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Long-Term Cropping System, Tillage, and Poultry Litter Application Affect the Chemical Properties of an Alabama Ultisol

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 180-194页

作者： Zhongqi HE Irenus A.TAZISOnG Xinhua YIn Dexter B.WATTS Zachary n.SEnWO Henry Allen TORBERT United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) Southern Regional Research Center Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) National Soil Dynamics Laboratory

Sustainable agricultural practices have been steadily increasing in the last couple of decades. These management practices frequently involve cover crops, less or no-tillage, and organic fertilization. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cropping systems,tillage and no-tillage, and the application of poultry litter(PL) on selected soil physicochemical properties and soil test nutrients. Soil samples were collected from the topmost surface(0–5 cm) and subsurface(5–10 cm) layers. The general effect trend was PL application > no-tillage > cover crop > cropping type. There were more statistically significant(P ≤ 0.05) correlations between the 18 soil attributes at the topmost surface than at the subsurface. This could be due to the accumulation of external C inputs and nutrients by crop residues and PL application as well as the retaining effects of no-tillage on less mobile nutrient components. Because of their high mobility and volatile nature, total nitrogen(n), ammonia-n(nH_4^+-n), and nitrate-n(nO_3^--n) levels varied greatly(high standard deviations), showing no consistent patterns among the treatments. Compared to the soybean cropping system, corn, especially with the wheat cover crop, contributed more to the total carbon(C) and sulfur(S) in the topmost surface soils(0–5 cm). Poultry litter application greatly increased pH, cation exchange capacity(CEC), base saturation, magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), calcium(Ca),sodium(na), potassium(K), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), and zinc(Zn) in both soil layers. Contrast comparisons revealed that PL application had more of an effect on these soil chemical properties than no-tillage and cropping systems. These results will shed light on developing better nutrient management practices while reducing their runoff potentials.

关键词： conventional tillage cover crop Mehlich-3 extraction no-tillage nutrient management practice organic fertilization soil attributes soil test nutrients

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Out of Africa: Miocene Dispersal, Vicariance, and Extinction within Hyacinthaceae Subfamily Urgineoideae

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第10期55卷 950-964页

作者： Syed Shujait Ali Martin Pfosser Wolfgang Wetschnig Mario Martínez Azorín Manuel B.Crespo Yan Yu Institute of Plant Sciences Karl Franzens University Graz Biocenter Linz Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat CIBIO (Instituto Universitario de la Biodiversidad) Universidad de Alicante Key Laboratory of Bio Resources and Eco Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Sichuan University

Disjunct distribution patterns in plant lineages are usually explained according to three hypotheses： vicariance, geodispersal, and long-distance dispersal. The role of these hypotheses is tested in Urgineoideae （Hyacinthaceae）, a subfamily disjunctly distributed in Africa, Madagascar, India, and the Mediterranean region. The potential ancestral range, dispersal routes, and factors responsible for the current distribution in Urgineoideae are investigated using divergence time estimations. Urgineoideae originated in Southern Africa approximately 48.9 Mya. Two independent dispersal events in the Western Mediterranean region possibly occurred during Early Oligocene and Miocene （29.9-8.5 Mya） via Eastern and northwestern Africa. A dispersal from northwestern Africa to India could have occurred between 16.3 and 7.6 Mya. Vicariance and extinction events occurred approximately 21.6 Mya. Colonization of Madagascar occurred between 30.6 and 16.6 Mya, after a single transoceanic dispersal event from Southern Africa. The current disjunct distributions of Urgineoideae are not satisfactorily explained by Gondwana fragmentation or dispersal via boreotropical forests, due to the younger divergence time estimates. The flattened winged seeds of Urgineoideae could have played an important role in long- distance dispersal by strong winds and big storms, whereas geodispersal could have also occurred from Southern Africa to Asia and the Mediterranean region via the so-called arid and high-altitude corridors.

关键词： Bayesian binary method Bayesian divergence estimates biogeography disjunct distribution time-event curve Urgineoideae.

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A Statistical Analysis of Point-like Sources in the Chandra Galactic Center Survey

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2007年第1期7卷 81-90页

作者： J. E Wu S. n. Zhang F.J. Lu Y. K. Jin Department of Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100049 Department of Engineering Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

The Chandra Galactic Center Survey detected -800 X-ray point-like sources in the 2°× 0.8° sky region around the Galactic Center. We study the spatial and luminosity distributions of these sources according to their spectral properties. Fourteen bright sources detected are used to fit jointly an absorbed power-law model, from which the power-law photon index is determined to be -2.5. Assuming that all other sources have the same power-law form, the relation between hardness ratio and HI column density nH is used to estimate the nH values for all sources. Monte Carlo simulations show that these sources are more likely concentrated in the Galactic center region, rather than distributed throughout the Galactic disk. We also find that the luminosities of the sources are positively correlated with their HI column densities, i.e., a more luminous source has a higher HI column density. From this relation, we suggest that the X-ray luminosity comes from the interaction between an isolated old neutron star and interstellar medium （mainly dense molecular clouds）. Using the standard Bondi accretion theory and the statistical information of molecular clouds in the Galactic center, we confirm this positive correlation and calculate the luminosity range in this scenario, which is consistent with the observation （10^32 - 10^35 erg s^-1）.

关键词： methods data analysis-Galaxy center-X-ray stars

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Amino Compounds in Poultry Litter,Litter-Amended Pasture Soils and Grass Shoots

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Pedosphere 2014年第2期24卷 178-185页

作者： Z.Q.HE Z.n.SEnWO H.X.ZOU I.A.TAZISOnG D.A.MARTEnS USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering the University of Maine USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center

Amino compounds （ACs）, i.e., amino acids and amino sugars, are the major forms of organic nitrogen （n） in animal manure and soil. To increase our understanding on the effect of long-term poultry litter （PL） application on soil AC pools and turnover, in this study, we determined the contents of 21 ACs in 23 PL samples, i5 soil samples collected from 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm layers of five pasture plots with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years of PL applications, and 5 grass shoot samples grown on these pasture fields. The contents of 21 ACs were simultaneously determined by methanesulfonic acid hydrolysis/extraction and anion chromatography-pulsed amperometry. PL application increased soil total and individual AC contents with a distribution pattern similar to that of AC in PL. The highest AC-n concentrations were observed in the soils with 10- or 15-year PL applications, inconsistent with the order of annual application rates or eunmlative applied PL amounts. Application of PL increased the AC contents in grass shoots whereby the highest increase of most ACs was with the shoots from the fields that received PL for 5 years. These observations suggested that both freshly applied and residual PL had contributions to the soil AC-n, and that PL application also accelerated AC-n transformation in soil.

关键词： amino acids amino sugars broiler feed soil nitrogen

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Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in Uterusis Ovarian Steroid Dependent:An in situ Immunohistochemical Study in Rat

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2012年第4期23卷 222-236页

作者： Daniel Mize Purba Jyoti Saikia Hirendra n Sarma Department of Zoology (Center with potential for excellence in Biodiversity) Rajiv Gandhi University

Objective To study the immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor- I （IGF-I） in rats＇ uteri to determine if expression of the growth factor is ovarian steroid dependent. The study was carried out in presence and absence of ovary in situ of non pregnant females and during early gestation （day 1 to day 5.5）. Cyclic females were tested to observe the effect of native steroids on IGF-I expression. Adult females were ovariectomized （OVX） and injected （s.c） with estradiol-1713 in a dose of O.1 I^g/ml per day for three consecutive days at interval of 24 h prior to the collection of uterine horns. During the early pregnancy, studies were carried out on day 3.5 and day 5. 5 of geatation respectively to determine the Steroids＇ effects during pre- and post-implantation period Tamoxifen was administered （s.c） in a dose of 250 Ug/ml per day from day 1 to day 3 of gestation while, the prostaglandin F2a （PGF2a） was administered （s.c） from day 3 of gestation onward for three consecutive days at interval of 24 h in a dose of 150 μg/ml per day. Expression of lGF-I was immunohistochemically localised using IGF-1 antibody in paraffin embedded sections. Results IGF-I was expressed in rat uterus during estrus phase as well as during pre and post-implantation period The ovariectomized females＇ uteri lost the expression of IGF-1. Exogenous administration of tamoxifen and PGF2a reduce the expression of the growth factor. Conclusion Expression of lGF-1 in rat uterus during cyclic stage and early gestation depends upon the availability of circulating estrogen and progesterone. Uterine expression of lGF-I can be modulated by manipulating circulating ovarian steroid either during cyclic stage or during gestation.

关键词： IGF-I tamoxifen, PGF2a uterus implantation

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Lenvatinib as first-line therapy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation:Is the current evidence applicable to these patients?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第11期10卷 297-306页

作者： Federico Piñero Marcos Thompson Juan Ignacio Marín Marcelo Silva Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit Hospital Universitario AustralBuenos Aires B1629HJArgentina Hospital Universitario Austral Facultad de Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad AustralBuenos Aires B1629HJArgentina Latin American Liver Research Educational and Awareness network(LALREAn) Buenos Aires B1629HJArgentina Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit Hospital Pablo Tobón UribeMedellín 240Colombia

Liver transplantation(LT)is one of the leading curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Despite recent optimization of transplant selection criteria,including alpha-feto protein,HCC recurrence after LT is still the leading cause of death in these *** the last decades,effective systemic treatments for HCC,including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy,have been *** describe the clinical scenario of a patient with recurrence of HCC five years after LT,who received lenvatinib as first-line systemic therapy to introduce systemic treatment options in this clinical *** this opinion review,we detail first and second-line systemic treatment options,focusing on those feasible for patients with recurrent HCC after *** trials have evaluated new drugs to treat HCC patients in first and secondline therapy,but patients with recurrent HCC after LT have been excluded from these ***,most of the evidence comes from observational retrospective *** tyrosine kinase inhibitors will remain the primary therapeutic approach in these patients,due to a relative contraindication for immunotherapy,may be clarified in the near future.

关键词： Liver transplantation Recurrence Systemic therapies Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Adsorption and Uptake of Cadmium by Azolla pinnata:Kinetics of Inhibition by Cations

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995年第2期8卷 149-157页

作者： J.P.GAUR n.nORAHO LaboratoryofAlgalBiology CentreofAdvancedStudyinBotanyBanarasHinduUniversityVaranasi221005India Bo

A. pinnata showed a remarkable ability of taking up Cd from the external medium. Of the total Cd taken up by the test plant, surface adsorption was about 90%. Cd adsorption did not occur at a constant rate, however, an equilibrium was reached in 2 h. The uptake of Cd occurred at a constant rate. Test cations, including heavy metals (Ca, Mg, K, na,ni, Fe, Cu and Zn), inhibited adsorption as well as uptake of Cd. Cd adsorption was competitively inhibited by Cu, Fe and Zn, whereas Ca, Mg, K, na and ni caused non-competitive inhibition. Similarly, Cd uptake was competitively (Ca, Mg, Fe) or non-competitively (na, K, ni, Zn) inhibited by cations. Inhibition of Cd uptake by Cu was not wholly competitive

关键词： Adsorption and Uptake of Cadmium by Azolla pinnata

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Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1053-1070页

作者： Amber n.Hafeez Sanu Arora Sreya Ghosh David Gilbert Robert L.Bowden Brande B.H.Wulff John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKS 66506USA

Disease-resistance(R)gene cloning in wheat(Triticum aestivum)has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources,facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and ***,with the challenges of population growth and climate change,it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes,but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten *** populations are continually changing,and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily *** meet this challenge,we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and *** atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens,such as wheat rusts,blotch diseases,powdery mildew,and wheat *** present a costed proposal detailing how the inter-acting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping,mutational genomics,and whole-genome association *** explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat,as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens,and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic,durable approach to R-gene *** against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide,recently estimated at 21%,this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.

关键词： wheat Triticum aestivum disease resistance R genes association genetics gene stewardship durable resistance

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Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in human gastric cancer and superficial gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第12期16卷 1500-1505页

作者： Clara Luz Sampieri Sol de la Pea Mariana Ochoa-Lara Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas Kenneth León-Córdoba Institute of Public Health Veracruzana University Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program Institute of Health SciencesVeracruzana University Dr.Miguel Dorantes Mesa Hospital

AIM:To assess expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2(MMP2)and MMP9 in gastric cancer,superficial gastritis and normal mucosa,and to measure metalloproteinase ***:MMP2 and MMP9 mRnA expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain *** was carried out using three different *** were analyzed by quantitative gelatin zymography(qGZ).RESULTS:18S ribosomal RnA(18SRnA)was very highly expressed,while hypoxanthine ribosyltransferase-1(HPRT-1)was moderately ***2 was highly expressed,while MMP9 was not detected or lowly expressed in normal tissues,moderately or highly expressed in gastritis and highly expressed in *** expression of 18SRnA and HPRT-1 showed no significant *** differences in MMP2 and MMP9 were found between cancer and normal tissue,but not between gastritis and normal *** quantification of MMP9 echoed this pattern,but differential expression of MMP2 proved *** by qGZ indicated significant differences between cancer and normal tissue in MMP-2,total MMP-9,250 and 110 kDa ***:MMP9 expression is enhanced in gastric cancer compared to normal mucosa;interpretation of differential expression of MMP2 is difficult to establish.

关键词： Gastric cancer Superficial gastritis Matrix metalloproteinases Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction Quantitative zymography

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Improved Archimedes Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Empowered Fall Detection System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2713-2727页

作者： Ala Saleh Alluhaidan Masoud Alajmi Fahd n.Al-Wesabi Anwer Mustafa Hilal Manar Ahmed Hamza Abdelwahed Motwakel Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Science&Arts at MahayilKing Khalid UniversityMuhayel Aseer62529Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer and IT Sana’a UniversitySana’a61101Yemen Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

Human fall detection(FD)acts as an important part in creating sensor based alarm system,enabling physical therapists to minimize the effect of fall events and save human ***,elderly people suffer from several diseases,and fall action is a common situation which can occur at any *** this view,this paper presents an Improved Archimedes Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Empowered Fall Detection(IAOA-DLFD)model to identify the fall/non-fall *** proposed IAOA-DLFD technique comprises different levels of pre-processing to improve the input image ***,the IAOA with Capsule network based feature extractor is derived to produce an optimal set of feature *** addition,the IAOA uses to significantly boost the overall FD performance by optimal choice of Capsnet ***,radial basis function(RBF)network is applied for determining the proper class labels of the test *** showcase the enhanced performance of the IAOA-DLFD technique,a wide range of experiments are executed and the outcomes stated the enhanced detection outcome of the IAOA-DLFD approach over the recent methods with the accuracy of 0.997.

关键词： Fall detection intelligent model deep learning archimedes optimization algorithm capsule network

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