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Understanding Farmers’ Preferences Towards Insurance Schemes that Promote Biosecurity Best Management Practices

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 705-715页

作者： rosa Mato-Amboage Julia Touza Mario Soliño department of Environment and Geography University of YorkYork YO105NGUnited Kingdom York Environmental Sustainability Institute University of YorkYork YO105NGUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC36208 VigoSpain Complutense Institute for International Studies(ICEI) Campus de Somosaguas28223 Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain

Plant pest and disease outbreaks,which occur with increasing frequency and intensity,cause catastrophic losses and threaten food security in many areas around the world.These impacts are expected to be exacerbated by climate change.Tackling this challenge requires mechanisms that ensure the financial security of farmers while incentivizing private biosecurity efforts to prevent future outbreaks.This study explored crop producers’ preferences for a subsidized insurance scheme as an instrument to manage novel biotic risks.Specific ally,we developed a choice experiment to evaluate Spanish growers’ willingness to pay for a crop insurance product that promotes compliance with best biosecurity management practices.Our results show that while growers are willing to pay more for high coverage products that increase the resilience of crops to potential catastrophic outbreaks,there is neither a strong demand nor widespread availability of such tools.Farmers required reductions in premiums before undertaking risk prevention measures;they are more willing to pay for schemes that link their eligibility to access to ad hoc funds in the eventuality of a catastrophic outbreak than they are to purchase insurance.Our findings also suggest that Spanish growers prefer expanding the eligible risks covered by insurance and envisage a role for insurance in offering biosecurity protection.

关键词： Biosecurity protection Choice experiment Crop insurance Pest risk Spain Subsidized insurance

Psychophysics in the ophthalmological practice—I.visual acuity

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： Carlo Aleci Claudio rosa department of Ophthalmology University of TurinMolinette HospitalTurinItaly

Perception is the ability to see,hear,or become aware of external stimuli through the senses.Visual stimuli are electromagnetic waves that interact with the eye and elicit a sensation.Sensations,indeed,imply the detection,resolution,and recognition of objects and images,and their accuracy depends on the integrity of the visual system.In clinical practice,evaluating the integrity of the visual system relies greatly on the assessment of visual acuity,that is to say on the capacity to identify a signal.Visual acuity,indeed,is of utmost importance for diagnosing and monitoring ophthalmological diseases.Visual acuity is a function that detects the presence of a stimulation(a signal)and resolves its detail(s).This is the case of a symbol like“E”:the stimulus is detected,then it is resolved as three horizontal bars and a vertical bar.In fact,within the clinical setting visual acuity is usually measured with alphanumeric symbols and is a three-step process that involves not only detection and resolution,but,due to the semantic content of letters and numbers,their recognition.Along with subjective(psychophysical)procedures,objective methods that do not require the active participation of the observer have been proposed to estimate visual acuity in non-collaborating subjects,malingerers,or toddlers.This paper aims to explain the psychophysical rationale underlying the measurement of visual acuity and revise the most common procedures used for its assessment.

关键词： Visual acuity(VA) Landolt ETDRS preferential looking Oktotype

EFFECTS OF RIVER NETWORK WORKS AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ON RESERVOIR SILTATION

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第4期22卷 273-281页

作者： Bruno MOLINO rosa VIPARELLI Annamaria de VINCENZO Prof. Department of Environmental Physics and Engineering University of Basilicata 85100 Potenza Italy

Knowledge of the morphological dynamics of a water course is essential for management of reservoir siltation. With an example of sedimentation in a reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, this paper demonstrates the effect on reservoir siltation of the hydraulic works, which are aimed to reduce sediment transport along the fluvial network and to prevent part of the sediment discharge from reaching the lake. The effect depends on the river type and on the the geological features of river basin slopes. The paper also shows how mass erosion can significantly contribute to development of reservoir siltation. Finally, preliminary results are provided about the time needed for river training works to be effective.

关键词： Water resources management River hydraulic works Soil erosion Landslide Reservoir siltation

Compositional Features of Fine Sediments Involved in the Montescaglioso Landslide(Southern Italy)

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1513-1525页

作者： Vito Summa rosa Sinisi Eleonora Paris Agnese Emanuela Bonomo National Research Council Institute of Methodologies for Environmental AnalysisC/da S.Loja 85050Tito ScaloItaly School of Science and Technology Geology DivisionUniversity of Camerino62032CamerinoItaly

This paper presents the multidisciplinary study of the southern Italy Plio-Pleistocene sediments involved in the large Montescaglioso Landslide.The principal aim of the work is to assess the compositional characters(i.e.,grain-size,mineralogy,petrography and geochemistry)and some rheological features(Atterberg’s limits,plasticity index and activity)of these sediments to enrich our knowledge about the Montescaglioso fine sediments and correlation among the lithological properties studied.Two types of sediments,from a deep geognostic borehole and from the surrounding landslide area,were collected and analysed.No significant compositional differences have been found between the core and landslide area sediments.Conversely,some changes have been detected in sediments along the core.Particularly,the-15 to-20 m lithostratigraphic level hosts the highest percentages of phyllosilicates and clay fraction(CF),commonly considered as possible hazard factors for the landslide triggering.Further more,in the studied core sediments,the CF contents correlate with the Atterberg’s liquid and plastic limits and a CF value of about 38%was suggested as threshold value for the changing of index properties of sediments.Other factors,such as the weathering degree and clay mineral type,do not show significant correlations with the rheological properties of sediments here studied.

关键词： grain-size mineralogy geochemistry index properties Plio-Pleistocene sediments

Monitoring dynamics of defects and single Fe atoms in N-functionalized few-layer graphene by in situ temperature programmed scanning transmission electron microscopy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 520-530,I0014页

作者： rosa Arrigo Takeo Sasaki June Callison Diego Gianolio Manfred Erwin Schuster School of Science Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchester M54WTUK Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot 0X1/ODEUK JEOL UK Ltd.JEOL House 1-2 Silver CourtWatchmeadWelwyn Garden CityHerts AL71LTUK department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H OAJUK UK Catalysis Hub Research Complex at Harwell(RCaH)Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Oxon 0X11 OFAUK Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Reading RG49NH.UK

In this study,we aim to contribute an understanding of the pathway of formation of Fe species during top-down synthesis of dispersed Fe on N-functionalized few layer graphene,widely used in electrocatalysis.We use X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the electronic structure and coordination geometry of the Fe species and in situ high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with atomic resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy to localize these,identify their chemical configuration and monitor their dynamics during thermal annealing.We show the high mobility of peripheral Fe atoms,first diffusing rapidly at the trims of the graphene layers and at temperatures as high as 573 K,diffusing from the edge planes towards in-plane locations of the graphene layers forming three-,four-coordinated metal sites and more complexes polynuclear Fe species.This process occurs via bond C-C breaking which partially reduces the extension of the graphene domains.However,the vast majority of Fe is segregated as a metal phase.This dynamic interconversion depends on the structural details of the surrounding graphitic environment in which these are formed as well as the Fe loading.N species appear stabilizing isolated and polynuclear Fe species even at temperatures as high as 873 K.The significance of our results lies on the fact that single Fe atoms in graphene are highly mobile and therefore a structural description of the electroactive sites as such is insufficient and more complex species might be more relevant,especially in the case of multielectron transfer reactions.Here we provide the experimental evidence of the formation of these polynuclear Fe-N sites and their structural characteristics.

关键词： HAADF-STEM Single Fe atom sites N-doped Few-layer graphene Dinuclear Fe species

Current applications of big data and machine learning in cardiology

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第8期16卷 601-607页

作者： Renato Cuocolo Teresa Perillo Eliana de rosa Lorenzo Ugga Mario Petretta department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly department of Translational Medical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly

Machine learning (ML) is a software solution with the ability of making predictions without prior explicit programming, aiding in the analysis of large amounts of data. These algorithms can be trained through supervised or unsupervised learning. Cardiology is one of the fields of medicine with the highest interest in its applications. They can facilitate every step of patient care, reducing the margin of error and contributing to precision medicine. In particular, ML has been proposed for cardiac imaging applications such as automated computation of scores, differentiation of prognostic phenotypes, quantification of heart function and segmentation of the heart. These tools have also demonstrated the capability of performing early and accurate detection of anomalies in electrocardiographic exams. ML algorithms can also contribute to cardiovascular risk assessment in different settings and perform predictions of cardiovascular events. Another interesting research avenue in this field is represented by genomic assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, ML could aid in making earlier diagnosis of disease, develop patient-tailored therapies and identify predictive characteristics in different pathologic conditions, leading to precision cardiology.

关键词： Cardiac imaging techniques Cardiology Electrocardiography Machine learning Review

Prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in preterm,small for gestational age and low birth weight newborns:characteristics and cytokines profile

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第7期18卷 498-504页

作者： Janaina Fortes Lino Llian Martins Oliveira Diniz debora Marques de Miranda Daniela Valadao Freitas rosa Nathalia Gualberto Souza e Silva Eduardo de Souza Nicolau Larissa Goncalves Rezende Lais Silva Carvalho Marianna Fischer de Paula Lopes Luisa Petri Correa Gabriela Mafra de Oliveira Flavia Miranda da Silva Alves Lorena Batista Pascoal Erika Lima Dolabella Teixeira da Costal Leni Marcia Anchieta Roberta Maia de Castro Romaneli Odete Valadares Maternity Hospital Belo HorizonteBrazil Pediatrics department.Faculy of Medice of Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte.Brazil Molecular Laboratory of the INCT-MM.Faculy of Medicine.Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG.Belo Horizonte Brazil Faculty of Medicine.Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG Belo Horizonte.Brazil Risoleta Tolentino.Neves University Hospital's Maternity Belo HorizonteBrazil Sofia Feldman Maternity Hospital Belo HorizonteBrazil Hospital das Clinicas Maternity-Federal University of Minas Gerais.Belo Horizonte Brazil Pediatrics department of Federal University of Minas Gerais School Medicine.Minas Gerais.Av Professor Alfredo Balena 190.Belo Horizonte 30130-100Brazil

Cytomegalovirus is the most frequent agent of congenital viral infections,affecting approximately 0.2%-2.4%of live births in different countries[1-7].Universal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns is not a standard practice considering cost-benefit issues and viabil-ity of diagnostic tests.Besides,most newborns are asympto-matic and there is no effective treatment for this population[2-5].

关键词： weight birth characteristics

Site Characterization Index for Continuous Power Quality Monitoring Based on Higher-order Statistics

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第1期10卷 222-231页

作者： Olivia Florencias-Oliveros Juan-José González-de-la-rosa Jose-María Sierra-Fernández Agustín Agüera-Pérez Manuel-Jesús Espinosa-Gavira José-Carlos Palomares-Salas department of Automation Engineering ElectronicsArchitecture and Computers NetworksResearch Group TIC168Higher Polytechnic SchoolUniversity of CádizAlgeciras 11202Spain

The high penetration of distributed generation(DG)has set up a challenge for energy management and consequently for the monitoring and assessment of power quality(PQ).Besides,there are new types of disturbances owing to the uncontrolled connections of non-linear loads.The stochastic behaviour triggers the need for new holistic indicators which also deal with big data of PQ in terms of compression and scalability so as to extract the useful information regarding different network states and the prevailing PQ disturbances for future risk assessment and energy management systems.Permanent and continuous monitoring would guarantee the report to claim for damages and to assess the risk of PQ distortions.In this context,we propose a measurement method that postulates the use of two-dimensional(2D)diagrams based on higher-order statistics(HOSs)and a previous voltage quality index that assesses the voltage supply waveform in a continous monitoring campaign.Being suitable for both PQ and reliability applications,the results conclude that the inclusion of HOS measurements in the industrial metrological reports helps characterize the deviations of the voltage supply waveform,extracting the individual customers’pattern fingerprint,and compressing the data from both time and spatial aspects.The method allows a continuous and robust performance needed in the SG framework.Consequently,the method can be used by an average consumer as a probabilistic method to assess the risk of PQ deviations in site characterization.

关键词： Continuous statistical monitoring big data data compression higher-order statistics(HOSs) power quality(PQ)

deep learning for land use and land cover classification from the Ecuadorian Paramo.

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 1001-1017页

作者： Marco Castelo-Cabay Jose A.Piedra-Fernandez rosa Ayala Applied Computing Group University of AlmeriaAlmeriaSpain

The paramo,plays an important role in our ecosystems as They balance the water resources and can retain substantial quantities of carbon.This research was carried out in the province of Tungurahua,specifically the Quero district.The aim is to develop a classification of the land use land cover(LULC)in the paramo using satellite imagery using several classifiers and determine which one obtains the best performance,for which three different approaches were applied:Pixel-Based Image Analysis(PBIA),Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis(GEOBIA),and a deep Neural Network(DNN).Various parameters were used,such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),the Bare Soil Index(BSI),texture,altitude,and slope.Seven classes were used:paramo,pasture,crops,herbaceous vegetation,urban,shrubrainland,and forestry plantations.The data was obtained with the help of onsite technical experts,using geo-referencing and reference maps.Among the models used the highest-ranked was DNN with an overall precision of 87.43%,while for the paramo class specifically,GEOBIA reached a precision of 95%.

关键词： Classification land use and land cover pixel-based image analysis geographic object-based image analysis deep neural network