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Comparisons of two global built area land cover datasets in methods to disaggregate human population in eleven countries from the global South

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 78-100页

作者： Forrest R.Stevens Andrea E.Gaughan Jeremiah JNieves Adam King alessandro sorichetta Catherine Linard Andrew JTatem Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA WorldPop Department of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Spatial Epidemiology Lab(SpELL) UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geography Universitéde NamurNamurBelgium Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden

Mapping built land cover at unprecedented detail has been facilitated by increasing availability of global high-resolution imagery and image processing *** advances in urban feature extraction and built-area detection can refine the mapping of human population densities,especially in lower income countries where rapid urbanization and changing population is accompanied by frequently out-of-date or inaccurate census ***,in these contexts it is unclear how best to use built-area data to disaggregate areal,count-based census *** we tested two methods using remotely sensed,built-area land cover data to disaggregate population *** included simple,areal weighting and more complex statistical models with other ancillary *** were assessed across eleven countries,representing different world regions varying in population densities,types of built infrastructure,and environmental *** found that for seven of 11 countries a Random Forest-based,machine learning approach outperforms simple,binary dasymetric disaggregation into remotely-sensed built *** these more complex models there was little evidence to support using any single built land cover input over the rest,and in most cases using more than one built-area data product resulted in higher predictive *** discuss these results and implications for future population modeling approaches.

关键词： Land cover built areas remote sensing settlement mapping population modeling

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Modelling changing population distributions:an example of the Kenyan Coast,1979–2009

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第10期10卷 1017-1029页

作者： Catherine Linard Caroline W.Kabaria Marius Gilbert Andrew J.Tatem Andrea E.Gaughan Forrest R.Stevens alessandro sorichetta Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow Spatial Epidemiology Lab(SpELL) UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geography Universitéde NamurNamurBelgium Spatial Health Metrics Group KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S.-FNRS) BrusselsBelgium WorldPop Department of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Fogarty International Center National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

Large-scale gridded population datasets are usually produced for the year of input census data using a top-down approach and projected backward and forward in time using national growth *** temporal projections do not include any subnational variation in population distribution trends and ignore changes in geographical covariates such as urban land cover *** predictions of population distribution changes over time require the use of a limited number of covariates that are time-invariant or temporally *** we make use of recently released multi-temporal high-resolution global settlement layers,historical census data and latest developments in population distribution modelling methods to reconstruct population distribution changes over 30 years across the Kenyan *** explore the methodological challenges associated with the production of gridded population distribution time-series in data-scarce countries and show that trade-offs have to be found between spatial and temporal resolutions when selecting the best modelling *** used to fill data gaps may vary according to the local context and the objective of the *** work will hopefully serve as a benchmark for future developments of population distribution time-series that are increasingly required for population-at-risk estimations and spatial modelling in various fields.

关键词： Human population distribution modelling gridded population datasets temporal change Kenya

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Conformational dynamics as an intrinsic determinant of prion protein misfolding and neurotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2095-2096页

作者： alessandro Cembran Pedro Fernandez-Funez Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMNUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical SchoolDuluth CampusDuluthMNUSA

The prion protein(PrP) is the key molecular and pathological mediator of prion diseases,a heterogeneous group of brain disorders with fatal *** diseases are rare but deserve special attention because of their unique f... 详细信息

关键词： folding intrinsic dynamics

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Beyond functional MRI signals:molecular and cellular modifiers of the functional connectome and cognition

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 937-938页

作者： Lorenzo Pini alessandro Salvalaggio Maurizio Corbetta Padova Neuroscience Center University of PadovaItaly Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine VIMMPadovaItaly Department of Neuroscience University of PadovaItaly

Our brain is constantly *** at rest,the brain carries out essential functions such as maintenance of resting potentials,subthreshold synaptic activity,and spiking activity related to information *** resting activity can be assessed with several in vivo tools,such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance *** technique measures subtle changes in blood flow,volume,and oxygenation that occur over *** vascular in nature,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is considered a reliable proxy of neural activity and several studies have shown that the brain is functionally divided into interacting neural networks called the“functional connectome”.

关键词： functional neural measures

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Pediatric stricturing Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1651-1654页

作者： alessandro Boscarelli Matteo Bramuzzo Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS“Burlo Garofolo”Trieste 34137Italy Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Nutrition Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS"Burlo Garofolo"Trieste 34137Italy

Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive *** incidence of pediatric CD is increasing and is currently 2.5-11.4 per 100000 ***,approximately 25%of children with CD develop stricturing CD(SCD)that requires *** stricturing diseases refractory to pharmacological management frequently require non-pharmacological ***-pharmacological therapeutic strategies include endoscopic balloon dilatation,stricturoplasty,and surgical resection of the strictured ***,strictures tend to recur postoperatively regardless of treatment *** lifetime risk of surgery in patients with childhood SCD remains at 50%-90%.Thus,new and emerging strategies,advanced diagnostic tools,and minimally invasive approaches are under investigation to improve the outcomes and overall quality of life of pediatric patients with SCD.

关键词： Stricturing Crohn’s disease Pediatrics Insights Future perspectives

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Non-anatomical liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma:the SegSubTe classification to overcome the problem of heterogeneity

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 265-271页

作者： Mattia Garancini alessandro Fogliati Mauro alessandro Scotti Cristina Ciulli Francesca Carissimi Antonio Rovere Luca Gianotti Fabrizio Romano Unit of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryASST-MonzaSan Gerardo HospitalUniversity of Milano-Bicoccavia Pergolesi 33MonzaMB 20052Italy Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyASST-MonzaSan Gerardo HospitalMilano-Bicocca Universityvia Pergolesi 33MonzaMB 20052Italy

Background:The superiority of anatomical resection(AR)***-anatomical resection(NAR)in the surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is *** are well-defined procedures,whereas the lack of NAR standardization results in heterogeneous *** study aimed to introduce the SegSubTe classification for NAR detailing the appropriateness of the level of surgical section of the Glissonean pedicles feeding the ***:A single-center retrospective analysis of pre-and postoperative imaging of consecutive patients treated with NAR for single HCC between 2012 and 2020 was *** quality of surgery was assessed classifying the type of vascular supply and the level of surgical section(segmental,subsegmental or terminal next to the tumor)of vascular pedicles feeding the HCCs;then,the population was divided in“SegSubTe-IN”or“SegSubTe-OUT”groups,and the tumor recurrence and survival were ***:Ninety-seven patients who underwent NAR were included;76%were SegSubTe-IN and 24%were *** disease recurrence,local recurrence and cut-edge recurrence in the SegSubTe-IN ***-OUT groups were 50%vs.83%(P=0.006),20%vs.52%(P=0.003)and 16%vs.39%(P=0.020),***-OUT odds ratio for local recurrence was 4.1 at univariate regression ***-,three-,and five-year disease-free survival rates in the SegSubTe-IN ***-OUT groups were 81%,58%and 35%vs.46%,21%and 11%,respectively(P<0.001).Conclusions:The SegSubTe classification is a useful tool to stratify and standardize NAR for HCC,aiming at improving long-term oncological outcomes and reducing the heterogeneity of quality of NAR for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Intraoperative ultrasound Liver surgery Computed tomography Surgical procedure

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A comprehensive review on the processing-property relationships of laser strengthened magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 1-34页

作者： alessandro M.Ralls Aaksheta Agnel Pradeep L.Menezes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557United States

Among the existing series of softer metals,magnesium(Mg)has attracted much attention due to its impressive strength-to-weight ***,due to its ease of deformability,Mg tends to suffer from rapid degradation in a wide variety of abrasive and electrochemical *** method of improving its surface properties is through surface modification *** the existing techniques,laser shock peening(LSP)has been one of the most widely utilized processes due to its surface-hardening-like *** this understanding,a comprehensive review has yet to exist that encapsulates the strengthening mechanism of LSP for Mg and its influence in degradation *** review aims to encapsulate the existing research around the LSP field for ***,an understanding of the surface-strengthening effects in relation to its mechanical,tribological,corrosion,and tribo-corrosion characteristics is ***,the feasibility of LSP for Mg materials in critical industries is also *** this work,a novel understanding of LSP for Mg can be understood,which can provide a future direction for research in this field.

关键词： Laser shock peening Magnesium Surface deformation Tribology Microstructure

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Spark Plasma Sintering of Mg-based Alloys:Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,Corrosion Behavior,and Tribological Performance

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 405-442页

作者： alessandro M.Ralls Mohammadreza Daroonparvar Pradeep L.Menezes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV89557United States

Within the past ten years,spark plasma sintering(SPS)has become an increasingly popular process for Mg *** the SPS process,interparticle diffusion of compressed particles is rapidly achieved due to the concept of Joule *** to traditional and additive manufacturing(AM)techniques,SPS gives unique control of the structural and microstructural features of Mg *** doing so,their mechanical,tribological,and corrosion properties can be *** great advancements in this field have been made,these pieces of knowledge are scattered and have not been contextualized into a single *** motivation of this work is to address this scientific gap and to provide a groundwork for understanding the basics of SPS manufacturing for *** do so,the existing body of SPS Mg literature was first surveyed,with a focus on their structural formation and degradation *** was found that successful Mg SPS fabrication highly depended on the processing temperature,particle size,and particle *** addition of metal and ceramic composites also affected their microstructural features due to the Zener pinning *** degradative environments,their performance depends on their structural features and whether they have secondary phased *** industrial applications,SPS'd Mg was found to have great potential in biomedical,hydrogen storage,battery,automotive,and recycling *** prospects to advance the field include using Mg as a doping agent for crystallite size refinement and using bulk metallic Mg-based glass powders for amorphous SPS *** these findings,the interactions of multi-composites on the processing-structure-property relationships of SPS Mg is not well *** total,this work will provide a useful direction in the SPS field and serve as a milestone for future Mg-based SPS manufacturing.

关键词： Spark plasma sintering Magnesium alloys Nanocrystalline Tribology Mechanical properties Corrosion

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Economic Risk Assessment of Future Debris Flows by Machine Learning Method

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 149-164页

作者： Chenchen Qiu Lijun Su alessandro Pasuto Giulia Bossi Xueyu Geng School of Engineering University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection(IRPI-CNR) National Research Council of ItalyPadova 35127Italy

A reliable economic risk map is critical for effective debris-flow ***,the uncertainties surrounding future scenarios in debris-flow frequency and magnitude restrict its *** estimate the economic risks caused by future debris flows,a machine learning-based method was proposed to generate an economic risk map by multiplying a debris-flow hazard map and an economic vulnerability *** selected the Gyirong Zangbo Basin as the study area because frequent severe debris flows impact the area every *** debris-flow hazard map was developed through the multiplication of the annual probability of spatial impact,temporal probability,and annual *** employed a hybrid machine learning model-certainty factor-genetic algorithm-support vector classification-to calculate ***,a Poisson model was applied for temporal probabilities,while the determination of annual probability of spatial impact relied on statistical ***,four major elements at risk were selected for the generation of an economic loss map:roads,vegetation-covered land,residential buildings,and *** economic loss of elements at risk was calculated based on physical vulnerabilities and their economic ***,we proposed a physical vulnerability matrix for residential buildings,factoring in impact pressure on buildings and their horizontal distance and vertical distance to debrisflow *** this context,an ensemble model(XGBoost) was used to predict debris-flow volumes to calculate impact pressures on *** results show that residential buildings occupy 76.7% of the total economic risk,while roadcovered areas contribute approximately 6.85%.Vegetation-covered land and farmland collectively represent 16.45% of the entire *** findings can provide a scientific support for the effective mitigation of future debris flows.

关键词： Economic risk Future debris fows Gyirong Zangbo Basin Machine learning model Physical vulnerability matrix Southwest Tibet,China

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A Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Heritage in Extreme Climate Changes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 404-420页

作者： Riccardo Cacciotti alessandro Sardella Milo? Drdácky Alessandra Bonazza Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale

Vulnerability evaluation plays a key role in risk assessment and reduction and is essential for defining strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In dealing with the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk, we are still far from adopting and applying an agreed methodology for vulnerability assessment. With the aim to support practitioners, heritage managers,and policy and decision makers to undertake actions that address the protection of cultural heritage at risk, the methodology set up in the framework of the Interreg Central Europe STRENCH is illustrated and discussed here. Based on three major requirements(susceptibility, exposure, and resilience) and a continuous consultation with local stakeholders, the proposed methodology is applicable for evaluating the vulnerability of built heritage and cultural landscape exposed to hydrometeorological hazards, such as heavy rains, floods, and droughts. The results obtained through its validation on 15 case studies from seven Central European regions are shown to underline the strengths and limitations of the methodological *** consultation with local stakeholders was fundamental for the definition of the criteria/subcriteria and related values for the assessment of the requirements. Application to further sites in other contexts would surely contribute to strengthening the reliability of the methodological approach.

关键词： Built and natural heritage Exposure Heritage vulnerability Resilience Risk management Susceptibility

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