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Cell therapy for macular degeneration—first phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ pluripotent stem cell-based clinical trial shows promise

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 119-120页

作者： CHEN ZhiGuo ZHANG Y.alex Cell Therapy Center Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical University and Key Laboratory of NeurodegenerationMinistry of Education Center of Neural Injury and Repair Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders

Embryonic stem（ES）cells,a type of pluripotent stem cells（PSCs）that are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts,have been discovered for more than three decades[1].Given the almost infinite self-renewal capacity and the potential to differentiate into any specific cell type in an individual,ES cells and PSCs have brought hope for the treatment of many unmet ***,the advantages of PSCs-the highly proliferative and plastic capacities,also give rise to concerns regarding the development of tumors.

关键词：多能干细胞系细胞治疗临床试验自我更新能力变性黄斑显示 PSCs

The Role of the Subjectivist Position in the Probabilization of Forensic Science

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第2期1卷 140-148页

作者： alex Biedermann Faculty of Law Criminal Justice and Public AdministrationSchool of Criminal JusticeUniversity of Lausanne1015 Lausanne-DorignySwitzeriand

This paper is concerned with the contribution of forensic science to the legal process by helping reduce *** it is now widely accepted that uncertainty should be handled by probability because it is a safeguard against incoherent proceedings,there remain diverging and conflicting views on how probability ought to be *** is exemplified by the proposals in scientific literature that call for procedures of probability computation that are referred to as"objective,"suggesting that scientists ought to use them in their reporting to recipients of expert information.I find such proposals *** need to be viewed cautiously,essentially because ensuing probabilistic statements can be perceived as making forensic science prescriptive.A motivating example from the context of forensic DNA analysis will be chosen to illustrate *** a main point,it shall be argued that such constraining suggestions can be avoided by interpreting probability as a measure of personal belief,that is,subjective *** references to foundational literature from mathematical statistics and philosophy of science,the discussion will explore the consequences of this interdisciplinary viewpoint for the practice of forensic expert *** will be emphasized that-as an operational interpretation of probability_the subjectivist perspective enables forensic science to add value to the legal process,in particular by avoiding inferential impasses to which other interpretations of probability may ***,understanding probability from a subjective perspective can encourage participants in the legal process to take on more responsibility in matters regarding the coherent handling of *** would assure more balanced interactions at the interface between science and the ***,in turn,provides support for ongoing developments that can be called the"probabilization"of forensic science.

关键词： Forensic science legal process subjective probability uncertainty reduction

Understanding the multi-seasonal spectral and biophysical characteristics of reedbed habitats in the UK

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2016年第4期19卷 233-244页

作者： alex O.Onojeghuo George A.Blackburn Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK

Reedbed in the UK has been classified as priority habitat for most regional Biodiversity ***,critical information pertaining to the quality and spatial coverage of reedbed is currently *** paper presents the results of a project conducted in collaboration with the Cumbria Wildlife Trust and Environment Agency aimed at monitoring and understanding variations in the spectral reflectance and biophysical properties of reedbed canopies across Leighton Moss Nature Reserve in Lancashire,northwest *** the seasonal phenological cycle of the reedbed habitats in the study area,optimal spectral indices required for quantifying its biophysical properties were determined using field spectroscopy and ground-based *** of the experiment showed that the narrow-bandderived Difference Vegetation Index(DVI)and Renormalised Difference Vegetation Index(RDVI),with the correlation coefficient R2 of 0.77 and 0.72,respectively,provided the most accurate estimates of the leaf area index for the reedbed canopies.

关键词： Vegetation index leaf area index biophysical measures

Effect of host-cocoon mass on adult size in the secondary hyperparasitoid wasp, Pteromalus semotus （Hymenoptera： Pteromalidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 383-390页

作者： Jeffrey A. Harvey alex Gumovsky Rieta Gols Netherlands Institute of Ecology Department of Terrestrial Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology Kiev Ukraine Laboratory of Entomology Plant Science Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands

Parasitoids have long proven to be model organisms in studying resourcerelated constraints on immature development. Here we examine the relationship between host cocoon （= pupal） size in the gregarious endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata, and development time and adult size in the solitary idiobiont hyperparasitoid, Pteromalus semotus. Little is known about the biology or ecology of this ecto-hyperparasitoid species, although it is one of the major secondary hyperparasitoids of C. glomerata. The size of the adult wasp covaried with the size of the host cocoon at parasitism. Moreover, female wasps were larger than male wasps for a given cocoon size. Adult wasps have remarkably long life-spans, 3 months on average. Longevity did not significantly differ with sex. We also examined how larvae of P. semotus exclude other potential competitors. P. semotus is protandrous, with females taking significantly longer to complete their development than males. In experiments where several eggs of P. semotus were placed on individual pupae of C. glomerata, newly hatched hyperparasitoid larvae moved rapidly over the surface of the host and destroyed the eggs of any conspecifics by biting them before they would initiate feeding on host tissues. Our results are discussed in relation to those with other studies with solitary ichneumonid idiobiont hyperparasitoids of C. glomerata.

关键词： Cotesia glomerata growth idiobiont longevity protandry trade-off

Proximal Methods with Bregman Distances to Solve VIP on Hadamard Manifolds with Null Sectional Curvature

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2021年第3期9卷 499-523页

作者： Erik alex Papa Quiroz Paulo Roberto Oliveira Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad Privada del NorteLimaPeru PESC-COPPE Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro CEP 21941-972Brazil

We present an extension of the proximal point method with Bregman distances to solve variational inequality problems(VIP)on Hadamard manifolds with null sectional *** some natural assumptions,as for example,the existence of solutions of the VIP and the monotonicity of the multivalued vector field,we prove that the sequence of the iterates given by the method converges to a solution of the ***,this convergence is linear or superlinear with respect to the Bregman distance.

关键词： Proximal point methods Hadamard manifolds Bregman distances Variational inequality problems Monotone vector field

Processing of rare earth concentrates

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Rare Metals 2005年第3期24卷 210-215页

作者： Pamela alex R.C. Hubli A.K. Suri Material Processing Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai-400085 IndiaMaterial Processing Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai-400085 IndiaMaterial Processing Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai-400085 India

The paper describes process details for extraction of rare earths from an intermediate grade concentrate of Madhya Pradesh region in India and a South African slag. The xenodme concentrate obtained from the former place was an intermediate grade （47%） rare earth phosphate containing both monazite and xenotime. The South African slag was a low-grade waste product typically containing only 4% of rare earths. The rare earth resource concentrates have been treated individually by different methods such as alkali fusion and alkali leaching to convert them into their mixed oxides. Both types of materials have been processed and greater than 98% solubilization of metal values has been achieved in the intermediate grade xenotime and 80% from the South African slag. The residue of xenotime hydroxide has been washed thoroughly to collect the sodium phosphate, as by-product and the slurry pH have been adjusted to separate rare earths from thorium effectively. Other impurities such as uranium and iron have been removed by precipitation of rare earths by oxalic acid. It has been possible to recover 〉95% yttrium along with other rare earth oxides.

关键词： xenotime slag fusion leaching calcining solubilization

Decoding white coat hypertension

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第3期5卷 82-92页

作者： Dennis A Bloomfield alex Park Richmond University Medical Center

There is arguably no less understood or more intriguing problem in hypertension that the"white coat"condition,the standard concept of which is significantly blood pressure reading obtained by medical personnel of authoritative standing than that obtained by more junior and less authoritative personnel and by the patients *** hospital-initiated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,the while effect manifests as initial and ending pressure elevations,and,in treated patients,a low daytime *** effect is essentially *** diastolic white coat hypertension appears to be exceedingly *** the basis of the studies,we believe that the white coat phenomenon is a common,periodic,neuro-endocrine reflex conditioned by anticipation of having the blood pressure taken and the fear of what this measurement may indicate concerning future *** does not change with time,or with prolonged association with the physician,particularly with advancing years,it may be superimposed upon essential hypertension,and in patients receiving hypertensive medication,blunting of the nighttime dip,which occurs in about half the patients,may be a compensatory mechanisms,rather than an indication of cardiovascular *** than the blunted dip,the morning surge or the widened pulse pressure,cardiovascular risk appears to be related to elevation of the average night time pressure.

关键词： White coat Ambulatory blood pressure Triggers Hypertension Neuro-endocrine reflex Nighttime dip Morning surge Conditioned reflex

Creating and moving nanoantenna cold spots anywhere

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2335-2344页

作者： alex J.Vernon Francisco J.Rodriguez-Fortuno Department of Physics King's College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom

Cold spots are sub-wavelength regions which might emerge near a nanoantenna,should one or more components of some far-field illumination cancel out with scattered *** show that by changing only the polarisation,amplitude,and phase of two plane waves,a unique,zero-magnitude and highly sub-wavelength cold spot can be created and moved anywhere in the space around a nanoantenna of any arbitrary *** can be achieved using ultra-fast modulated pulses,or a time-harmonic *** disturbed by a change in the nanoantenna's material or position,a manufactured cold spot is fragile and could be used in nanoscale *** technique exploits the linearity of Maxwell's equations and could be adapted to manipulate any phenomena governed by the linear wave equation,including acoustic *** is a means for potentially ultra-fast sub-wavelength electric field manipulation.

关键词： illumination scattered arbitrary

The airborne contagiousness of respiratory viruses:A comparative analysis and implications for mitigation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 257-264页

作者： alex Mikszewski Luca Stabile Giorgio Buonanno Lidia Morawska International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia CIUS Building Performance Lab The City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Cassino and Southern LazioCassinoFRItaly Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUnited Kingdom

The infectious emission rate is a fundamental input parameter for airborne transmission risk assessment,but data are limited due to reliance on estimates from chance superspreading *** study assesses the strength of a predictive estimation approach developed by the authors for SARS-CoV-2 and uses novel estimates to compare the contagiousness of respiratory *** applied the approach to SARS-CoV-1,SARS-CoV-2,MERS,measles virus,adenovirus,rhinovirus,coxsackievirus,seasonal influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)and compared quanta emission rate(ER)estimates to literature *** calculated infection risk in a prototypical classroom and barracks to assess the relative ability of ventilation to mitigate airborne *** median standing and speaking ERestimate for SARS-CoV-2(2.7 quanta h)is similar to active,untreated TB(3.1 quanta h),higher than seasonal influenza(0.17 quanta h-1),and lower than measles virus(15 quanta h).We calculated event reproduction numbers above 1 for SARS-CoV-2,measles virus,and untreated TB in both the classroom and barracks for an activity level of standing and speaking at low,medium and high ventilation rates of 2.3,6.6 and 14 L per second per person(L sp),*** predictive ERestimates are consistent with the range of values reported over decades of *** congregate settings,current ventilation standards are unlikely to control the spread of viruses with upper quartile ERqvalues above 10 quanta h,such as SARS-CoV-2,indicating the need for additional control measures.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)airborne transmission Quanta emission rate Ventilation Measles Influenza