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Optimal diet strategy of a large-bodied psittacine: food resource abundance and nutritional content enable facultative dietary specialization by the Military Macaw

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者： Sylvia margarita de la parra‑martinez Luis Guillermo Munoz‑Lacy alejandro Salinas‑Melgoza Katherine Renton Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraAv.Universidad No.203Delegacion IxtapaC.P.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMexico Comision nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso para la Biodiversidad Liga Periferico‑Insurgentes Sur 4903Delegacion Tlalpan14010 Mexico CityMexico Facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoCiudad UniversitariaMoreliaMichoacanMexico Estacion de Biologia Chamela Instituto de BiologiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApartado Postal 21San Patricio‑MelaqueJaliscoMexico

Background:Dietary specialization should arise when there is a relatively high abundance of a particular resource,where animals may select food items to obtain an optimal diet that maximizes energy ***‑bodied psittacines frequently exhibit a narrow dietary niche with specific habitat use,but few studies have determined whether psittacines select food resources,and how this influences habitat ***:We established fruiting phenology transects to evaluate food resource availability for the large‑bodied Military Macaw(Ara militaris)in semi‑deciduous,deciduous,and pine‑oak forest at two sites along the coast of Jalisco,during the dry season when macaws are *** also determined Military Macaw diet by observations of foraging macaws along transect routes,and conducted bromatological analysis of the nutritional content of the most consumed ***:Military Macaws used six plant species as food items during the dry season,and had a narrow dietary niche(Levins’B=0.28),with 56%of foraging macaws consuming the seeds of Hura *** food resources were recorded in pine‑oak forest during the dry season,with food resources and foraging by macaws concentrated in tropical deciduous and semi‑deciduous forest,where *** was the most abundant fruiting tree *** considering the proportional availability of food resources,we determined a broad Hurlbert dietary niche breadth of H=0.67,indicating that Military Macaws consumed food resources according to their ***,the seeds of *** were an important source of protein,carbohydrates,minerals and moisture,and the hard fruitcasing means that these seeds are exclusively available for ***:By concentrating their diet on the most abundant resources,Military Macaws may increase foraging efficiency in the dry *** high nutrient content also means that concentrating the diet on seeds of *** may be an optimal foraging strategy for Military Macaws

关键词： Ara militaris Bromatological analysis Diet composition Food resource selection Fruiting phenology Hura polyandra Psittacidae Tropical dry forest

Behavioral parameters of six populations of/Wecavs phyllosomus longipennis(Heteroptera:Reduviidae)from areas with high and low prevalences of Trypanosoma cruzi human infection

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Insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 850-860页

作者： Jose alejandro martinez-lbarra Benjamin nogueda-Torres Oziel Dante Montanez-Valdez J.Guadalupe Michel-parra Miguel Angel Ambriz-Santos Laboratories de Entomologia Medica Centro Universitario del SurUniversidad de GuadalajaraCiudad GuzmanJaliscoMexico Cuerpo Academico de Cuencas Humedales y SustentabilidadDepartamento de Ciencias de la NaturalezaCentro Universitario del SurUniversidad de GuadalajaraCiudad GuzmanJaliscoMexico Becario de COFAA Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BioldgicasInstituto Politecnico NacionalCiudad de MexicoMexico

Three behaviors of epidemiological importance,namely feeding latency,feeding duration and defecation latency,for six populations of Meccus phyllosomus longipennis(Usinger)from areas of central,western and north-central Mexico with high(HP)and low(LP)prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi(Chagas)human infection were evaluated in this *** median feeding latency(the time taken to begin feeding)was highly variable between ***-instar comparisons showed that at least 65%of the LP populations(n3 to adult)started to feed significantly(Pn the HP population,with n1 showing no difference,and n2 from LP populations feeding sooner than those from HP *** six populations had similar median feeding durations within instars.A higher(Pntage of the instars from HP populations defecated faster than the respective instars from the three LP *** 25%of the young nymphs(n1 to n3)and females in the HP populations defecatedn postfeeding,compared with 4%-6%of the young nymphs and 1.3%-3%of females in the LP ***,17.7%-38.8%of the older nymphs(n4 to n5)in the HP populations and 6.8%-13.4%in the LP populations defecated during or immediately after *** results indicate that the HP populations have a greater potential than the LP populations to transmit *** infections,which may underlie the differences in the prevalence of *** infection in some areas where M *** is currently distributed.

关键词： Chagas disease Meccus phyllosomus longipennis populations Mexico Tri-atominae Trypanosoma cruzi vectorial capacity

Emerging therapeutic options in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第48期27卷 8242-8261页

作者： Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho norma n parra-Holguín Gastroenterology Unit Inflammatory Bowel Disease ClinicInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y NutricionMexico City 14080Mexico

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic disease that requires chronic treatment throughout the evolution of the disease,with a complex physiopathology that entails great challenges for the development of new and specific treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's *** anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy has impacted the clinical course of IBD in those patients who do not respond to conventional treatment,so there is a need to develop new therapies and markers of treatment *** pathways involved in the development of the disease are known and the new therapies have focused on blocking the inflammatory process at the gastrointestinal level by oral,intravenous,subcutaneous,and topical *** these new therapies can lead to more personalized treatments with higher success rates and fewer *** treatments have not only focused on clinical remission,but also on achieving macroscopic changes at the endoscopic level and microscopic changes by achieving mucosal *** treatments are mainly based on modifying signaling pathways,by blocking receptors or ligands,reducing cell migration and maintaining the integrity of the epithelial ***,this review presents the efficacy and safety of the new treatments that are currently under study and the advances that have been made in this area in recent years.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Review Emerging Treatment Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

WHICH IS THE USE OF SYSTEMS THEORY In LITERATURE AnALYSIS？： THE DISCOVERY OF THE PLACE In LA MAnCHA In DOn QUIXOTE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第4期26卷 517-530页

作者： Francisco parra-Luna Complutense University of Madrid Yucatan 26 28231 Las Rozas Spain

The use of systems theory to attempt to determine which ＂place in La Mancha＂ was the one whose name Cervantes could not quite recall in his universal novel, appears to be ordained to change certain attitudes towards science held in Cervanfine literature. The reason： after four centuries of literary analysis, systemic methodology has proven able to identify the famous ＂place＂ with acceptable accuracy. nonetheless, certain reasonable doubts persist around the suitability of a strictly scientific analysis of literature. In light of those doubts, the present article aims primarily to facilitate critique both of the systemic approach adopted and its outcome.

关键词： Don Quixote place in La Mancha systems theory epistemological totality determinantvariables

A scoping review on the field validation and implementation of rapid diagnostic tests for vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban areas

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 879-896页

作者： Lyda Osorio Jonny alejandro Garcia Luis Gabriel parra Victor Garcia Laura Torres Stephanie Degroote Valery Ridde Epidemiology and Population Health Research Group School of Public HealthUniversidad del ValleCalle 4B No.36-00 Edif 118 Escuela de Salud PúblicaUniversidad del Valle Campus San FernandoCaliColombia School of Medicine Universidad del ValleCaliColombia University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute(IRSPUM) MontrealCanada French Institute for Research on Sustainable Development(IRD) Paris Descartes UniversityPopulation and Development Center(CEPED)UniversiteParis Sorbonne CiteNational Institute of Health and Medical Research(INSERM)HealthVulnerabilities and Gender Relations South(SAGESUD)ParisFrance

Background:Health personnel face challenges in diagnosing vector-borne and other diseases of poverty in urban *** is a need to know what rapid diagnostic technologies are available,have been properly assessed,and are being implemented to improve control of these diseases in the urban *** paper characterizes evidence on the field validation and implementation in urban areas of rapid diagnostics for vector-borne diseases and other diseases of *** body:A scoping review was ***-reviewed and grey literature were searched using terms describing the targeted infectious diseases,diagnostics evaluations,rapid tests,and urban *** review was limited to studies published between 2000 and 2016 in English,Spanish,French,and *** and exclusion criteria were refined post hoc to identify relevant literature regardless of study design and geography.A total of 179 documents of the 7806 initially screened were included in the ***(n=100)and tuberculosis(n=47)accounted for the majority of studies that reported diagnostics performance,impact,and implementation *** studies,assessing mainly performance,were identified for visceral leishmaniasis(n=9),filariasis and leptospirosis(each n=5),enteric fever and schistosomiasis(each n=3),dengue and leprosy(each n=2),and Chagas disease,human African trypanosomiasis,and cholera(each n=1).Reported sensitivity of rapid tests was variable depending on several ***,specificities were high(>80%),except for schistosomiasis and *** and implementation outcomes,mainly acceptability and cost,followed by adoption,feasibility,and sustainability of rapid tests are being evaluated in the *** to implementing rapid tests range from cultural to technical and administrative ***:Rapid diagnostic tests for vector-borne and other diseases of poverty are being used in the urban context with demonstrated impact on case ***

关键词： Communicable diseases Diagnostic services Point-of-care testing Field evaluation Sensitivity and specificity Implementation Evaluation studies Urban health

Atomic-scale simulations of material behaviors and tribology properties for BCC metal film

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第1期25卷 412-418页

作者： H D Aristizabal P A parra P Lopez E Restrepo-parra PCM Computational Applications Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede ManizalesA.A.127ManizalesColombi Universidad Cató1ica de Manizales A.A.357ManizalesColombia

This work has two main purposes：（i） introducing the basic concepts of molecular dynamics analysis to material scientists and engineers, and （ii） providing a better understanding of instrumented indentation measurements, presenting an example of nanoindentation and scratch test simulations. To reach these purposes, three-dimensional molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of nanoindentation and scratch test technique were carried out for generic thin films that present BCC crystalline structures. Structures were oriented in the plane （100） and placed on FCC diamond substrates. A pair wise potential was employed to simulate the interaction between atoms of each layer and a repulsive radial potential was used to represent a spherical tip indenting the sample. Mechanical properties of this generic material were obtained by varying the indentation depth and dissociation energy. The load-unload curves and coefficient of friction were found for each test; on the other hand, dissociation energy was varied showing a better mechanical response for films that present grater dissociation energy. Structural change evolution was observed presenting vacancies and slips as the depth was varied.

关键词： molecular dynamics pair wise potential repulsive radial potential dissociation energy

Envelopes of Commutative Rings

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第3期28卷 561-580页

作者： Rafael parra Manuel SAORIn Departamento de Clculo. Escuela Bsica Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de los Andes Departamento de Matemticas Universidad de Murcia

Given a significative class F of commutative rings, we study the precise conditions under which a commutative ring R has an S-envelope. A full answer is obtained when F is the class of fields, semisimple commutative rings or integral domains. When .F is the class of noetherian rings, we give a full answer when the Krull dimension of R is zero and when the envelope is required to be epimorphic. The general problem is reduced to identifying the class of non-noetherian rings having a monomorphic noetherian envelope, which we conjecture is the empty class.

关键词： noetherian ring envelope local ring artinian ring Krull dimension

Re-folded structure of syn-orogenic granitoids(Padrón dome, nW Iberia):Assessing rheological evolution of cooling continental crust in a collisional setting

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 651-669页

作者： Rubén Díez Fernández Francisco J.Rubio Pascual Luis Miguel martín parra Departamento de Geodinámica Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFacultad de Ciencias GeológicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espana

This contribution discusses about the rheological, kinematic and dynamic frameworks necessary to produce recumbent and upright folds from syn-orogenic granitic massifs that were formed during an early stage of magma genesis related to the onset of a migmatitic dome. Syn-kinematic granitoids occurring within the high-grade infrastructure of the Padron migmatitic dome(nW Iberia) are deformed into largescale recumbent folds(D_2) that are later affected by upright folds(D_3). Petrostructural analysis of a selected area of this dome reveals that after a period of crustal thickening(D_1), nnW-directed extensional flow gave way to recumbent folds and penetrative axial plane foliation(S_2). Superimposed subhorizontal compression resulted in upright folds(D_3). A closer view into the dynamics of the dome allows exploring the factors that may condition the nucleation of folds with contrasting geometries during progressive deformation of molten continental crust. The formation of folds affecting syn-kinematic granitoids suggests a cooling metamorphic path in migmatitic domes. Active and passive folding mechanisms require a crystallizing(cooling) magma to nucleate folds. A more competent metamorphic host inhibits fold nucleation from much less competent magmas. As it crystallizes, magma becomes more rigid(competent),and approaches viscosity values of its host. Passive folding is favored when no significant competence contrast exists between magma and host, so this folding mechanism is more likely shortly after magma genesis and emplacement. In such conditions, and under dominant subhorizontal flow accompanied by flattening(D_2),passive folding would produce isoclinal recumbent geometries. Further magma cooling introduces a shift into the rheological behavior of partially molten crust. Thereon, crystallizing magma bodies would represent significant competence contrasts relative to their host. At this point, buckling is a more likely folding mechanism, and more regular, buckle fo

关键词： Recumbent folds Migmatitic domes Partial melting Crustal-derived granitoids Orogenic collapse Variscan orogen

Air quality short-term control in an industrial region under adverse weather conditions

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Control Theory and Technology 2020年第3期18卷 257-268页

作者： Yuri SKIBA David parra-CUEVARA Center for Atmospheric Sciences National Autonomous University of MexicoCircuito ExteriorCiudad UniversitariaCDMX04510Mexico

A new short-term optimal control of air quality in an industrial region during atmospheric inversions is *** goal is to prevent violation of health standard of air quality in a few monitored *** control establishes restrictions on the emission rates of industrial sources and includes the identification of the industrial sources violating(exceeding)the emission rates set by the *** control and identification are based on using solutions to an adjoint dispersion *** that show the convergence of the emission rates,prescribed by the control,to the original emission rates of the industrial sources are given(Theorems 4 and 5).These results ensure that the new emission rates of industrial sources(established by the control)will be as close as possible to the original emission rates throughout the entire period of application of the *** creates the minimum possible restrictions on the functioning of industrial *** highlight of the new control is the possibility of selecting special weights for each pollution source in the goal function that is *** weights are mainly aimed at reducing the intensity of emissions of the main sources of *** example demonstrates the ability of the new method.A similar approach can also be used to develop methods for cleaning water zones polluted by oil(the problem of bioremediation),and to prevent excessive pollution of urban areas with automobile emissions.

关键词： Dispersion model adjoint model adjoint estimates optimal control source detection