was tied several k.nds of k.ots,proving a shape-controllable fiber energy ***,the k.itted FSC showed superior stability and weavability,which can be woven into watch belts or embedded into textiles to power smart watches and LED arrays for a few days.

关键词： Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene Fiber supercapacitor Coaxial structure Zinc-ion

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