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Effect of steam-pretreatment combined with hydrogen peroxide on lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for bioethanol production：Analysis of derived sugars and other by-products

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第2期27卷 535-543页

作者： Alessandra Verardi alessandro Blasi Tiziana Marino Antonio Molino Vincenza Calabrò Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology Department of Computer Engineering Modeling Electronics and Systems Science (DIMES) University of Calabria Via Pietro Bucci Cube 39/A 1st Floor 1-87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cosenza (CS) Italy ENFA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development CR Trisaia S.S. 106 lonica km 419+500-75026 Rotondella Matera (MT) Italy Institute on Membrane Technology ITM-CNR Via P. Bucci Cuba 17/c 1-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy ENEA. Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development CR Portici P.. Enrico Fermi 1 80055 Portici NA Italy

The hydrogen peroxide, a green impregnating agent suitable for lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol process, was used to pretreat sugarcane bagasse by steam explosion. Two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide（0.2% and 1%） were investigated. Then, the biomass was hydrolyzed after pretreatment using cellulase. The amount released of：（i） cellobiose;（ii） monosaccharides, as glucose, xylose, arabinose and mannose and（iii） lignocellulose derived by-products, as furans and small organic acids（acetic, formic,and levulinic acid）, was evaluated in the hydrolysate samples, previously pretreated both in the presence and absence of impregnating agent. By adding of hydrogen peroxide in steam-pretreatment, the average yield increase was 12% for glucose and as high as 34% for xylose, and cellobiose yield was decreased of about 30%. No significant increase has been observed in arabinose and mannose yield. Furthermore,the hydrogen peroxide seems not increased the formation of lignocellulose derived by-products during pretreatment process, with the exception of the levulinic acid.

关键词： Lignocellulose Hydrogen peroxide Steam explosion Enzymatic hydrolysis Bioethanol

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Transcriptome driven characterization of curly-and smooth-leafed endives reveals molecular differences in the sesquiterpenoid pathway

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1715-1733页

作者： Giulio Testone Giovanni Mele Elisabetta di Giacomo Gian Carlo Tenore Maria Gonnella Chiara Nicolodi Giovanna Frugis Maria Adelaide Iannelli Giuseppe Arnesi alessandro Schiappa Tiziano Biancari Donato Giannino Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology Unit of RomeNational Research Council of Italy(CNR)RomeItaly Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico IINapoliNAItaly Institute of Sciences of Food Production CNRBariItaly Enza Zaden Italia TarquiniaViterboItaly

Endives(Cichorium endivia L.)are popular vegetables,diversified into curly/frisée-and smooth/broad-leafed(escaroles)cultivar types(cultigroups),and consumed as fresh and bagged *** are rich in sesquiterpene lactones(STL)that exert proven function on bitter taste and human *** assembly of a reference transcriptome of 77,022 unigenes and RNA-sequencing experiments were carried out to characterize the differences between endives and escaroles at the gene structural and expression levels.A set of 3177 SNPs distinguished smooth from curly cultivars,and an SNP-supported phylogenetic tree separated the cultigroups into two distinct clades,consistently with the botanical varieties of origin(crispum and latifolium,respectively).A pool of 699 genes maintained differential expression pattern(core-DEGs)in pairwise comparisons between curly vs smooth cultivars grown in the same *** annotation allowed the identification of 26 genes in the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathway,which included several germacrene A synthase,germacrene A oxidase and costunolide synthase members(GAS/GAO/COS module),required for the synthesis of costunolide,a key precursor of lactucopicrin-and lactucin-like sesquiterpene *** core-DEGs contained a GAS gene(contig83192)that was positively correlated with STL levels and recurrently more expressed in curly than smooth endives,suggesting a cultigroup-specific *** significant positive correlation of GAS/GAO/COS transcription and STL abundance(2.4-fold higher in frisée endives)suggested that sesquiterpenoid pathway control occurs at the transcriptional *** on correlation analyses,five transcription factors(MYB,MYB-related and WRKY)were inferred to act on contig83192/GAS and specific STL,suggesting the occurrence of two distinct routes in STL biosynthesis.

关键词： STL cultivar maintained

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Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第1期10卷 153-161页

作者： Gian Paolo Cimellaro Andrei M. Reinhorn alessandro De Stefano Department of Structural & Geotechnical Engineering (diSTR) Politecnico di Torino Department of Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York

The 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake highlighted the seismic vulnerability of historic masonry building structures due to improper ＂strengthening＂ retrofit work that has been done in the last 50 years. Italian seismic standards recommend the use of traditional reinforcement techniques such as replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete （RC） or steel elements, inserting RC tie-beams in the masonry and new RC floors, and using RC jacketing on the shear walls. The L’Aquila earthquake revealed the numerous limitations of these interventions, because they led to increased seismic forces （due to greater additional weight） and to deformation incompatibilities of the incorporated elements with the existing masonry walls. This paper provides a discussion of technical issues pertaining to the seismic retrofit of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica and in particular, the limitations of the last （2000） retrofit intervention. Considerable damage was caused to the church because of questionable actions and incorrect and improper technical choices.

关键词： seismic vulnerability historic masonry building wooden roof structure seismic retrofit L’Aquila earthquake

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Optimal Feeder Routing in Urban distribution Networks Planning with Layout Constraints and Losses

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第5期8卷 1005-1014页

作者： alessandro Bosisio Alberto Berizzi Edoardo Amaldi Cristian Bovo Xu Andy Sun IEEE Department of Energy Politecnico di MilanoVia La Masa3420165 MilanoItaly Department of Electronics Informationand BioengineeringPolitecnico di MilanoVia Ponzio34/520133 MilanoItaly H.Milton Stewart School Georgia Institute of Technology775 Ferst DriveAtlanta GA 30332USA

We address the problem of optimally re-routing the feeders of urban distribution network in Milano,Italy,which presents some peculiarities and significant design *** has two separate medium-voltage(MV)distribution networks,previously operated by two different utilities,which grew up independently and *** results in a system layout which is inefficient,redundant,and difficult to manage due to different operating *** current utility UNARETI,which is in charge of the overall distribution system,aims at optimally integrating the two MV distribution networks and moving to a new specific layout that offers advantages from the perspectives of reliability and *** present a mixed-integer programming(MIP)approach for the design of a new network configuration satisfying the so-called 2-step ladder layout required by the *** model accounts for the main electrical constraints such as power flow equations,thermal limits of high-voltage(HV)/MV substation transformers,line thermal limits,and the maximum number of customers per *** power losses are taken into account via a quadratic formulation and a piecewise linear *** tests on a small-scale system and on a part of the Milano distribution network are reported.

关键词： Mixed-integer programming(MIP) graph theory power system planning urban distribution network feeder routing optimization

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Smart dust option for geomagnetic tail exploration

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Astrodynamics 2019年第3期3卷 217-230页

作者： alessandro A.Quarta Giovanni Mengali Lorenzo Niccolai Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of PisaPisaI-56122Italy

In-situ measurements are necessary for a long-term analysis of the spatial structure of the geomagnetic *** type of mission requires the use of a propellantless propulsion system,such as a classical solar sail,to continuously rotate the design orbit apse line such that it remains parallel to the Sun-Earth *** reduce the mission costs,this paper suggests the employment of Sun-pointing smart dusts,which are here investigated in terms of propulsive acceleration level necessary to guarantee a mission’s feasibility.A Sun-pointing smart dust can be thought of as a millimeter-scale solar sail,whose geometric configuration allows it to passively maintain an alignment with the Sun-spacecraft *** smart dust external surface is coated with an electrochromic reflective film in such a way that it may change,within some limits,its propulsive acceleration magnitude.A suitable control law is necessary for the smart dust to enable an artificial precession of its Earth-centred orbit,similar to what happens in the GeoSail *** paper analyzes the required control law using an optimal *** particular,the proposed mathematical model provides a set of approximate equations that allow a simple and effective tradeoff analysis between the propulsive requirements,in terms of the smart dust acceleration,and the characteristics of the design orbit.

关键词： smart dust femto solar sail electrochromic control system geomagnetic tail exploration

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Optimal solar sail transfers to circular Earth-synchronous displaced orbits

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Astrodynamics 2020年第3期4卷 193-204页

作者： alessandro A.Quarta Giovanni Mengali Marco Bassetto Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of PisaPisa I-56122Italy

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the minimum flight time of a solar sail-based spacecraft towards Earth-synchronous(heliocentric)circular displaced *** are special displaced non-Keplerian orbits characterized by a period of one year,which makes them suitable for the observation of Earth’s polar *** solar sail is modeled as a flat and purely reflective film with medium-low performance,that is,with a characteristic acceleration less than one millimeter per second *** from a circular parking orbit of radius equal to one astronomical unit,the optimal steering law is sought by considering the characteristic acceleration that is required for the maintenance of the target Earth-synchronous displaced *** indirect approach used for the calculation of the optimal transfer trajectory allows the minimum flight time to be correlated with several Earth-synchronous displaced orbits,each one being characterized by given values of Earth-spacecraft distance and displacement over the *** proposed mathematical model is validated by comparison with results available in the literature,in which a piecewise-constant steering law is used to find the optimal flight time for a transfer towards a one-year Type I non-Keplerian orbit.

关键词： solar sail synchronous displaced orbit trajectory optimization

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Modelling infrastructure interdependencies and cascading effects using temporal networks

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Resilient Cities and Structures 2024年第3期3卷 28-42页

作者： Gian Paolo Cimellaro alessandro Cardoni Andrei Reinhorn Department of Structural Geotechnical and Building EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly Department of Civil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo(SUNY)135 Ketter HallBuffalo NY 14260United States

Lifelines are critical infrastructure systems characterized by a high level of interdependency that can lead to cascading failures after any *** approaches can be used to analyze infrastructural interdependencies,but they are usually not able to describe the sequence of events during ***,interdependencies need to be modeled also taking into account the time *** methodology proposed in this paper is based on a modified version of the Input-output Inoperability Model and returns the probabilities of failure for each node of the *** are modeled using graph theory,while perturbations,representing a natural or man-made disaster,are applied to the elements of the network following predetermined *** cascading effects among interdependent networks have been simulated using a spatial multilayer approach,while the use of an adjacency tensor allows to consider the temporal dimension and its *** method has been tested on a case study based on the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear *** configurations of the system have been analyzed and their probability of occurrence *** models of the nuclear power plant have been developed to evaluate how different spatial scales and levels of detail affect the results.

关键词： Interdependent infrastructure Nuclear power plant Cascading effects Temporal networks Input-output methods

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Helicobacter pylori-negative Russell body gastritis:Case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第9期17卷 1234-1236页

作者： alessandro Del Gobbo Luca Elli Paola Braidotti Franca di Nuovo Silvano Bosari Solange Romagnoli Department of Medicine Surgery and DentistryDivision of PathologyA.O.San Paolo and Fondazione IRCCS Cà-Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of Milan Medical School Center for Prevention and diagnosis of Celiac disease Fondazione IRCCS Cà-Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of Milan Pathology Unit A.O.G.Salvini20024 Garbagnate MilaneseItaly

Russell body gastritis is an unusual form of chronic gastritis characterized by the permeation of lamina propria by numerous plasma cells with eosinophilic cytoplasmic *** few cases have been reported in the literature;the majority of which have shown Helicobacter Pylori(***)infection,thus suggesting a correlation between plasma cell presence and antigenic stimulation by *** present a case of Russell body gastritis in a 78-year-old woman who was undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for epigastric *** biopsy of the gastroesophageal junction showed the presence of cells with periodic acid-Schiff-positive hyaline pink *** staining for *** infection was nega-tive,as well as immunohistochemical *** cells with eosinophilic inclusions stained positive for CD138,CD79a,andκand lambda light chains,which confirmed plasma cell *** particular,κand lambda light chains showed a polyclonal origin and the patient was negative for immunological *** histological observations were confirmed by ultrastructural *** cases reported in the literature associated with *** infection have shown regression of plasma cells after eradication of *** is known about the progression of ***-negative *** unusual morphological appearance of this type of chronic gastritis should not be misinterpreted during routine examination,and it should be distinguished from other common forms of chronic *** is mandatory to exclude neoplastic diseases such as gastric carcinoma, lymphoma and plasmocytoma by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy,which can help with differential *** long-term effects of plasma cells hyperactivation are still unknown,because cases of gastric tumor that originated in patients affected by Russell body gastritis have not been described in the *** are of the opinion that these patients should be scheduled for endoscopic surveillance.

关键词： Russell body Gastritis Helicobacter Pylori Plasma cells Crystalline inclusions

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Combination therapy of dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with BRAF^(V600E)-mutated biliary tract cancer

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2021年第5期20卷 506-507页

作者： alessandro Rizzo Angela Dalia Ricci Giovanni Brandi division of Oncology Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bolognavia Albertoni 15BolognaItaly

To the Editor: In the last decade, next-generation sequencing(NGS)-based molecular profiling has shed light on the molecular landscape of biliary tract cancer(BTC), revealing the presence of several potentially actionable mutations [1]. According to Clinical ***, there are at least 40 phase I to IV ongoing trials aimed at evaluating the role of targeted treatments in BTC, as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents [2]. Early encouraging results have been observed with therapies targeting IDH mutations, FGFR fusions, HER family and, more recently, BRAF mutations [3].

关键词： BRAF cancer Clinical

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Optimal interplanetary trajectories for Sun-facing ideal diffractive sails

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Astrodynamics 2023年第3期7卷 285-299页

作者： alessandro A.Quarta Giovanni Mengali Marco Bassetto Lorenzo Niccolai Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of PisaI-56122 PisaItaly

A diffractive sail is a solar sail whose exposed surface is covered by an advanced diffractive metamaterial film with engineered optical properties. This study examines the optimal performance of a diffractive solar sail with a Sun-facing attitude in a typical orbit-to-orbit heliocentric transfer. A Sun-facing attitude, which can be passively maintained through the suitable design of the sail shape, is obtained when the sail nominal plane is perpendicular to the Sun–spacecraft line. Unlike an ideal reflective sail, a Sun-facing diffractive sail generates a large transverse thrust component that can be effectively exploited to change the orbital angular momentum. Using a recent thrust model, this study determines the optimal control law of a Sun-facing ideal diffractive sail and simulates the minimum transfer times for a set of interplanetary mission scenarios. It also quantifies the performance difference between Sun-facing diffractive sail and reflective sail. A case study presents the results of a potential mission to the asteroid 16 Psyche.

关键词： diffractive solar sail Sun-facing sail interplanetary transfer trajectory optimization

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