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Weather Induced Quasi-Periodic Motions in Estuaries and Bays:Meteoro-logical Tide

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China Ocean Engineering 2020年第3期34卷 299-313页

作者： LI Chun-yan huang Wei WU Ren-hao alex SHEREMET College of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge 70803USA Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and MaryGloucester Pt.23062USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment University of FloridaGainesville FL 32611USA

Influenced by weather, the estuaries and bays often exhibit recurring oscillations in flow and water level similar to astronomical tides. The weather impact however is less regular than tides and more difficult to predict. The spectrum of weather induced motions in estuaries and bays is mostly at the low-frequency end with time scales longer than those of diurnal tides. The repeated weather impact produces meteorological tide: the recurring flood and ebb and flushing of the estuaries and bays but at lower frequencies than those of tides. The variation in weather conditions is quasi-periodic and of large scale nature(~1000-3000 km) because of the alternating low-and high-atmospheric pressure systems of extra-tropical cyclones and anti-cyclones and associated fronts. By examining 40 years of data between Jan. 1, 1977 and Dec. 31, 2016, we identified 1648 frontal events(averaging ~41.2±4.7 per year)influencing the northern Gulf of Mexico for time periods in the spring, fall and winter. The late spring and summer months(May, Jun, July, and August) were not included in the calculation because of much weaker activities involving synoptic weather systems with fronts during these months. It is found that the number of frontal events reached the maximum in Jan. and Dec. while the minimum occurred in April and Sept. It is found that there is an increasing trend of number of fronts over the 40-year period. Our data show that the low pass filtered water level,velocity, and vorticity(velocity shear) all vary in response to the weather and appear as the meteorological tide. The particle excursions of meteorological tides are much larger than those from the astronomical tides. In addition, the irregular nature of the meteorological tide makes the inward flux and outward flux asymmetric in general and thus it has a significant implication to dispersion and transport of waterborne materials. A scaling analysis shows that the meteorological tide generally reaches quasi-steady state;a

关键词： meteorological tide atmospheric fronts particle excursion quasi-steady state northern Gulf of Mexico estuarine exchange flows

Soil Properties and Plant Growth Response to Litter in a Prolonged Enclosed Grassland of Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第5期30卷 1041-1048页

作者： Yunwu Xiong Bing Yu Mengting Bai Xueyang Zhang Guanhua huang alex Furman College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel

The enclosure and ungrazing practices for grassland management result in accumulation of plant litter on soil surface thus affecting the available soil water and nutrients for plant production. We experimentally investigated the effects of litter on soil properties and plant growth in a prolonged enclosure grassland of Loess Plateau, China. Three different litter manipulations were conducted including removal of all litter, an untreated in-situ control with original litter levels, and a double litter treatment. Litter treatment experiments demonstrated that plant litter affected the superficial soil water. Soil water content in plots with in-situ or double litter is generally higher than that with litter removal. The depletion of soil water up to five days post rainfall is fastest in litter removal plots for the top soil, but no evident difference for the deep ones. Different litter treatments have no significant impact on soil total carbon, nitrogen as well as carbon/nitrogen ratio for consecutive two years experiments. Both above-and below-ground biomasses in plots of litter removal were less than those in the plots of in-situ and double litter treatment. Litter affects plant production mainly through the mechanical barrier regulating root zone soil moisture. Therefore, prolonged litter manipulation experiments are desirable to understand the long-term response of plant growth on litter from nutrient aspect.

关键词： soil moisture ungrazed grassland Stripa bungeana litter manipulation

Editing of an effector gene promoter sequence impacts plant-Phytophthora interaction

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第3期62卷 378-392页

作者： Sylvans Ochola Jie huang Haider Ali Haidong Shu Danyu Shen Min Qiu Liyuan Wang Xi Li Han chen alex Kange Dinah Qutob Suomeng Dong Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) Nanjing 210095China Department of Math and Science Walsh UniversityNorth CantonOH 44720USA

Pathogen avirulence(Avr) effectors interplay with corresponding plant resistance(R) proteins and activate robust plant immune responses. Although the expression pattern of Avr genes has been tied to their functions for a long time, it is still not clear how Avr gene expression patterns impact plant-microbe interactions. Here, we selected Ps Avr3b, which shows a typical effector gene expression pattern from a soybean root pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To modulate gene expression, we engineered Ps Avr3b promoter sequences by in situ substitution with promoter sequences from Actin(constitutive expression), Ps XEG1(early expression), and Ps NLP1(later expression) using the CRISPR/Cas9. Ps Avr3b driven by different promoters resulted in distinct expression levels across all R the tested infection time points. Importantly, those mutants with low Ps Avr3b expression successfully colonized soybean plants carrying the cognate R gene Rps3b. To dissect the difference in plant responses to the Ps Avr3b expression level, we conducted RNA-sequencing of different infection samples at 24 h postinfection and found soybean immune genes,including a few previously unknown genes that are associated with resistance. Our study highlights that fine-tuning in Avr gene expression impacts the compatibility of plant disease and provides clues to improve crop resistance in disease control management.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 infection soybean

Woofer–tweeter adaptive optical structured illumination microscopy

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Photonics Research 2017年第4期5卷 329-334页

作者： QINGGELE LI MARC REINIG DAICH KAMIYAMA BO huang XIAODONG TAO alex BARDALES JOEL KUBBY W.M.Keck Center for Adaptive Optical Microscopy Baskin Engineering University of California Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of California Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia

A woofer–tweeter adaptive optical structured illumination microscope(AOSIM) is presented. By combining a low-spatial-frequency large-stroke deformable mirror(woofer) with a high-spatial-frequency low-stroke deformable mirror(tweeter), we are able to remove both large-amplitude and high-order aberrations. In addition, using the structured illumination method, as compared to widefield microscopy, the AOSIM can accomplish highresolution imaging and possesses better sectioning capability. The AOSIM was tested by correcting a large aberration from a trial lens in the conjugate plane of the microscope objective aperture. The experimental results show that the AOSIM has a point spread function with an FWHM that is 140 nm wide(using a water immersion objective lens with NA=1.1) after correcting a large aberration(5.9 μm peak-to-valley wavefront error with 2.05 μm RMS aberration). After structured light illumination is applied, the results show that we are able to resolve two beads that are separated by 145 nm, 1.62× below the diffraction limit of 235 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the AOSIM in the field of bioimaging. The sample under investigation was a green-fluorescentprotein-labeled Drosophila embryo. The aberrations from the refractive index mismatch between the microscope objective, the immersion fluid, the cover slip, and the sample itself are well corrected. Using AOSIM we were able to increase the SNR for our Drosophila embryo sample by 5×.

关键词： AO SIM Woofer tweeter adaptive optical structured illumination microscopy

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美国的能源互联网与电力市场

科学通报 2016年第11期61卷 1210-1221页

作者： SU Wen Cong huang alex Q. University of Michigan-Dearborn Michigan 48128 USA North Carolina State University North Carolina 27606 USA

受早期计算机工业发展的启发,美国北卡罗莱纳州立大学的alex ***教授在2007年提出了"能源互联网"(Energy Internet)这一概念,并主持开发了未来可再生电能传输及管理系统(FREEDM Systems).作为一个全新的居民配电基础设施,能源互联网支... 详细信息

受早期计算机工业发展的启发,美国北卡罗莱纳州立大学的alex ***教授在2007年提出了"能源互联网"(Energy Internet)这一概念,并主持开发了未来可再生电能传输及管理系统(FREEDM Systems).作为一个全新的居民配电基础设施,能源互联网支持大规模的分布式可再生能源的即插即用.能源互联网的发展依赖于一系列萌芽期的新兴技术,如双向通信、双向潮流,电力系统控制和电力电子器件技术等.能源互联网的全面建设发展给我们带来了机遇和挑战.值得一提的是,在能源互联网的蓝图下,能源细胞(Energy Cell)作为全新的电力市场参与者,将大大促进了多样化,高度市场化的零售电市场发展.个体居民用户将在未来的电力市场当中扮演及其重要的角色.

关键词：能源互联网能源细胞智能电网电力市场可再生能源

A new dual-ion battery based on amorphous carbon

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1634-1642页

作者： Wei(alex)Wang Hanxin huang Bin Wang Chang Qian Peihao Li Jinhui Zhou Zibin Liang Chao Yang Shaojun Guo Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China BIC-ESAT College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoeletric Materials and Devices(BKL-MEMD) Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Energy and Resources Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The Na-based dual-ion batteries(NDIBs),combining the advantages of Na-ion batteries and dual-ion batteries,are attracting more attention due to their merits of abundant source,low cost and high energy ***,the main challenges faced by NDIBs are their low capacity and poor ***,we report a new ion storage mechanism for high-performance NDIBs using amorphous carbon(AOMC)as *** the graphite carbon that can only accommodate the PF6-anion(typical DIB system),the AOMC herein can both accommodate Na+cation and PF6-anion due to its amorphous feature,which is conceptually new dual-ion system for achieving much higher ***-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and Raman studies reveal that the disordered carbon in the AOMC can be transformed to the partial graphitic stacking in short range,improving both capacity and cycling stability of *** a consequence,the AOMC delivers a highly reversible storage capacity of 136 mAhg-1 for 800 cycles at a very high current density of 2.0 Ag-1,much higher than all the reported *** concept can be generalized to develop high-performance dual-ion full cell using sodium ion preintercalated materials as anode and AOMC as cathode.

关键词： Na-based dual-ion batteries Amorphous carbon Storage mechanism Larger interlayer spacing

Plasmon-induced trap filling at grain boundaries in perovskite solar cells

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第11期10卷 2233-2244页

作者： Kai Yao Siqi Li Zhiliang Liu Yiran Ying Petr Dvořák Linfeng Fei TomášŠikola Haitao huang Peter Nordlander alex K-Y.Jen Dangyuan Lei Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Institute of Physical Engineering Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2Brno61669Czech Republic Laboratory for Nanophotonics Department of Physics and AstronomyDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexas77005USA

The deep-level traps induced by charged defects at the grain boundaries(GBs)of polycrystalline organic-inorganic halide perovskite(OIHP)films serve as major recombination centres,which limit the device ***,we incorporate specially designed poly(3-aminothiophenol)-coated gold(Au@PAT)nanoparticles into the perovskite absorber,in order to examine the influence of plasmonic resonance on carrier dynamics in perovskite solar *** changes in the photophysical properties of the OIHP films reveal that plasmon excitation could fill trap sites at the GB region through photo-brightening,whereas transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations correlate this photo-brightening of trap states with plasmon-induced interfacial *** a result,the device achieved the best efficiency of 22.0%with robust operational *** work provides unambiguous evidence for plasmon-induced trap occupation in OIHP and reveals that plasmonic nanostructures may be one type of efficient additives to overcome the recombination losses in perovskite solar cells and thin-film solar cells in general.

关键词： perovskite grain absorber

Nanobiotechnology in the Management of Glaucoma

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2013年第4期3卷 127-133页

作者： Pho Nguyen alex huang Samuel C. Yiu Department of Ophthalmology Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Los Angeles USA The Wilmer Eye Institute Baltimore USA King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital Riyadh KSA.

As the prevalence of glaucoma continues to rise, clinicians and researchers are confronted with an age-old problem: how to reduce risk factors and preserve vision in glaucoma. Current management options revolve around a validated paradigm—intraocular pressure reduction. Active investigations to improve drug delivery efficacy and surgical outcomes are flourishing. This article aims to provide the interested readers with a review of recent discoveries in nanobiotechnology for the management of glaucoma. Targeted drug-delivery systems using mesoscale vectors demonstrate promising delivery profiles. The utility of nanoparticulate therapies to support retinal ganglion cell survival is being investigated. Studies to modulate tissue regeneration and remodeling and improve post-trabeculectomy outcomes are underway. Though these modalities promise new avenues to manage glaucoma, immediate market availability is not anticipated soon.

关键词： Glaucoma Nanotechnology Nanomedicine Drug Delivery Wound Healing Nanoparticle

Retinal microvasculature is a potential biomarker for acute mountain sickness

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1290-1302页

作者： Yuan Xie Diya Yang alex S.huang Yiquan Yang Ying Han Yunxiao Sun Kai Cao Huaizhou Wang Shizheng Wu Qiang Zhu Guozhong Wang Tianyi Wu Ningli Wang Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing100730China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100005China The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92121USA Department of Ophthalmology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA Institution of Geriatric Qinghai Provincial Hospital Xining810007China Department of Ultrasound Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100730China Department of Hyperbaric and Hypobaric Chamber Civil Aviation General HospitalBeijing100025China National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine China High Altitude Medical Research InstituteXining810012China

Increased cerebral blood flow resulting from altered capillary level autoregulation at high altitudes leads to capillary overperfusion and then vasogenic cerebral edema,which is the leading hypothesis of acute mountain sickness(AMS).However,studies on cerebral blood flow in AMS have been mostly restricted to gross cerebrovascular endpoints as opposed to the *** study aimed to investigate ocular microcirculation alterations,the only visualized capillaries in the central neural system(CNS),during early-stage AMS using a hypobaric *** study found that after high altitude simulation,the optic nerve showed retinal nerve fiber layer thickening(P=0.004–0.018)in some locations,and the area of the optic nerve subarachnoid space(P=0.004)*** coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)showed increased retinal radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)flow density(P=0.003–0.046),particularly on the nasal side of the *** AMSpositive group had the largest increases in RPC flow density in the nasal sector(AMS-positive,?3.21±2.37;AMS-negative,?0.01±2.16,P=0.004).Among multiple ocular changes,OCTA increase in RPC flow density was associated with simulated early-stage AMS symptoms(beta=0.222,95%CI,0.009–0.435,P=0.042).The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)for the changes in RPC flow density to predict early-stage AMS outcomes was 0.882(95%CI,0.746–0.998).The results further confirmed that overperfusion of microvascular beds is the key pathophysiologic change in early-stage *** OCTA endpoints may serve as a rapid,noninvasive potential biomarker for CNS microvascular changes and AMS development during risk assessment of individuals at high altitudes.

关键词： optical coherence tomography angiography retinal microvasculature acute mountain sickness