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Global parasite and Rattus rodent invasions: The consequences for rodent-borne diseases

Integrative Zoology 2015年第5期10卷 409-423页

作者： Serge MORANd Frédéric BORdES Hsuan-Wien CHEN Julien CLAUdE Jean-François COSSON Maxime GALAN GáborÁCZIRJÁK alex d greenwood Alice LATINNE Johan MICHAUX alexis RIBAS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)-Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le développement(CIRAd)Animal et Gestion Intégrée des Risques Centre d’Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du LaosVientianeLao PDR department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)-Universitéde Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)MontpellierFrance department of Biological Resources National Chiayi UniversityChiayi CityTaiwanChina Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA) Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des PopulationsBaillarguetFrance Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA) UMR Biologie et Immunologie Parasitaire Agence Nationale de SécuritéSanitaire de l’Alimentationde l’Environnement et du Travail sesMaisons-AlfortFrance Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research.department of Wildlife diseases 10315 BerlinGermany Conservation Genetics Unit.University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium Biodiversity Research Group Faculty of ScienceUdon Thani Rajabhat UniversityUdon ThaniThailand

We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism-related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages,originating from Asia,and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent-borne *** play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as“parasite release,”“immunocompetence advantage,”“biotic resistance”and“novel weapon.”Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens,introduced with invasive hosts,into new hosts,potentially leading to novel emerging *** potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by *** both cases,local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks,which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and *** we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities.

关键词： biological invasion immunocompetence parasite release spillback spillover

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王者归来？探索利用基因组编辑技术复活灭绝物种存在的局限性

王者归来？探索利用基因组编辑技术复活灭绝物种存在的局限性

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第十六届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者：林剑青 david duchêne Christian Car?e Oliver Smith Marta Maria Ciucani Jonas Niemann douglas Richmond alex d.greenwood Ross MacPhee 张国捷 Shyam Gopalakrishnan M.Thomas P.Gilbert Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Marine Science Shantou University MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics the GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Section for Evolutionary Genomics the GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Mammalogy/Vertebrate Zoology & AMNH Gilder Graduate School American Museum of Natural History China National Genebank BGI-Shenzhen Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics Section for Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Copenhagen State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Bioinformatics Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) University Museum

物种复活(de-extinction,也称"反灭绝")是受到广泛关注和讨论的热门话题。当前,有三种手段可实现灭绝物种"复活":(1)反向繁育;(2)通过跨物种体细胞核移植进行克隆;(3)利用基因编辑技术对近缘物种进行编辑,以获得尽可能接近灭绝物种的基... 详细信息

物种复活(de-extinction,也称"反灭绝")是受到广泛关注和讨论的热门话题。当前,有三种手段可实现灭绝物种"复活":(1)反向繁育;(2)通过跨物种体细胞核移植进行克隆;(3)利用基因编辑技术对近缘物种进行编辑,以获得尽可能接近灭绝物种的基因组。其中,第三种手段可以适用的物种最多,但其最终应用潜力取决于灭绝物种的基因组能在多大程度上被重建。我们提取了由牛津大学自然历史博物馆提供的两个圣诞岛大鼠标本的皮肤dNA,并进行基因组测序,将测序数据比对到挪威褐鼠(Norway brown rat,Rattus norvegicus)参考基因组上,结果发现,虽然测序平均深度高达60.81×,却仅能覆盖到挪威褐鼠基因组95.15%的区域。我们构建了5个大鼠物种的系统进化树并确定物种间分化的时间。虽然这5个物种在230万年前才由共同祖先分化,但这一进化分歧已经足以明显降低其基因组测序数据比对到挪威褐鼠的基因组的覆盖度,其中亚洲家鼠已经低至92.76%。圣诞岛大鼠测序数据无法覆盖的位点有四分之一位于挪威褐鼠的基因区域,其中,有1661个基因的覆盖度低于90%,甚至有26个基因完全无法被测序数据覆盖到。因此,缺失这些序列信息可能会产生功能性的影响。挪威褐鼠基因上不被完全覆盖的基因并不是在基因组上随机分布的。对覆盖度低于90%的基因进行功能分析发现,他们在免疫应答和嗅觉功能有关的类别中显著富集。当前的物种复活工作聚焦在猛犸象和旅鸽等物种,不太可能会有人想尝试复活一只大鼠。尽管如此,我们基于对这一对亲缘关系很近的大鼠物种的分析说明,当灭绝和现存物种的进化分歧增大的时候,所带来的挑战会更大。在这样的背景下,我们注意到,猛犸象和亚洲象的基因组分化程度与圣诞岛大鼠和挪威褐鼠基因组分化程度是相近的,而旅鸽和斑尾鸽之间的距离更大(2.24倍)。由于分化距离不仅跟物种分化的绝对时间有关,也跟世代时间有关,每个物种复活项目启动之前,最好能逐个进行分析论证。该论文展示的方法,可以为未来"物种复活"项目提供一个可行性论证框架。

关键词：物种复活进化分歧古dNA 圣诞岛大鼠分子定年

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Properties of vapor-deposited and solution-processed targets for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiments

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2018年第6期3卷 312-321页

作者： d.R.Harding M.J.Bonino W.Sweet M.Schoff A.greenwood N.Satoh M.Takagi A.Nikroo Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester250 East River RoadRochesterNY 14623-1299USA department of Chemical Engineering University of RochesterRochesterNY 14623-1299USA General Atomics 3550 General Atomics CourtSan DiegoCA 92121-1122USA Industrial development Center Central Research LaboratoryHamamatsu Photonics K.K.Hamamatsu CityShizuoka Pref.431-1202Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2e6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O.Box 808LivermoreCA94550USA

Targets for low-adiabat direct-drive-implosion experiments on OMEGA must meet rigorous specifications and tight tolerances on the diameter,wall thickness,wall-thickness uniformity,and presence of surface *** these,restrictions on the size and number of defects(bumps and depressions)on the surface are the most *** properties of targets that are made using vapor-deposition and solution-based microencapsulation techniques are *** were characterized using confocal microscopy,bright-and dark-field microscopy,atomic force microscopy,electron microscopy,and *** technique has merits and limitations,and a combination of these techniques is necessary to adequately characterize a *** main limitation with the glow-discharge polymerization(GdP)method for making targets is that it produces hundreds of domes with a lateral dimension of 0.7-2 μ*** these targets reduces the size of some but not all domes,but it adds scratches and grooves to the ***-made polystyrene shells lack the dome features of GdP targets but have hundreds of submicrometer-size voids throughout the wall of the target;a few of these voids can be as large as~12 μm at the surface.

关键词： Vapor-deposition direct-drive target OMEGA Target characterization Solution-based microencapsulation

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Cattle behaviour classification from collar, halter, and ear tag sensors

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第1期5卷 124-133页

作者： A.Rahman d.V.Smith B.Little A.B.Ingham P.L.greenwood G.J.Bishop-Hurley Analytics Program Data61CSIROAustralia Productive and Adaptive Livestock Systems Agriculture and FoodCSIROAustralia NSW department of Primary Industries Beef Industry Centre Australia

In this paper,we summarise the outcome of a set of experiments aimed at classifying cattle behaviour based on sensor *** animal carried sensors generating time series accelerometer data placed on a collar on the neck at the back of the head,on a halter positioned at the side of the head behind the mouth,or on the ear using a *** purpose of the study was to determine how sensor data from different placement can classify a range of typical cattle *** were collected and animal behaviours(grazing,standing or ruminating)were observed over a common time *** features were computed from the sensor data and machine learning algorithms were trained to classify each *** accuracies were computed on separate independent test *** analysis based on behaviour classification experiments revealed that different sensor placement can achieve good classification accuracy if the feature space(representing motion patterns)between the training and test animal is *** paper will discuss these analyses in detail and can act as a guide for future studies.

关键词： Sensor data analytics Cattle behaviour classification Sensors for cattle behaviour tracking

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Shifts in the Holstein dairy cow milk fat globule membrane proteome that occur during the first week of lactation are affected by parity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 534-548页

作者： Mallory C.Honan Megan J.Fahey Amanda J.Fischer-Tlustos Michael A.Steele Sabrina L.greenwood department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada department of Agriculture Food&Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2P5Canada

Background:The milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)proteomes of colostrum and transition milk are rich sources of proteins that are likely important for neonatal calf *** addition,characterization of these proteomes could also yield valuable information regarding mammary gland physiology of the early postpartum lactating *** objectives of this research were to characterize the MFGM proteomes of colostrum and transition milk through sample collections at four timepoints postpartum,including the first milking(M1,colostrum),second milking(M2,transition milk),fourth milking(M4,transition milk),and fourteenth milking(M14,mature milk),and compare these proteomes between multiparous(MP;n=10)and primiparous(PP;n=10)Holstein dairy *** MFGM proteins were labeled using Tandem Mass tagging and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Protein identification was completed using MASCOT and Sequest in Proteome discoverer *** scaled abundance values were analyzed using PROC MIXEd in SAS to determine the effects of milking(MIL),parity(PAR),and MIL×*** adaptive false-discovery rate(FdR)-adjusted P values were determined using PROC *** characterization and bioinformatic analysis were completed using a combination of PANTHER,Blast,and ***:A total of 104 common proteins were identified in each of the MFGM *** analysis revealed that 70.2%of identified proteins were affected by *** these,78.1%were lower in M14 compared with M1,including immune-related proteins lactotransferrin,lactadherin and *** affected 44.2%of *** the proteins affected by PAR,84.8%were higher in MP cows compared with PP cows,including apolipoprotein E and histones 2A,2B,3,and 4 *** subfamily 1 member 1A and annexin 5 were higher in samples from PP ***×parity affected 32.7%of identified proteins,including lactotransferrin,gelsolin,vitamin d binding protein,and S100 ***

关键词： Colostrum LC-MS/MS Parity

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三种蔬菜氮肥效应曲线的比较研究

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植物营养与肥料学报 1995年第1期1卷 71-78页

作者：杨靖一 G.A.Wadsworth d.J.greenwood 吉林农业大学土化系 130118 英国里丁大学土壤系英国国际园艺研究所土壤系

本文选取英国AdAS 1987—1989年的三种蔬菜(花茎甘蓝、大白菜、韭葱)氮肥试验为材料,分别选取总产量、干物重和市场产量为因变量,以施N量为自变量,对具有代表性的三种肥料效应函数:二次型Y=b_0+b_1X+b_2X^2(M1)、线性加指数Y=a+br^x+cX(... 详细信息

本文选取英国AdAS 1987—1989年的三种蔬菜(花茎甘蓝、大白菜、韭葱)氮肥试验为材料,分别选取总产量、干物重和市场产量为因变量,以施N量为自变量,对具有代表性的三种肥料效应函数:二次型Y=b_0+b_1X+b_2X^2(M1)、线性加指数Y=a+br^x+cX(M2)、倒线性Y=dbX/(8+bX)+cX(M3)进行了系统的比较研究。研究结果指出:用三种模型所配置的60个肥料效应方程均有55个达到了F_(0.1)以上显著水准,其中M2具有最大的平均回归方差贡献率(93%)和最小的平均残差方差(15.9)。进一步t检验指出:用M1所预报的最高平均产量显著高于M2和M3的预报结果。但M2所计算的平均最高施肥量显著低于M1和M3的计算结果。从模型的极值点考虑,M2较适合于模拟花茎计蓝、大白菜的肥料效应曲线;M3较适合于模拟花茎甘蓝、韭葱的肥料效应的曲线;M1的通用性较强。

关键词：蔬菜氮肥效应产量

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A NEW APPROACH TO MANUFACTURING 3d WOVEN PREFORMS USEd FOR STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1993年第4期10卷 39-48页

作者：赵莉 K.greenwood I.Porat department of Textiles University of Manchester Institute of Science and TechnologyManchesterEngland

The manufacturing of three-dimensional textile preforms used for composites started to re-ceive much attention in the last *** major barriers to accelerating the transition from thelamination of two-dimensional fabrics to manufacturing integral three-dimensional near-netshaped textile preforms are high cost and database *** reduce the cost of weaving three-dimensional preforms,and make full use of the potential of conventional looms,a rig was designedwhich can convert two-dimensional woven fabric to particular three-dimensional preforms wherethe yarn is orientated in the directions of maximum stress.

关键词： three-dimension(3d) two-dimension(2d) structure composite preform conventional loom

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Barbiturate Coma: Rebound and Refractory Hyperkalemia

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2014年第5期3卷 304-308页

作者： Bonnie C. greenwood Christopher d. Adams Zain I. Khalpey Peter C. Hou department of Emergency Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston USA department of Pharmacy Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston USA department of Surgery University of Arizona Tucson USA

Purpose: To describe a traumatic brain injury patient who experienced profound dyskalemia upon the initiation and cessation of a pentobarbital infusion and propose management options for future patients receiving this intervention. Methods: Case report. Results: Case report. Conclusions: dyskalemia has become an anticipated side effect of high dose barbiturate infusions in the setting of elevated intracranial pressure. Hypokalemia during the administration of a barbiturate infusion has been identified within this patient population and was an expected adverse event during this intervention. However, in this case we observed a significant and complicated refractory hyperkalemia upon cessation of the barbiturate infusion which required aggressive management. An objective causality assessment suggests that this adverse event was possibly related to pentobarbital. What this case documents that other cases have not is that upon re-introduction of the pentobarbital infusion, serum potassium levels did not normalize. This questions whether severe rebound hyperkalemia is a pharmacodynamic or infusion-related reaction. More data is needed to identify the mechanism of this adverse event and recommend an appropriate treatment approach.

关键词： Barbiturate Rebound Refractory Hyperkalemia

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化肥与粮食生产——世界形势分析

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世界科学 1982年第4期 9-13页

作者： d.J.greenwood 李崇乐

引言石油提供了世界所需矿物能源的约1/2。我们的工业和极大多数基础设施均以石油为能源。然而,也有种种不利的倾向。1970年以来,世界消耗的已知石油储量比能够发现的新油田要来得多。最近是在1968年发现超级油田的,但是,荒谬的是,发展... 详细信息

引言石油提供了世界所需矿物能源的约1/2。我们的工业和极大多数基础设施均以石油为能源。然而,也有种种不利的倾向。1970年以来,世界消耗的已知石油储量比能够发现的新油田要来得多。最近是在1968年发现超级油田的,但是,荒谬的是,发展其他能源的计划却被削减了。这些因素对工业生产和我们的生活方式可能产生巨大影响。它们对化肥供应量和分配方式的影响将具有决定性意义,因为要维持目前的粮食生产水平(且不谈达到更高的生产水平),必须提供大量化肥。因此,现在来讨论化肥和它的使用效率就是很合时宜的了。

关键词：养份产量化肥作物残茬施肥量大田试验干物质积累氮肥回收率磷肥无机肥料土壤组分不发达国家粮食

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阀控铅酸蓄电池中胶体电解液技术进展

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电源技术 2005年第10期29卷 698-702页

作者： d.W.H.Lambert P.H.J.greenwood M.C.Reed 林晓燕蔡志彬电源技术服务公司阿克苏诺贝尔集团下属依卡化学品公司广东省广州市汇普化工新材料有限公司广州510620 上海和氏璧化工有限公司武汉办事处上海430030

近年,阀控铅酸蓄电池已经发展成为一种应用广泛的储能装置。经过正确的设计,阀控铅酸蓄电池能够为最终用户提供以下的部分特性(即使不是全部):高电流容量;在深放电条件下(循环寿命)很好的可靠性;高比能量;高充电效率;快速的充电能力;避... 详细信息

近年,阀控铅酸蓄电池已经发展成为一种应用广泛的储能装置。经过正确的设计,阀控铅酸蓄电池能够为最终用户提供以下的部分特性(即使不是全部):高电流容量;在深放电条件下(循环寿命)很好的可靠性;高比能量;高充电效率;快速的充电能力;避免过充;良好的充电稳定性(耐过热能力);在寿命期内无需加水(免维护);寿命长;工作温度宽;坚固耐用;每Wh的成本低;较高的体积比能量(Wh/L);自放电小;较高的质量比能量(Wh/kg);可在任意位置(方向)放置及使用;抗冲击振动;放电后无需立即充电。目前使用最广泛的凝胶剂-气相法二氧化硅有许多缺点,比如:污染工作环境,特别是在混浆的过程中;职业病及搬运问题;体积大不便运输,凝胶时间长(除非在非常高的浓度下)。因此,开发胶体电池中硫酸的替代性凝胶剂的需求在日益增加。纳米胶体硅能够解决以上所有这些问题,此外它还能为电池生产商降低成本。

关键词：胶体电解液纳米胶体硅阀控铅酸蓄电池

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