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Ages of celiac disease: From changing environment to improved diagnostics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第32期17卷 3665-3671页

作者： Alberto Tommasini Tarcisio Not alessandro Ventura Laboratory of Immunopathology Institute for Maternal and Child Health Scientific Institute for Research and Care Burlo Garofolo and University of Trieste Department of Pediatrics Institute for Maternal and Child Health Scientific Institute for Research and Care Burlo Garofolo and University of Trieste

From the time of Gee's landmark writings, the recent history of celiac disease (CD) can be divided into many ages, each driven by a diagnostic advance and a deeper knowledge of disease pathogenesis. At the same time, these advances were paralleled by the identification of new clinical patterns associated with CD and by a continuous redefinition of the prevalence of the disease in population. In the beginning, CD was considered a chronic indigestion, even if the causative food was not known; later, the disease was proven to depend on an intolerance to wheat gliadin, leading to typical mucosal changes in the gut and to a malabsorption syndrome. This knowledge led to curing the disease with a gluten-free diet. After the identification of antibodies to gluten (AGA) in the serum of patients and the identification of gluten-specific lymphocytes in the mucosa, CD was described as an immune disorder, resembling a chronic "gluten infection". The use of serological testing for AGA allowed identification of the higher prevalence of this disorder, revealing atypical patterns of presentation. More recently, the characterization of autoantibodies to endomysium and to transglutaminase shifted the attention to a complex autoimmune pathogenesis and to the increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders in untreated CD. New diagnostic assays, based on molecular technologies, will introduce new changes, with the promise of better defining the spectrum of gluten reactivity and the real burden of gluten related-disorders in the population. Herein, we describe the different periods of CD experience, and further developments for the next celiac age will be proposed.

关键词： Antibodies Autoimmunity Celiac disease Diagnostics History Intestinal mucosa

Application of a Robust Model Reference Adaptive Control Algorithm to a Nonlinear Automotive Actuator

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2014年第4期11卷 377-391页

作者： alessandro di Gaeta Umberto Montanaro Istituto Motori National Research Council Naples Italy

Model reference adaptive control is a viable control method to impose the demanded dynamics on plants whose parameters are affected by large uncertainty. In this paper, we show by means of experiments that robust adaptive methods can effectively face nonlinearities that are common to many automotive electromechanical devices. We consider here, as a representative case study, the control of a strongly nonlinear automotive actuator. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method to cope with unmodeled nonlinear terms and unknown parameters. In addition, the engineering performance indexes computed on experimental data clearly show that the robust adaptive strategy provides better performance compared with those given by a classical model-based control solution with fixed gains.

关键词： Model reference adaptive control robust adaptive control nonlinear systems automotive control electronic throttle body electromechanical actuators

Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: Where do we stand?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6747-6755页

作者： Mukta K Krane alessandro Fichera Department of Surgery University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 5841 South Maryland Ave MC 5095 Chicago IL 60637 United States

Large comparative studies and multiple prospective randomized control trials (RCTs) have reported equivalence in short and long-term outcomes between the open and laparoscopic approaches for the surgical treatment of colon cancer which has heralded widespread acceptance for laparoscopic resection of colon cancer. In contrast, laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for the treatment of rectal cancer has been welcomed with significantly less enthusiasm. While it is likely that patients with rectal cancer will experience the same benefits of early recovery and decreased postoperative pain from the laparoscopic approach, whether the same oncologic clearance, specifically an adequate TME can be obtained is of concern. The aim of the current study is to review the current level of evidence in the literature on laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery with regard to short-term and long-term oncologic outcomes. The data from 8 RCTs, 3 metaanalyses, and 2 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was reviewed. Current data suggests that laparoscopic rectal cancer resection may benefit patients with reduced blood loss, earlier return of bowel function, and shorter hospital length of stay. Concerns that laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery compromises short-term oncologic outcomes including number of lymph nodes retrieved and circumferential resection margin and jeopardizes long-term oncologic outcomes has not conclusively been refuted by the available literature. Laparoscopic rectal cancer resection is feasible but whether or not it compromises short-term or long-term results still needs to be further studied.

关键词： Rectal cancer Laparoscopy Total mesorectal excision Anterior resection Abdominoperineal resection

Multimodal Imaging with 3D-Holograms for Preoperative Planning in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery:A Unique Case Report

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第4期17卷 491-494页

作者： Federica Caldaroni Massimo Chessa alessandro Varrica alessandro Giamberti Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseMilanItaly ACHD Unit–Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseMilanItaly

Multimodal imaging,including augmented or mixed reality,transforms the physicians’interaction with clinical imaging,allowing more accurate data interpretation,better spatial resolution,and depth perception of the patient’s *** successfully overlay 3D holographic visualization to magnetic resonance imaging images for preoperative decision making of a complex case of cardiac tumour in a 7-year-old girl.

关键词： Hologram augmented reality multimodal imaging 3D CHD cardiac tumour arrhythmia anatomy

A Weighted Average Consensus Approach for Decentralized Federated Learning

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Machine Intelligence Research 2022年第4期19卷 319-330页

作者： alessandro Giuseppi Sabato Manfredi Antonio Pietrabissa Department of Computer Controland Management EngineeringUniversity of Rome La SapienzaRome 00185Italy Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology University of Naples Federico ⅡNaples 80125Italy

Federated learning(FedL)is a machine learning(ML)technique utilized to train deep neural networks(DeepNNs)in a distributed way without the need to share data among the federated training *** was proposed for edge computing and Internet of things(IoT)tasks in which a centralized server was responsible for coordinating and governing the training *** remove the design limitation implied by the centralized entity,this work proposes two different solutions to decentralize existing FedL algorithms,enabling the application of FedL on networks with arbitrary communication topologies,and thus extending the domain of application of FedL to more complex scenarios and new *** the two proposed algorithms,one,called FedLCon,is developed based on results from discrete-time weighted average consensus theory and is able to reconstruct the performances of the standard centralized FedL solutions,as also shown by the reported validation tests.

关键词： Federated learning(FedL) deep learning federated averaging(FedAvg) machine learning(ML) artificial intelligence discrete-time consensus distributed systems.

Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef Krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová Sushil Kumar Singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam M.Vinko alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand Sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DESY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

Comparison between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第1期13卷 151-162页

作者： Angelo Di Egidio Daniele Zulli alessandro Contento Department of Civil Engineering Architecture and Environment(DICEAA)University of L'Aquila

A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal *** center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric *** seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are *** study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer *** fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe *** particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.

关键词： seismic excitation 3D rigid block rectangular base rocking overturning

Non-toxic, high selectivity process for the extraction of precious metals from waste printed circuit boards

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第10期17卷 65-74页

作者： Giulia Merli alessandro Becci Alessia Amato Francesca Beolchini Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Polytechnic University of MarcheAncona 60131Italy

The work presented here focused on the extraction of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) from electronic waste using a solution of ammonium thiosulfate. Thiosulfate was used as a valid alternative to cyanide for precious metal extractions, due to its non-toxicity and high selectivity. The interactions between sodium thiosulfate, total ammonia/ammonium, precious metal concentrations and the particle size of the waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) were studied by the response surface methodology (RSM) and the principal component analysis (PCA) to maximize precious metal mobilization. Au extraction reached a high efficiency with a granulometry of less than 0.25 mm, but the consumption of reagents was high. On the other hand, Ag extraction depended neither on thiosulfate/ammonia concentration nor granulometry of WPCBs and it showed efficiency of 90% also with the biggest particle size (0.50 < Ø < 1.00 mm). Pd extraction, similarly to Au, showed the best efficiency with the smallest and the medium WPCB sizes, but required less reagents compared to Au. The results showed that precious metal leaching is a complex process (mainly for Au, which requires more severe conditions in order to achieve high extraction efficiencies) correlated with reagent concentrations, precious metal concentrations and WPCB particle sizes. These results have great potentiality, suggesting the possibility of a more selective recovery of precious metals based on the different granulometry of the WPCBs. Furthermore, the high extraction efficiencies obtained for all the metals bode well in the perspective of large-scale applications.

关键词： Thiosulfate Printed circuit boards Precious metals Leaching Hydrometallurgy

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and pathological complete response in rectal cancer

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第4期3卷 277-288,I0001页

作者： Linda Ferrari alessandro Fichera Division of General Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Washington Medical CenterSeattleWashington 98195USA

The management of rectal cancer has evolved significantly in the last few *** improvements in local disease control were achieved in the 1990s,with the introduction of total mesorectal excision and neoadjuvant *** 1 evidence has shown that,with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy(CRT)the rates of local recurrence can be lower than 6%and,as a result,neoadjuvant CRT currently represents the accepted standard of *** approach has led to reliable tumor down-staging,with 15–27%patients with a pathological complete response(pCR)—defined as no residual cancer found on histological examination of the *** who achieve pCR after CRT have better long-term outcomes,less risk of developing local or distal recurrence and improved *** all these reasons,sphincter-preserving procedures or organ-preserving options have been suggested,such as local excision of residual tumor or the omission of surgery *** local recurrence rate has been stable at 5–6%with this multidisciplinary management method,distal recurrence rates for locally-advanced rectal cancers remain in excess of 25%and represent the main cause of death in these *** this reason,more recent trials have been looking at the administration of full-dose systemic chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting(in order to offer early treatment of disseminated micrometastases,thus improving control of systemic disease)and selective use of radiotherapy only in non-responders or for low rectal tumors smaller than 5 cm.

关键词： rectal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy pathological complete response