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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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窒息新生兔中枢及外周血脑啡肽含量的变化

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中华核医学杂志 2003年第5期23卷 303-304页

作者：胡电古航金志军洪新如熊英曹立萍王成海第二军医大学长征医院妇产科上海200003 第二军医大学长海医院妇产科第二军医大学神经生物教研室

目的　探讨脑啡肽与新生兔窒息的关系。方法　采用放射免疫测定法测定 2 4只正常新生兔 (对照组 )及 2 6只窒息新生兔 (窒息A组 )中枢及外周血中脑啡肽的含量。将 2 0只孕 3 0d母兔窒息后立即剖宫取出仔兔 ,随机分为 4组 :新生兔窒息未... 详细信息

目的　探讨脑啡肽与新生兔窒息的关系。方法　采用放射免疫测定法测定 2 4只正常新生兔 (对照组 )及 2 6只窒息新生兔 (窒息A组 )中枢及外周血中脑啡肽的含量。将 2 0只孕 3 0d母兔窒息后立即剖宫取出仔兔 ,随机分为 4组 :新生兔窒息未治疗组 (窒息B组 ) ,新生兔窒息ICI17486 4 治疗组 (ICI组 ) ,新生兔窒息脑啡肽抗血清治疗组 (抗血清组 ) ,新生兔窒息兔血清治疗组 (血清组 )。后2组仔兔在分娩后分别脑内注入脑啡肽抗血清 (滴度 1∶60 0 0 )或等量不含抗体的兔血清 ,ICI组按体重静脉注入ICI17486 4 80ng kg。仔兔均于剖宫产后 1、5、10、15及 3 0min进行Apgar评分。结果　①窒息A组新生兔下丘脑、垂体及外周血脑啡肽的含量分别为 (63 5.2± 57.6)、(452 .7± 3 7.5)及 (2 97.6± 2 8.4)ng L ,对照组分别为 (185.7± 2 9.6)、(150 .9± 2 1.4)及 (12 1.5± 19.9)ng L。与对照组相比 ,窒息A组中枢及外周脑啡肽含量均明显升高 (P 0 .0 5)。结论　脑啡肽与新生兔窒息的发生发展密切相关。

关键词：窒息新生兔中枢外周血脑啡肽测定

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Modelling and Predictive Control of a Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第8期6卷 1276-1283页

作者： Gianluca Gatto Ignazio Marongiu Aldo Perfetto alessandro Serpi Ivan Luigi Spano Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University ofCagliari Cagliari 09123 Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University "Federico H" of Naples Naples 80138 Italy

A predictive current control algorithm for the Buck-Boost DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The continuous time model of the system is properly introduced, then, by imposing a proper PWM modulation pattern, its discrete time model is achieved. This last one is successfully employed in determining the steady state locus of the Buck-Boost converter, both in CCM (continuous conduction mode) and DCM (discontinuous conduction mode). A novel continuous time equivalent circuit of the converter is introduced too, with the aim of determining a ripple free representation of the state variables of the system, over both transient and steady state operation. Then, a predictive current control algorithm, suitable in both CCM and DCM, is developed and properly checked by means of computer simulations. The corresponding results have highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed modelling and of the predictive control algorithm, both in CCM and DCM.

关键词： DC-DC转换器模型预测控制升压型降压电流控制算法连续导通模式离散时间模型预测控制算法

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Micro-traumatic Experiences and Psychotherapeutic Treatment

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Journal of Integrative Medicine（双语） 2018年第2期7卷 1-6页

作者： alessandro Cavelzani Martina Trinchieri Maria Carlotta F. Gorio Lucia Romeo Psychotherapist IARPP Buzzi Children’s Hospital of MilanItaly Candidate Societa taliana di Psicoanalisi della RelazioneMilanItaly Department of Biomedical and Clinic Sciences L Sacco University of MilanItaly Pediatrician Buzzi Children’s Hospital of MilanItaly

It’s becoming even more widely recognized from neurosciences, epigenetics, and clinical research on observation of infant-caregiver interaction that daily cumulated micro-traumatic experiences cause damages not only to one’s mental health and identity, but also to immune system, leading to metabolic, eating, sleeping, affective, behavioural, cognitive and linguistic, and social disorders in adults as well as in children and infants. Relational Psychoanalytic treatment argues that the therapeutic change is related to expanding levels of consciousness and exploring new ways of being in the world. Clinical examples are provided.

关键词： Trauma Maltreatment Mother-infant attachment Therapeutic change Relational psychoanalysis

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Endobronchial tumor in children:Unusual finding in recurrent pneumonia,report of three cases

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2015年第2期4卷 30-34页

作者： Silvia Madafferi Vincenzo D Catania Antonella Accinni Renata Boldrini alessandro Inserra Department of General and Thoracic Surgery Bambino Gesù Children Hospital-Resarch Institute Department of Pathology Bambino Gesù Children Hospital-Resarch Institute

We are reporting 3 cases of pediatric endobronchialtumors presented with recurrent pneumonia. The median age of patients, at time of presentation, was 10.6 years. All patients presented with recurrent pneumonia with a mean time to occurrence, after onset of symptoms, of 14 mo. Bronchoscopy was early performed as part of diagnostic work-up and it revealed an endobronchial mass in every case. Complete surgical resection was performed in all cases, with lung preservation in two of them. Neither post-operative chemotherapy nor radiotherapy was required. The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years and all patients are still alive and disease-free. Recurrent pneumonia, in pediatrics, should raise the suspicion of an obstructing lesion, congenital malformation or systemic disease. A systematic approach is useful for organize the clinicians initial workup. Prompt diagnosis allows parenchymal-sparing surgery, which offers the best chance of cure and reduces clinical and functional complications in these patients.

关键词： Recurrent pneumonia Pediatric Endobronchial tumor Mucoepidermoid tumor Carcinoid tumor

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Sensorless Predictive Algorithm for Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Drives

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第7期6卷 1088-1096页

作者： Gianluca Brando Andrea Del Pizzo Gianluca Gatto Ignazio Marongiu alessandro Serpi Department of Electrical Engineering University "Federico H" of Naples Naples 80138 Italy Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University ofCagliari Cagliari 09123 Italy

A high resolution speed and position identification algorithm, suitable for brushless DC drives, is presented in this paper. In particular, the algorithm is proposed for BLDC (brushless DC) machines that are characterized by an un-ideal trapezoidal emfs shape. The algorithm, which is developed basing upon the MRAS technique (model reference adaptive system) and the Popov\'s hyperstability criterion, guarantees the convergence of the estimated rotor speed and position signals to their corresponding actual values. The identification procedure can be performed starting from the knowledge of low resolution rotor position signals, phase currents and the BLDC emfs shape. The identification algorithm is properly tested on a BLDC drive controlled by a predictive algorithm, by performing a simulation study in the Matlab-Simulink environment. The corresponding results have highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless predictive control system, at both low and high speed operation.

关键词：无刷直流电机驱动器预测算法传感器 Simulink环境模型参考自适应系统 BLDC 转子速度永磁

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Effect of Water Salinity on the Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Parameters

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Journal of Life Sciences 2015年第11期9卷 549-555页

作者： Ali Ajeel Ali Saeed Giovanna Dragonetti alessandro Comegna Nicola Lamaddalena AntonioCoppola Mediterranean Agronomic Institute Land and Water Division lAMB Bari 70010 Italy School of Agricultural Forestry Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE) University of Basilicata Potenza 85100 Italy

Spatial pattern and interdependence of different soil and plant parameters were examined in green bean field experiment carried out at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (MAIB), Italy. The study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of soil and plant parameters and their relationship at transects scale. The experiment consisted of three transects of 30 m length and 4.2 m width, irrigated with three different salinity levels (1 dSm-1, 3 dSm-1, 6 dSm-1). Soil measurements (electrical conductivity and soil water content) were monitored along each transect in 24 sites, using TDR probe installed vertically at soil surface. Water storage was measured by using Diviner sensor for calculating directly the evapotranspiration fluxes along the whole soil profile under the different salinity levels imposed during the experiment. In the same 24 sites, crop monitoring involved measurements of Leaf Area Index (LAI), Osmotic Potential (OP), Root length Density (RlD) and Evapotranspiration fluxes (ET). Soil and plant properties were analyzed using both classical and geostatistical methods which included descriptive statistics, semivariograms and cross-semivariograms. Results indicated that moderate to large spatial variability existed across the field for soil and plant parameters, especially under the 6 dSm-1 salinity treatment. A relatively satisfactory fit of the experimental cross-semivariogram was obtained for the 6 dS-1, thus indicating similar spatial structures of the pairs of compared variables. By contrast, the experimental cross-semivariograms observed under the 3 dS-1 treatment indicated no significant correlation structure between the compared variables. Overall, the results observed in the 3 dSm-1 were not significantly different from those obtained in the 1 dSm-1 transect and suggested a general insensitivity of the crop response to those levels of salinity.

关键词：空间变异性土壤测量盐度植物半变异函数实验观察 DSML 作物监测

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一种用于粒子加速器的新型高流导离子泵

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真空 2019年第1期56卷 16-19页

作者：亚历山德罗·阿巴特科拉安捷伦科技真空事业部意大利都灵

离子泵(IGP)是一种特别适用于现代加速器设备的真空获得设备。它们具有长寿命、高可靠性、高清洁度、密闭抽气等特点,并且因为没有振动,不会干扰粒子束的运行轨迹。通常,离子泵通过一个与主管道形成T形的支管与主管道连接,这种连接方式... 详细信息

离子泵(IGP)是一种特别适用于现代加速器设备的真空获得设备。它们具有长寿命、高可靠性、高清洁度、密闭抽气等特点,并且因为没有振动,不会干扰粒子束的运行轨迹。通常,离子泵通过一个与主管道形成T形的支管与主管道连接,这种连接方式降低了离子泵有效的抽速,并且需要使用复杂且昂贵的射频(RF)屏蔽。而且,加速粒子通常对杂散磁场比较敏感,由离子泵磁体产生的非对称磁场(对加速器束线管而言)是这些杂散磁场的主要来源。安捷伦与DESY (德国电子同步加速器Deutsche ElektronenSynchrotron)合作开发了一种新型的高流导离子泵。350台使用这种创新设计(专利号:EP2 431996A1)的离子泵,被安装在了DESY的X-FEL系统上,离子泵在历史上第一次成为了束线管的组成部分。该泵不使用T型支管而是直接安装在束线管上并成为束线管道的一部分,这使得离子泵的有效抽速最大化并简化了安装;离子泵的磁铁对称的排列在束线管周围,减少了杂散磁场;同时,RF屏蔽也可以很容易被集成在泵内。该在线结构的离子泵有望成为类似应用的标准,为全球相关实验室真空系统开辟新的设计方向。

关键词：粒子加速器真空系统在线式高流导离子泵

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Prediction of genetic value for sweet cherry fruit maturity among environments using a 6K SNP array

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1623-1637页

作者： Craig M.Hardner Ben J.Hayes Satish Kumar Stijn Vanderzande Lichun Cai Julia Piaskowski JoséQuero-Garcia JoséAntonio Campoy Teresa Barreneche Daniela Giovannini alessandro Liverani Gérard Charlot Miguel Villamil-Castro Nnadozie Oraguzie Cameron P.Peace University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHastings 4130New Zealand Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA UMR 1332 BFP INRAUniversity of Bordeaux33140 Nouvelle-AquitaineFrance Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA) Fruit Unit of ForlìVia la Canapona1 bis47121 Emilia-RomagnaItaly Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes(CTIFL) 751 Chemin de Balandran30127 BellegardeFrance Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityIrrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center24106N Bunn RoadProsserWA 99350USA

The timing of fruit maturity is an important trait in sweet cherry production and *** variation for phenology of fruit maturity in sweet cherry appears to be under strong genetic control,but that control might be complicated by phenotypic instability across *** such genotype-by-environment interaction(G×E)is a common phenomenon in crop plants,knowledge about it is lacking for fruit maturity timing and other sweet cherry *** this study,1673 genome-wide SNP markers were used to estimate genomic relationships among 597 weakly pedigree-connected individuals evaluated over two seasons at three locations in Europe and one location in the USA,thus sampling eight‘environments’.The combined dataset enabled a single meta-analysis to investigate the environmental stability of genomic *** disequilibrium among marker loci declined rapidly with physical distance,and ordination of the relationship matrix suggested no strong structure among *** most parsimonious G×E model allowed heterogeneous genetic variance and pairwise covariances among ***-sense genomic heritability was very high(0.60–0.83),as was accuracy of predicted breeding values(>0.62).Average correlation of additive effects among environments was high(0.96)and breeding values were highly correlated across *** indicated that genomic models can be used in cherry to accurately predict date of fruit maturity for untested individuals in new *** G×E for this trait indicated that phenotypes of individuals will be stable across similar *** analyses for other sweet cherry traits,for which multiple years of data are commonly available among breeders and cultivar testers,would be informative for predicting performance of elite selections and cultivars in new environments.

关键词： maturity environments breeding

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海洛因依赖者心理渴求的SPECT脑显像研究

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中华核医学杂志 2003年第5期23卷 279-280,T003页

作者：王政清赵阁元刘青龙王玉华王金敏王烁唐山市中医院核医学科 063000 唐山市医疗保险基金管理中心

目的　研究与海洛因相关的环境诱导急性脱毒后海洛因依赖患者心理渴求的局部脑血流 (rCBF)灌注变化特征。方法　选择脱毒治疗 1个月后海洛因依赖患者 2 5例 ,给予与海洛因相关的环境线索刺激 (暴露 ) 15min导致其心理渴求 ,采用SPECT仪... 详细信息

目的　研究与海洛因相关的环境诱导急性脱毒后海洛因依赖患者心理渴求的局部脑血流 (rCBF)灌注变化特征。方法　选择脱毒治疗 1个月后海洛因依赖患者 2 5例 ,给予与海洛因相关的环境线索刺激 (暴露 ) 15min导致其心理渴求 ,采用SPECT仪检测rCBF的变化。结果　海洛因环境刺激明显增加额叶、颞叶皮层及杏仁核区等脑区的rCBF ,而其他脑区如顶叶、枕叶、扣带回及基底节等区域的脑血流灌注则无明显变化。结论　海洛因相关环境可诱导患者对药物的心理渴求 ,是患者脱毒后发生复吸的最主要因素之一 ;额叶。

关键词：海洛因依赖心理渴求 SPECT脑显像局部脑血流灌注吸毒

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