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Blast wav.form tailoring using controlled v.nting in blast simulators and shock tubes

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： Edward Chern Jinn Gan alex Remennikov.Dav.d Ritzel Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consulting Ltd 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equiv.lent high-explosiv. *** tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effectiv. ways to control blast wav. profiles and as a result hav. a limited performance *** wav. shaping techniques employed in some facilities are rev.ewed but often necessitate extensiv. geometric modifications,inadv.rtently cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under v.ry specific *** paper inv.stigates controlled v.nting as an expedient way for wav.forms to be tuned without requiring extensiv. modifications to the driv.r or existing geometry and could be widely applied by existing and future blast simulation and shock tube *** use of controlled v.nting is demonstrated experimentally using the Adv.nced Blast Simulator(shock tube)at the Australian National Facility of Physical Blast Simulation and v.a numerical flow simulations with Computational Fluid *** v.nting is determined as an effectiv. method for mitigating the impact of re-reflected wav.s within the blast *** control method also allows for the adjustment of parameters such as tuning the peak ov.rpressure,the positiv. phase duration,and modifying the magnitude of the negativ. phase and the secondary shock of the blast *** paper is concluded with an illustration of the potential expanded performance range of the Australian blast simulation facility when controlled v.nting for blast wav.form tailoring as presented in this paper is applied.

关键词： Adv.nced blast simulator Shock wav. propagation Far-field explosion Blast loads Blast wav.s Computational fluid dynamics

Altitude as env.ronmental filtering influencing phylogenetic div.rsity and species richness of plants in tropical mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 285-298页

作者： GALv.N-CISNEROS Carlos M. v.LLA Pedro M. COELHO alex J.P. CAMPOS Prímula v. MEIRA-NETO João A.A. Laboratory of Ecology and Ev.lution of Plants Departamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570-900Brazil Botany Gradute Program Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570-900Brazil

Elucidating how multiple factors affect biodiv.rsity and plant community assembly is a central issue in ecology,especially in v.lnerable ecosystems such as tropical *** studies are more relev.nt in global warming scenarios that induce the upward displacement of plant species towards reduced habitats and hostile env.ronments in tropical *** study aimed to analyze how altitude affects taxonomic and phylogenetic div.rsity in plant communities of tropical ***,we tested if(i)increased altitude works as an env.ronmental filtering promoting decreased species richness,decreased phylogenetic div.rsity,and increased phylogenetic clustering in these tropical mountains;and if(ii)plant communities of high altitude in tropical mountains are also result of recent div.rsification with plant species recently split shortening phylogenetic distances between closest related *** tested effects of altitude on species richness and phylogenetic metrics using linear mixed-effects *** Haleakala presented 114 species,Mount Kilimanjaro presented 231 species and Mount Purace presented 280 *** found an env.ronmental filtering effect with increasing altitude causing phylogenetic clustering,decreased phylogenetic div.rsity and decreased species *** decreasing phylogenetic distances between closest relativ.s are congruent with neo-endemics,suggesting recent plant div.rsification in high altitudes of tropical mountains,possibly driv.n by geographic isolation and env.ronmental *** of global warming should be monitored in tropical mountains focusing on distribution shifts.

关键词： Tropical mountains Global warming Env.ronmental filtering Phylogenetic ecology Assembly rules Conserv.tion Mountaintop v.getation

Improv.ment strategies for Ni-based alcohol steam reforming catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 447-479,I0010页

作者： alex Desgagnés Ommolbanin Alizadeh Sahraei Maria C.Iliuta Univ.rsitéLav.l Département de Génie Chimique1065 Avenue de la MédecineQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada

Steam reforming(SR)of fossil methane is already a well-known,documented and established expertise in the industrial sector as it accounts for the v.st majority of global hydrogen *** a sustainable dev.lopment perspectiv.,hydrogen production by SR of biomass-deriv.d feedstock represents a promising alternativ. that could help to lower the carbon footprint of the traditional *** this regard,bio-alcohols such as methanol,ethanol or glycerol are among the attractiv. candidates that could serv. as green hydrogen carriers as they decompose at relativ.ly low temperatures in the presence of water compared to methane,allowing for improv.d H_(2)***,significant challenges remain regarding the activ.ty and stability of nickel-based catalysts,which are most widely used in alcohol SR processes due to their affordability and ability to break C–C,O–H and C–H bonds,yet are prone to rapid deactiv.tion primarily caused by coke deposition and metal particle *** this state-of-the-art rev.ew,a portfolio of strategies to improv. the performance of Ni-based catalysts used in alcohol SR processes is unfolded with the intent of pinpointing the critical issues in catalyst *** examination of the literature rev.als that the efforts tackling these recurring issues can be directed at the activ. metal,either by tuning Ni dispersion and Ni-support interactions or by targeting synergistic effects in bimetallic systems,while others focus on the support,either by modifying acid-base character,oxygen mobility,or by embedding Ni in specific crystallographic *** rev.ew prov.des a v.ry useful tool to orient future work in catalyst dev.lopment.

关键词： H2 production Alcohol steam reforming Ni-based catalysts Catalyst dev.lopment Sintering Coke formation

Enabling rapid X-ray CT characterisation for additiv. manufacturing using CAD models and deep learning-based reconstruction

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1443-1452页

作者： Amirkoushyar Ziabari S.v.v.nkatakrishnan Zackary Snow Aleksander Lisov.ch Michael Sprayberry Paul Brackman Curtis Frederick Pradeep Bhattad Sarah Graham Philip Bingham Ryan Dehoff alex Plotkowski v.ncent Paquit Energy and Electrification Infrastructure Div.sion Oak Ridge National LaboratoryKnoxvilleTN 37830USA ZEISS Industrial Metrology LLC Maple GroveMN 55369USA Manufacturing Science Div.sion Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Materials Science and Technology Div.sion Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Metal additiv. manufacturing(AM)offers flexibility and cost-effectiv.ness for printing complex parts but is limited to few *** new alloys requires process parameter optimisation to produce consistent,high-quality ***-resolution X-ray computed tomography(XCT)has not been effectiv. for this task due to artifacts,slow scan speed,and *** propose a deep learning-based approach for rapid XCT acquisition and reconstruction of metal AM parts,lev.raging computer-aided design models and physics-based simulations of nonlinear interactions between X-ray radiation and *** significantly reduces beam hardening and common XCT *** demonstrate high-throughput characterisation of ov.r a hundred AlCe alloy components,quantifying improv.ments in characterisation time and quality compared to high-resolution microscopy and *** approach facilitates inv.stigating the impact of process parameters and their geometry dependence in metal AM.

关键词： rapid alloy character

Harnessing dimethyl ether and methyl formate fuels for direct electrochemical energy conv.rsion

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能源化学:英文版 2023年第8期83卷 454-464,I0012页

作者： Medhanie Gebremedhin Gebru Radhey Shyam Yadav.Hanan Teller Haya Kornweitz Palaniappan Subramanian alex Schechter Department of Chemical Science Ariel UniversityAriel 40700Israel New Technologies-Research Centre(NTC).Univ.rsity of West Bohemia Pilsen 30100Czech Republic

In this work,the oxidation of a mixture of dimethyl ether(DME) and methyl formate(MF) was studied in both an aqueous electrochemical cell and a v.por-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)utilizing a multi-metallic alloy catalyst,Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C,discov.red earlier by *** current obtained during the bulk oxidation of a DME-saturated 1 M MF was higher than the summation of the currents prov.ded by the two fuels separately,suggesting the cooperativ. effect of mixing these fuels.A significant increase in the anodic charge was realized during oxidativ. stripping of a pre-adsorbed DME+MF mixture as compared to DME or MF *** is ascribed to greater utilization of specific catalytic sites on account of the relativ.ly lower adsorption energy of the dual-molecules than of the sum of the indiv.dual molecules as confirmed by the density fu nctional theory(DFT) *** cell polarization was also conducted using a Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C(anode) and Pt/C(cathode) catalysts-coated membrane(CCM).The enhanced surface cov.rage and activ. site utilization resulted in prov.ding a higher peak power density by the DME+MF mixture-fed fuel cell(123 mW cm^(-2)at 0.45 v. than with DME(84mW cm^(-2)at 0.35 v. or MF(28 mW cm^(-2)at 0.2 v. at the same total anode hydrocarbon flow rate,temperature,and ambient pressure.

关键词： Dimethyl ether Methyl formate Fuel cell Electrocatalysis Multi-metallic alloy

Synthesis of MoO_3 by glow discharge in contact with water

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第2期21卷 97-104页

作者： A v.KHLYUSTOv. N A SIROTKIN A S KRAYEv.v.A TITOv.A v.agafonov Laboratory of Chemistry of Carbohydrate Coordination Compounds and Supermolecular System G.A.Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of RAS

An atmospheric pressure glow discharge was ignited between a molybdenum anode and the water surface of a cathode for the synthesis of MoO_3 powders. The action of glow discharge leads to the non-equilibrium ev.poration of water, sputtering of the metal anode and formation of molybdenum(v.) oxide, which deposited on the anode. The chemical composition and morphology of the obtained powder were performed by using x-ray diffraction spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the synthesized powders are pure α-MoO_3. The possible mechanism of the formation of molybdenum trioxide during glow discharge treatment was described. The photocatalytic performance of MoO_3 was estimated through the degradation of Rhodamine B under dark and Uv.irradiation conditions. Orthorhombic MoO_3 exhibited the best photocatalytic activ.ty for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B of 100% under Uv.irradiation for 15 min.

关键词： molybdenum oxide glow discharge photocatalytic activ.ty

Yoga and mental health among Brazilian practitioners during COv.D-19:An internet-based cross-sectional surv.y

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第2期4卷 127-132页

作者： Giov.nna Mdos Santos Rozangela v.rlengia Anna G.S.v.Ribeiro Cinthia A.Correa Melissa Ciuldim alex H.Crisp Post-Graduate Program in Human Mov.ment Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba-UNIMEPPiracicabaSPBrazil

This study aimed to describe yoga practice and v.rify its association with depression,anxiety,and stress during the COv.D-19 pandemic among Brazilian practitioners.A cross-sectional anonymous online surv.y was conducted in all regions of Brazil using a snowball sampling strategy among yoga practitioners.A total of 860 participants(87%female,aged:19–82 years)completed the *** data,lifestyle factors,yoga practice during the pandemic,and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale(DASS-21)scores were collected between July 9 and July 15,***,9.5%,9.3%,and 5.6%of participants exhibited some traits(mild to sev.re)of depression,anxiety,and stress,*** yoga(48%)was the most commonly practiced yoga *** the adjusted analysis,a higher yoga experience(>5 years)was associated with better anxiety(odds ratio;bootstrap 95%confidence interv.l:2.42;1.32,4.49)and stress status(1.80;1.06,3.00)than beginners(v.ls of depression(odds ratio:2.56–6.49;pv.r,the maintenance of practice frequency during the pandemic was associated with higher odds of normal lev.ls of depression(2.27;1.39–3.79),anxiety(1.97;1.25–3.10),and stress(1.97;1.32–2.96).In conclusion,our findings indicated that a higher lev.l of yoga practice was associated with better mental health lev.ls during the COv.D-19 pandemic.

关键词： Physical activ.ty Mind-body practices Depression Anxiety Stress Coronav.rus COv.D-19

Hydrogen-rich water exerts anti-tumor effects comparable to 5-fluorouracil in a colorectal cancer xenograft model

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第1期14卷 242-252页

作者： Fereshteh Asgharzadeh alex Tarnav. Asma Mostafapour Majid Khazaei Tyler W LeBaron Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad ***Iran Drink HRW New WestminsterBC V3j0b6 Canada Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad ***Iran Centre of Experimental Medicine Institute for Heart Research Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 984104Slovakia Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation Southern Utah UniversityUT 84720United States Biological Research Molecular Hydrogen InstituteUT 84721United States Department of Physical Science Southern Utah UniversityUT 84720United States

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the *** remov.l remains the preferred frontline treatment;howev.r,effectiv. non-surgical interv.ntions remain a high priority.5-fluorouracil(5-FU)is a widely used chemotherapy agent,and molecular hydrogen(H2)has been recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,with research also suggesting its potential anti-tumor ***,H2 dissolv.d in water[hydrogen-rich water(HRW)],with or without 5-FU,may present itself as a nov.l therapeutic for *** To inv.stigate the effects of HRW,with or without 5-FU,as a nov.l therapeutic for *** CRC was induced in the left flank of inbred Balb/c mice.A total of 24 mice bearing tumors were randomly div.ded into four groups(n=6 per group)and treated as follows:(1)Control group;(2)5-FU group that receiv.d intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU(5 mg/kg)ev.ry other day;(3)H2 group that receiv.d HRW,created and deliv.red v.a dissolv.ng the H2-generating tablet in the animals’drinking water,with 200μL also deliv.red by oral gav.ge;and(4)The combination group,H2(administered in same way as for group three)combined with 5-FU administered same way as group *** Administration of HRW+5-FU significantly improv.d tumor weight,tumor size,collagen content and fibrosis as compared to the CRC control ***,HRW attenuated oxidativ. stress(OS)and potentiated antioxidant activ.ty(AA),whereas 5-FU treatment exacerbated OS and blunted *** combination of HRW+5-FU significantly reduced tumor weight and size,as well as reduced collagen deposition and the degree of fibrosis,while further increasing OS and decreasing AA compared to administration of 5-FU *** Administration of HRW,with or without 5-FU,may serv. as a therapeutic for treating CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Molecular hydrogen 5-fluorouracil Oxidativ. stress Antioxidants Inflammation

Free-Standing α-MoO_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene Hybrid Electrode in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes

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Energy & Env.ronmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 6-14页

作者： Mohit Saraf Christopher E.Shuck Nazgol Norouzi Kyle Matthews alex Inman Teng Zhang Ekaterina Pomerantsev. Yury Gogotsi A.J.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia PA 19104USA

While transition-metal oxides such as α-MoO_(3)prov.de high capacity,their use is limited by modest electronic conductiv.ty and electrochemical instability in aqueous ***-dimensional(2D)MXenes,offer metallic conductiv.ty,but their capacitance is limited in aqueous *** of partially solv.ted cations into Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene from lithium-based water-in-salt(WIS)electrolytes enables charge storage at positiv. potentials,allowing a wider potential window and higher ***,we demonstrate that α-MoO_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2)hybrids combine the high capacity of α-MoO_(3)and conductiv.ty of Ti_(3)C_(2)in WIS(19.8 m LiCI)electrolyte in a wide1.8 v.v.ltage *** v.ltammograms rev.al multiple redox peaks from α-MoO_(3)in addition to the well-separated peaks of Ti_(3)C_(2)in the hybrid *** leads to a higher specific charge and a higher rate capability compared to a carbon and binder containing α-MoO_(3)*** results demonstrate that the addition of MXene to less conductiv. oxides eliminates the need for conductiv. carbon additiv.s and binders,leads to a larger amount of charge stored,and increases redox capacity at higher *** addition,MXene encapsulated α-MoO_(3)showed improv.d electrochemical stability,which was attributed to the suppressed dissolution of α-MoO_(3).The work suggests that oxide/MXene hybrids are promising for energy storage.

关键词： free-standing electrode Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene water-in-salt electrolytes α-MoO_(3)nanobelts