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A systematic review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West Africa

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 13-25页

作者： Camillus Abawiera WONGNAA alex Amoah SEYRAM Suresh BABU department of Agricultural Economics Agribusiness and ExtensionKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi00233Ghana International Food Policy Research Institute Washington20005USA

Climate change studies are diverse with no single study giving a comprehensive review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West *** unavailability of an all-inclusive study to serve as a guide for practitioners affects the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies proposed and adopted in the West African *** purpose of this study was to review the impacts of climate change risks on the crop,fishery,and livestock sectors,as well as the climate change adaptation strategies and climate-related policies aimed at helping to build resilient agricultural production systems in West *** review process followed a series of rigorous stages until the final selection of 56 articles published from 2009 to ***,the results highlighted the adverse effects of climate change risks on food *** found a continuous decline in food crop ***,the livestock sector experienced morbidity and mortality,as well as reduction in meat and milk *** fishery sector recorded loss of fingerlings,reduction in fish stocks,and destruction of mariculture and *** West Africa,climate-smart agriculture technologies,physical protection of fishing,and inclusion of gender perspectives in programs appear to be the major adaptation *** study therefore recommends the inclusion of ecosystem and biodiversity restoration,weather insurance,replacement of unsafe vessels,and strengthening gender equality in all climate change mitigation programs,as these will help to secure enough food for present and future generations.

关键词： Climate change Climate extreme events Food security Adaptation strategies Climate-smart agriculture West Africa

Health behavior outcomes in stroke survivors prescribed wearables for atrial fibrillation detection stratified by age

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 323-330页

作者： Joanne Mathew Jordy Mehawej Ziyue Wang Taylor Orwig Eric ding Andreas Filippaios Syed Naeem Edith Mensah Otabil alex Hamel Kamran Noorishirazi IrinaRadu Jane Saczynski david d.McManus Khanh-Van Tran division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolLake Avenue NorthWorcesterUSA department of Internal Medicine Central Michigan UniversityMount PleasantUSA department of Pharmacy and Health Systems Sciences School of PharmacyNortheastern UniversityBostonUSA department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolLake Avenue NorthWorcesterUSA

BACKGROUNd Smartwatches have become readily accessible tools for detecting atrial fibrillation(AF).There remains limited data on how they affect psychosocial outcomes and engagement in older *** examine the health behavior outcomes of stroke survivors prescribed smartwatches for AF detection stratified by *** We analyzed data from the Pulsewatch study,a randomized controlled trial that enrolled patients(≥50 years)with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and CHA2dS2-VASc≥*** participants were equipped with a cardiac patch monitor and a smartwatch-app dyad,while control participants wore the cardiac patch monitor for up to 44 *** evaluated health behavior parameters using standardized tools,including the Consumer Health Activation Index,the Generalized Anxiety disorder questionnaire,the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey,and wear time of participants categorized into three age groups:Group 1(ages 50-60),Group 2(ages 61-69),and Group 3(ages 70-87).We performed statistical analysis using a mixedeffects repeated measures linear regression model to examine differences amongst age *** Comparative analysis between Groups 1,2 and 3 revealed no significant differences in anxiety,patient activation,perception of physical health and wear *** use of smartwatch technology was associated with a decrease in perception of mental health for Group 2 compared to Group 1(β=-3.29,P=0.046).CONCLUSION Stroke survivors demonstrated a willingness to use smartwatches for AF ***,among these study participants,the majority did not experience negative health behavior outcomes or decreased engagement as age increased.

关键词： prescribed stratified wear

A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1578-1589页

作者： alex J.Vernon Sebastian Golat Claire Rigouzzo Eugene A.Lim Francisco J.Rodríguez-Fortuño department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK London Centre for Nanotechnology LondonUK

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum(SAM)when the electric or magnetic field vector rotates over time.A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light’s SAM density using the right-hand rule with reference to the electric and magnetic polarisation *** Maxwell’s equations,this vector equation can be decomposed into a sum of two distinct terms,akin to the well-known Poynting vector decomposition into orbital and spin *** present the first general study of this spin decomposition,showing that the two terms,which we call canonical and Poynting spin,are chiral analogies to the canonical and spin momenta of light in its interaction with *** canonical momentum,canonical spin is directly *** canonical and Poynting spin incorporate spatial variation of the electric and magnetic fields and are influenced by optical *** decomposition allows us to show that a linearly polarised vortex beam,which has no total SAM,can nevertheless exert longitudinal chiral pressure due to equal and opposite canonical and Poynting spins.

关键词： canonical momentum angular

A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： alex E.Mohr david B.Pyne Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite deborah Akins Jamie Pugh College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public *** has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active ***:Four databases(MEdLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active *** intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were *** peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and *** in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 ***:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over *** half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated ***-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied *** risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic supplementation

A Neuro T-Norm Fuzzy Logic Based System

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第8期17卷 638-663页

作者： alex Tserkovny Applied AI Services Brookline USA

In this study, we are first examining well-known approach to improve fuzzy reasoning model (FRM) by use of the genetic-based learning mechanism [1]. Later we propose our alternative way to build FRM, which has significant precision advantages and does not require any adjustment/learning. We put together neuro-fuzzy system (NFS) to connect the set of exemplar input feature vectors (FV) with associated output label (target), both represented by their membership functions (MF). Next unknown FV would be classified by getting upper value of current output MF. After that the fuzzy truths for all MF upper values are maximized and the label of the winner is considered as the class of the input FV. We use the knowledge in the exemplar-label pairs directly with no training. It sets up automatically and then classifies all input FV from the same population as the exemplar FVs. We show that our approach statistically is almost twice as accurate, as well-known genetic-based learning mechanism FRM.

关键词： Neuro-Fuzzy System Neural Network Fuzzy Logic Modus Ponnens Modus Tollens Fuzzy Conditional Inference

Coupled Cu doping and Z-scheme heterojunction for synergistically enhanced tetracycline photodegradation

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5937-5948页

作者： Huidong Shen Chunming Yang Song Hong Leiduan Hao Liang Xu alex W.Robertson Zhenyu Sun Country State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China department of Physics University of WarwickCoventry CV 47ALUK

Semiconductor-based photocatalysis by utilizing solar energy for sustainable organic pollutant elimination has been a promising tactic to alleviate environmental ***,the development of robust and efficient photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants still faces major challenges because of insufficient charge *** we design and fabricate a heterojunction consisting of copper,carbon-modified TiO_(2),and sulfur-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets(i.e.,S-C_(3)N_(4)/Cu/C-TiO_(2)).The heterostructure affords a remarkable synergistic photocatalysis for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation,achieving an 82.6%removal efficiency within 30 min under visible light irradiation,about 15.4 and 7.3 times higher than that of S-C_(3)N_(4)and C-TiO_(2),*** superior performance is attributed to the synergy between Cu doping and the Z-scheme heterojunction,which not only enhances the interfacial electric field effect,facilitating charge separation,but also boosts the redox *** charge carrier transfer between Cu/C-TiO_(2)and S-C_(3)N_(4)follows a Z-scheme,as verified by trapping experiments,electron spin-resonance spectroscopy,and density functional theory ***,the tetracycline hydrochloride degradation pathways are enunciated by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry *** work provides an effective approach for constructing high-performance photocatalysts that have potential in environmental remediation.

关键词： photocatalysis Cu doping Z-scheme heterojunction electrons and holes separation tetracycline degradation

dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems alex Bossers Ruud A.dekker Alfons J.M.Jansman Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression *** differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals *** the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(dEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 dEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 dEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory *** example,genes Cd59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum *** the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality Microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

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应对热电材料人工智能领域的大数据挑战

Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1173-1182页

作者：贾雪 alex Aziz Yusuke Hashimoto 李昊 Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Tohoku Forum for Creativity Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan

人工智能的发展正在改变材料科学领域.然而,大规模材料数据集中存在错误数据以及利用机器学习预测与温度相关的性质时出现过拟合等挑战.本文以热电材料为例,首先采取一系列合理的方法删除问题数据,从Starrydata2数据库中获得包括7295种... 详细信息

人工智能的发展正在改变材料科学领域.然而,大规模材料数据集中存在错误数据以及利用机器学习预测与温度相关的性质时出现过拟合等挑战.本文以热电材料为例,首先采取一系列合理的方法删除问题数据,从Starrydata2数据库中获得包括7295种成分在不同温度下的92,291个数据.然后,提出了一种基于成分的交叉验证方法避免过拟合.进而,使用梯度提升决策树方法构建了机器学习模型,并获得了显著的R2.最后,使用该模型对Materials Project数据库中的材料进行评估,Ge2Te5As2和Ge3(Te3As)2表现出较高的zT值.理论计算得到n型和p型Ge2Te5As2的最大zT值为1.98和2.12,n型和p型Ge3(Te3As)2的最大zT值为0.58和0.74,表明它们是有潜力的热电材料.本工作提出了一个处理和克服材料科学中的人工智能大数据挑战的示例.

关键词：人工智能大数据机器学习过拟合热电材料材料数据数据库温度相关

Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorable Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin Jiang Yingie Hu Fengzhu Li Francis R.Lin alex K-Y.Jen department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precisely customizable attributes of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation between the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cbz2S and Cbz2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flanking thiomethyls by modifying the 4,5-position of carbazole to adjust the Lewis basicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitable energetic alignment,Cbz2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhibited inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of PbI2 crystallites at the buried perovskite *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cbz2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisitely integrating buried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovskite solar cell(PSC)employing Cbz2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied by prolonged *** work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating Lewis-basic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship between the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuable insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assembled monolayer perovskite solar cell hole-selective layer carbazole derivatives defect passivation