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Clinical management of advanced gastric cancer: The role of new molecular drugs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14537-14558页

作者： Ferdinando De Vita Natale Di Martino alessio fabozzi Maria Maddalena Laterza Jole Ventriglia Beatrice Savastano Angelica Petrillo Valentina Gambardella Vincenzo Sforza Luigi Marano Annamaria Auricchio Gennaro Galizia Fortunato Ciardiello Michele Orditura Division of Medical Oncology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery Second University of Naples School of Medicine 80131 Naples Italy Ⅷ General and Gastrointestinal Surgery School of Medicine Second University of Naples School of Medicine 80138 Naples Italy Divisions of Surgical Oncology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery Second University of Naples School of Medicine 80131 Naples Italy

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm and the second leading cause of death for cancer in Western countries with more than 20000 new cases yearly diagnosed in the United States. Surgery represents the main approach for this disease but, notwithstanding the advances in surgical techniques, we observed a minimal improvement in terms of overall survival with a significant increasing of relapsing disease rates. Despite the development of new drugs has significantly improved the effectiveness of chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma remains poor. Recently, several molecular target agents have been investigated; in particular, trastuzumab represents the first target molecule showing improvements in overall survival in human epithelial growth factor 2-positive gastric cancer patients. New molecules targeting vascular epithelial growth factor, mammalian target of rapamycin, and anti hepatocyte growth factor-c-Met pathway are also under investigation, with interesting results. Anyway, it seems necessary to select more accurately the population to treat with new agents by the identification of new biomarkers in order to optimize the results. In this paper we review the actual “scenario” of targeted treatments, also focusing on the new agents in development for gastric cancer and gastro-esophageal carcinoma, discussing their efficacy and potential applications in clinical practice.

关键词： Advanced gastric cancer Gastrointestinal cancer Targeted therapy Monoclonal antibodies Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Gastric cancer

Learning to become addicted,one synapse at a time

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 401-402页

作者： alessio Attardo Sidney B.Cambridge Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology MagdeburgGermany Institute for Anatomy II Dr.Senckenberg AnatomyGoethe-University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermany

Addiction has been extensively studied on many levels:from the molecular level,with various“omics”approaches(Natividad et al.,2018;Grecco et al.,2021),to the clinical level,with psychotherapy and MRI imaging(Ceceli ... 详细信息

关键词： clinical therapy

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： alessio Canovai Pete A.Williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in oncological patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors:A case report and literature analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1253-1256页

作者： Francesca Colapietro Nicola Pugliese Antonio Voza alessio Aghemo Stella De Nicola Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityMilan 20072Italy Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Department of GastroenterologyHumanitas Research HospitalMilan 20089Italy Department of Emergency Humanitas Research HospitalMilan 20089Italy

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation(HBVr)represents a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,and preventive measures are available through blood test screening or prophylactic therapy *** assessment of HBVr traditionally considers factors such as HBV profile,including hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen,along with type of medication(chemotherapy;immunomodulants).Nevertheless,consideration of possible patient’s underlying tumor and the specific malignancy type(solid or hematologic)plays a crucial role and needs to be assessed for decision-making process.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Reactivation Nucleoside analogue Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Onco-hematology

Use of bio-based products towards more sustainable road paving binders: A state-of-the-art review

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第2期4卷 151-162页

作者： alessio Musco Giulia Tarsi Piergiorgio Tataranni Ernesto Salzano Cesare Sangiorgi Department of Civil ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials Engineering(DICAM)Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaBologna 40131Italy

Many industrial sectors exploit fossil sources to develop useful and necessary materials for our needs,such as bituminous paving ***,a key component of asphalt mixtures,is derived from oil refining and its properties are influenced by the crude oil source and refining process,resulting in a significant carbon *** growing awareness of resource depletion and environmental concerns,pavement researchers are exploring sustainable alternatives to reduce dependence on fossil *** includes a rising trend in using renewable materials like biomasses to produce bio-based binders as substitutes for bitumen,aiming for a more sustainable ***,including vegetal and animal wastes,and waste cooking oils,as substitutes for crude oil in the production of *** thermochemical conversion(TCC),such as pyrolysis,biomasses can be converted into bio-char and bio-oils,which can replace fossil-based components in *** have utilized these bio-products to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in ***,there are no set minimum requirements for bio-components in bio-based *** the percentage of replaced bitumen increases,various types of binders are produced,including modified bitumen,extended bitumen,and alternative binders,where the fossil replacement is *** rheological tests on bio-binders,reveal that those containing biochar exhibit increased viscosity,stiffness,rutting resistance,and sometimes antioxidant ***,bio-binders with bio-oils as bitumen substitutes show poorer performance at high temperatures but improved behavior at low *** results suggest that bio-binders could provide versatile solutions for various climatic and loading conditions in road ***,the development of pavement mixtures based on bio-binders has not been studied in depth and requires further attention to unlock its full *** sustainability considerations,includin

关键词： Biomass Chemical process Bitumen replacement Bio-binder Paving material

Venous Doppler flow patterns,venous congestion,heart disease and renal dysfunction:A complex liaison

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： alessio Di Maria Rossella Siligato Marta Bondanelli Fabio Fabbian Specialized Medicines Renal UnitUniversity Hospital St.Anna of FerraraFerrara I-44124Italy Department of Biomedical DentalMorphological and Functional Imaging SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessina I-98121Italy Department of Medical Sciences University of FerraraFerrara I-44124Italy Department of Medical Sciences University of FerraraFerrara 44124Italy

The World Journal of Cardiology published an article written by Kuwahara et al that we take the pleasure to comment *** focused our attention on venous *** intensive care settings,it is now widely accepted that venous congestion is an important clinical feature worthy of *** venous Doppler profile abnormalities at multiple sites could suggest adequate treatment and monitor its *** dysfunction could trigger or worsen fluid overload in heart disease,and cardio-renal syndrome is a well-characterized spectrum of disorders describing the complex interactions between heart and kidney *** overload and venous congestion,including renal venous hypertension,are major determinants of acute and chronic renal dysfunction arising in heart *** congestion from venous hypertension could be involved in the development of organ injury in several clinical situations,such as critical diseases,congestive heart failure,and chronic kidney *** and abnormal Doppler flow patterns diagnose clinically significant systemic venous *** and nephrologists might use this valuable,noninvasive,bedside diagnostic tool to establish fluid status and guide clinical choices.

关键词： Cardio-renal syndrome Fluid overload Venous congestion Acute kidney injury Ultrasound Doppler flow patterns

Development of deep-learning-based autonomous agents for low-speed maneuvering in Unity

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第3期7卷 229-244页

作者： Riccardo Berta Luca Lazzaroni alessio Capello Marianna Cossu Luca Forneris Alessandro Pighetti Francesco Bellotti Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department(DITEN)University of GenoaGenoa 16145Italy

This study provides a systematic analysis of the resource-consuming training of deep reinforcement-learning (DRL) agents for simulated low-speed automated driving (AD). In Unity, this study established two case studies: garage parking and navigating an obstacle-dense area. Our analysis involves training a path-planning agent with real-time-only sensor information. This study addresses research questions insufficiently covered in the literature, exploring curriculum learning (CL), agent generalization (knowledge transfer), computation distribution (CPU vs. GPU), and mapless navigation. CL proved necessary for the garage scenario and beneficial for obstacle avoidance. It involved adjustments at different stages, including terminal conditions, environment complexity, and reward function hyperparameters, guided by their evolution in multiple training attempts. Fine-tuning the simulation tick and decision period parameters was crucial for effective training. The abstraction of high-level concepts (e.g., obstacle avoidance) necessitates training the agent in sufficiently complex environments in terms of the number of obstacles. While blogs and forums discuss training machine learning models in Unity, a lack of scientific articles on DRL agents for AD persists. However, since agent development requires considerable training time and difficult procedures, there is a growing need to support such research through scientific means. In addition to our findings, we contribute to the R&D community by providing our environment with open sources.

关键词： automated driving autonomous agents deep reinforcement learning curriculum learning modeling and simulation

Three predictive scores compared in a retrospective multicenter study of nonunion tibial shaft fracture

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 560-569页

作者： Davide Quarta Marco Grassi Giuliano Lattanzi Antonio Pompilio Gigante alessio D'Anca Domenico Potena Clinical Orthopedics Department of Clinical and Molecular ScienceUniversitàPolitecnica Delle MarcheAncona 60126Italy Department of Information and Engineering UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60121Italy

BACKGROUND Delayed union,malunion,and nonunion are serious complications in the healing of *** the risk of nonunion before or after surgery is *** To compare the most prevalent predictive scores of nonunion used in clinical practice to determine the most accurate score for predicting *** We collected data from patients with tibial shaft fractures undergoing surgery from January 2016 to December 2020 in three different trauma *** this retrospective multicenter study,we considered only fractures treated with intramedullary *** calculated the tibia FRACTure prediction healING days(FRACTING)score,Nonunion Risk Determination score,and Leeds-Genoa Nonunion Index(LEG-NUI)score at the time of definitive *** Of the 130 patients enrolled,89(68.4%)healed within 9 months and were classified as *** remaining patients(n=41,31.5%)healed after more than 9 months or underwent other surgical procedures and were classified as *** calculation of the three scores,LEG-NUI and FRACTING were the most accurate at predicting *** LEG-NUI and FRACTING showed the best performances by accurately predicting union and nonunion.

关键词： Trauma Bone Tibial fracture Nonunion Scores Prediction model

Beyond total mesorectal excision: The emerging role of minimally invasive surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2382-2385页

作者： Davina Perini Francesca Cammelli Maximilian Scheiterle Jacopo Martellucci Annamaria Di Bella Carlo Bergamini Paolo Prosperi alessio Giordano Department of Emergency and Acceptance Emergency Surgery UnitCareggi University HospitalFirenze 50137Italy

Multivisceral resection and/or pelvic exenteration represents the only potential curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC);however,it poses significant technical challenges,which account for the high risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the *** complete histopathologic resection is the most important determinant of patient outcomes,LARC often requires an extended resection beyond the total mesorectal excision plane to obtain clear re-section *** an era when laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery are becoming commonplace,the optimal approach to extensive pelvic inter-ventions remains ***,acceptance of the suitability of mini-mally invasive surgery is slowly gaining ***,there is still a lack of evidence in the literature about minimally invasive approaches in multiple and extensive surgical resections,highlighting the need for research studies to explore,validate,and develop this *** editorial aims to provide a critical overview of the currently available applications and challenges of minimally invasive abdo-minopelvic surgery for ***,we discuss recent developments in the field of robotic surgery for LARC,with a specific focus on new innovations and emerging frontiers.

关键词： Robotic surgery Pelvic exenteration Multivisceral resection Rectal cancer Total mesorectal excision