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Your personal choices in transportation and food are important for lowering carbon emissions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 27-32页

作者： Bruce logan Fang Zhang Wulin Yang Le Shi Institute of Energy and the Environment The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

There is a global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the extent of climate change.A better understanding of how our own activities and lifestyle influence our energy use and carbon emissions can help us enable changes in activities that can lead to reductions in carbon *** we discuss an approach based on examining carbon emissions from the perspective of the unit C,where 1 C is the CO_(2)from food a person would on average eat every *** approach shows that total CO_(2)emissions in China,normalized by the population,is 22.5 C while carbon emissions for a person in the US is 43.9 C.A better appreciation of our own energy use can be obtained by calculating carbon emissions from our own activities in units of C,for example for driving a car gasoline or electric vehicle a certain number of kilometers,using electricity for our homes,and eating different *** this information,we can see how our carbon emissions compare to national averages in different countries and make decisions that could lower our personal CO_(2)emissions.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Climate change Daily energy Greenhouse gas

Conics on Barth-Bauer octics

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1507-1524页

作者： alex Degtyarev Department of Mathematics Bilkent UniversityAnkara06800Turkey

We analyze the configurations of conics and lines on a special class of Kummer octic surfaces. In particular, we bound the number of conics by 176 and show that there is a unique surface with 176 conics, all irreducible: it admits a faithful action of one of the Mukai groups. Therefore, we also discuss conics and lines on Mukai surfaces: we discover a double plane(ramified at a smooth sextic curve) that contains 8,910 smooth conics.

关键词： K3-surface octic surface Kummer surface conic Mukai group

Developing the new soil science——Advice for early-career soil scientists

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 3-4页

作者： alex McBRATNEY Sydney Institute of Agriculture&School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

Confucius said,“To know what you know and what you do not know, that is true knowledge.”Hartemink (2006) edited a prescient book on the future of soil science, the contents of which are worthy of consideration today. Since then, there has been a growing emphasis on soil carbon, soil health, and soil security, as well as increased capability of technology related to machine leaning and soil sensing and *** KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY CATEGORISATION Based on the above ancient aphorism attributed to Confucius, the author writing in Hartemink (2006) classified soil knowledge and knowledge discovery into 4 categories. An updated version is given in Fig. 1.

关键词： soil measurement. leaning

Simultaneous removal of critical rare earth elements and chalcogen oxyanions by anaerobic granular sludge

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4595-4611页

作者： Chiara Belloni Mohanakrishnan logan Stefano Papirio Piet N.L.Lens University of Galway Galway H91 TK33Ireland Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico II80125 NaplesItaly

Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements(REEs)(such as neodymium,lanthanum and dysprosium),and chalcogens(such as selenium and tellurium)are associated with a huge economic and environmental ***,the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming *** assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate(>80%)and enhanced selenate removal by 66%±10%.Three 3.9 L continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed(UASB)reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and30℃.Selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of~98%with an influent p H of 4.0 for more than 28 *** effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UASB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98%was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite *** complete REE removal in both batch assays and UASB reactors at higher pH(7.0±0.5)was attributed to precipitation,whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial ***,at acidic p H,biosorption was responsible for REE's removal,and the Se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE's removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.

关键词： Rare earth elements Selenium Tellurium Bioreduction Adsorption

The role of extracorporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel B Gehle logan C Meyer Tim Jancelewicz Le Bonheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extracorporeal life support(ECLS)serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and severe cardiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary *** contraindications to ECLS do exist such as coagulopathy,lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly,very preterm birth,or very low birth weight,but many of these limits are being evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past decade vary in recommendations for ECLS use in patients with CDH but this therapy appears to have a survival benefit in the most severe subset of *** outcomes have been observed for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of CDH repair for patients receiving preoperative *** recent data support early repair following cannulation to avoid non-repair which is uniformly fatal in this *** ECLS runs are associated with decreased survival,and patient physiology should guide ECLS weaning and eventual decannulation rather than limiting patients to arbitrary run *** of care across centers is a major focus to limit unnecessary costs and improve short-term and long-term outcomes for these complex patients.

关键词： congenital life repair

Blast waveform tailoring using controlled venting in blast simulators and shock tubes

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： Edward Chern Jinn Gan alex Remennikov David Ritzel Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consulting Ltd 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equivalent high-explosive *** tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effective ways to control blast wave profiles and as a result have a limited performance *** wave shaping techniques employed in some facilities are reviewed but often necessitate extensive geometric modifications,inadvertently cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under very specific *** paper investigates controlled venting as an expedient way for waveforms to be tuned without requiring extensive modifications to the driver or existing geometry and could be widely applied by existing and future blast simulation and shock tube *** use of controlled venting is demonstrated experimentally using the Advanced Blast Simulator(shock tube)at the Australian National Facility of Physical Blast Simulation and via numerical flow simulations with Computational Fluid *** venting is determined as an effective method for mitigating the impact of re-reflected waves within the blast *** control method also allows for the adjustment of parameters such as tuning the peak overpressure,the positive phase duration,and modifying the magnitude of the negative phase and the secondary shock of the blast *** paper is concluded with an illustration of the potential expanded performance range of the Australian blast simulation facility when controlled venting for blast waveform tailoring as presented in this paper is applied.

关键词： Advanced blast simulator Shock wave propagation Far-field explosion Blast loads Blast waves Computational fluid dynamics

No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 133-138页

作者： Austin Dotta Batur Yaman alex Van Huynh Department of Biology DeSales University2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPAUSA

Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian *** studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and *** we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging *** use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field ***).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site *** did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging *** results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.

关键词： Foraging Odor Olfaction Predation Predator-avoidance

Kinematics ofmandibular advancement devices(MADs):Why do some MADs move the lower jaw backward duringmouth opening?

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 637-650页

作者： Juan A.Cabrera alex Bataller Sergio Postigo Marcos García Mechanical Engineering Department University of Malaga29071 MalagaSpain

Mandibular advancement devices(MADs)are widely used treatments for obstructive sleep *** function by advancing the lower jaw to open the upper *** increase patient comfort,most patients allow the mouth to be ***,not all systems maintain the lower jaw in a forward position during mouth opening,which results in the production of a retrusion that favors the collapse of the upper ***,the kinematic behavior of the mechanism formed by the mandible-device assembly depends on jaw *** means that,during mouth opening,some devices cause lower jaw protrusion in some patients,but cause its retraction in *** this study,we report the behavior of well-known devices currently on *** do so,we developed a kinematic model of the lower jawdevice *** validated for all devices analyzed using a high-resolution camera *** results show that some of the devices analyzed here did not produce the correct behavior during patient mouth opening.

关键词： Mandibular advancement devices Lower jaw kinematics Sleep apnea

Water decontamination by reactive high-valent iron species

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第1期3卷 55-58页

作者： Yunhui Zhang logan Swaren Wenbing Wang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E3Canada School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The occurrence of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)in water bodies has received increasing attention ***,such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides,when present in trace concentrations,cannot be effectively removed by conventionally designed treatment processes in most wastewater treatment ***,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)have been developed as promising alternatives for trace-level EOC elimination using radicals(e.g.,hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals)and non-radical ***,these reactive species are generally nonselective and also exhibit excellent reactivity with background water constituents,leading to excess consumption of oxidants and the possible generation of toxic secondary pollutants[1].Accordingly,selective oxidants have recently become a subject of considerable interest,mainly including singlet oxygen and high-valent metal species[2].They could preferentially attack electron-rich moieties,resulting in selective degradation of EOCs.

关键词： valent removed elimination