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Levels of Empathy among Dental Students in Five Chilean Universities

Health 2016年第1期8卷 32-41页

作者： Víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez Aracelis Calzadilla Núñez Doris Carrasco Alex Bustos alejandro zamorano Henry Silva Elizabeth López Tagle Joyce Hubermann Robert Utsman alejandro Reyes Reyes Faculty of Dentistry Universidad San Sebastián Santiago Chile Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Felix Bulnes Hospital Santiago Chile Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Department of Prevention and Public Health Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile School of Dentistry Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago Chile School of Dentistry Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile School of Dentistry Faculty of Medicina-Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile School of Health Sciences Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología (ULACIT) San José Costa Rica School of Psychology Universidad Santo Tomas Concepción Chile

Aim: To compare empathic levels among dental students of five Dental Faculties in Chile. Material and Methods: Empathic orientation of dental students was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version for students (S version), validated in Chile and culturally adapted to dental students. The data were compared using analysis of variance trifactorial (model III) and by a discriminant analysis. Results: It was found that differences exist between universities empathic orientation, courses, and gender. Conclusions: The results showed a great variability of empathetic guidance values on the factors studied. Discriminant test confirm the similarity and differences found among faculties from the data matrix provided by the scale used. It is not possible in this investigation to explain the variability found.

关键词： Empathy Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy Empathic Levels Empathy Components

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Impact of male condition on his spermatophore and consequences for female reproductive performance in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 284-296页

作者： Anne Duplouy Luisa Woestmann Juan Gallego zamorano Marjo Saastamoinen Metapopulation Research Centre Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Czech University of Life Science Faculty of Environmental Sciences Department of Ecology Prague Czech Repubfi

In butterflies, male reproductive success is highly related to the quality and the size of the spermatophore transferred to the female. The spermatophore is a capsule produced by the male during copulation, which in many species contains sperm in addition to a nuptial gift, and which is digested by the female after copulation. The nuptial gift may contribute to egg production and offspring quality, and in some cases also to female body maintenance. The production of the spermatophore, however, represents a cost for the male and, in polyandrous species, ejaculates are sometimes allocated adaptively across matings. Nonetheless, although the ecological factors affecting the reproductive success of female butterflies have been the topic of numerous studies, little information exists on the factors affecting males＇ contribution to reproduction, and the indirect impacts on female fecundity and fitness. We used the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia （Linnaeus, 1758）（Nymphalidae）, in order to assess variation in male allocation to matings. In this species, smaller males produce smaller spermatophores, but variation in spermatophore size is not correlated with female reproductive success. We show that spermatophore size increases with male age at first mating, decreases with mating frequency and adult food-deprivation, and is not influenced by developmental food-limitation. The length of copulation period does not influence the spermatophore size nor influences the polyandrous mating behavior in this species. Male contribution to his spermatophore size is clearly influenced by his condition and adult-resource at the time of mating. Despite this variation, spermatophore size does not seem to have a direct impact on female reproductive output or mating behavior.

关键词： ejaculate fecundity food-restriction Melitaea cinxia

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Climate-driven synchrony in seed production of masting deciduous and conifer tree species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 180-188页

作者： Juan Gallego zamorano Tatu Hokkanen Aleksi Lehikoinen The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryHelsinki UniversityPO Box 1700014 HelsinkiFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland PO Box 1801301 VantaaFinland

Aims Understanding fluctuations in plant reproductive investment can constitute a key challenge in ecology,conservation and *** events of trees(*** intermittent and synchronous production of abundant seeding material)is an extreme example of such *** objective was to establish the degree of spa-tial and temporal synchrony in common four masting tree species in boreal Finland and account for potential causal drivers of these *** We investigated the spatial intraspecific and temporal interspe-cific fluctuations in annual seed production of four tree species in Finland,silver birch Betula pendula Roth,downy birch Betula pubescens Ehrh.,Norway spruce Picea abies(L.)*** row-anberry Sorbus aucuparia *** also tested to see whether varia-tions in seed production were linked to annual weather *** abundance data were derived from tens of stands per spe-cies across large spatial scales within Finland during 1979 to 2014(for rowanberries only 1986 to 2014).Important Findings All species showed spatial synchrony in seed production at scales up to 1000 *** estimates of seed production were strongly correlated between *** and summer temperatures explained most variation in crop sizes of tree species with 0-to 2-year time lags,whereas rainfall had relatively little *** weather during flowering(May temperature)in the flower-ing year(Year t)and 2 years before(t−2)were correlated with seed ***,high May temperatures during the previous year(t−1)adversely affected seed *** tempera-tures in Year t−1 was positively correlated with seed production,likely because this parameter enhances the development of flower primordials,but the effect was negative with a time lag of 2 *** negative feedback in temperature coefficients is also likely due to patterns of resource allocation,as abundant flowering and seed production in these species is thought to reduce the sub

关键词： climate change forest masting spatio-temporal synchrony

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SEM Comparison of Penetration in Artificial White Spots Lesion between an Infiltrant Resin and Two Adhesive Systems

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2017年第3期7卷 147-157页

作者： Ximena zamorano Vladimir Valenzuela alejandro Daniels Agustín Iturain Department of Restorative Dentistry Dental School Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile Postgraduate Program of Restorative Dentistry Dental School Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile

White spot infiltration emerged as an alternative of non-invasive treatment to halt progression of the lesion, through the use of low viscosity resins that would permeate the porous enamel and form a physical barrier that would prevent the acid diffusion produced by micro-organisms. Purpose: To compare penetration levels in artificial white spot lesions, of infiltrant resin ICON™and 2 conventional adhesives systems, XP-Bond™and Single Bond 2™. Methodology: White spot lesions (ICDAS code 2) were caused in 75 premolars or third molars were extracted in good conditions, by immersion in a 0.1 M lactic acid solution (pH 4.5) at 37℃ for 8 weeks. They were divided randomly into 3 groups of 25 samples and applied the following resins, Group A: ICON™, B: XP-Bond™and C: Single Bond 2™. Subsequently, the enamel was removed with hydrochloric acid to expose resin saturated area and the samples were metalized with Au-Pd for SEM observation. The resin tags lengths were measured on microphotographs through software, and the values were analyzed with the statistics ANOVA and Scheffé post-test. Results: There were significant differences (p ™(82.7 μm ± 26.8 μm) compared to adhesive systems XP-Bond™(58.5 μm ± 29.3 μm) and Single Bond 2™(44.8 μm ± 32.5 μm). We found no significant differences between the two adhesive systems (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions tested, the penetration of infiltrant ICON was significantly higher than the adhesive systems;however, it removes the surface layer of the enamel.

关键词： Artificial White Spot Lesions Resins Penetration Etch and Rinse Adhesives SEM

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Development of a vehicle-track interaction model to predict the vibratory benefits of rail grinding in the time domain

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第3期23卷 189-201页

作者： Julia Irene Real Clara zamorano José Luis Velarte Antonio Enrique Blanco University Institute for Multidisciplinary Mathematics Polytechnic University of Valencia Foundation for the Research and Engineering in Railways

Imperfections in the wheel-rail contact are one of the main sources of generation of railway vibrations. Consequently, it is essential to take expensive corrective maintenance measures, the results of which may be unknown. In order to assess the effectiveness of these measures, this paper develops a vehicle-track interaction model in the time domain of a curved track with presence of rail corrugation on the inner rail. To characterize the behavior of the track, a numerical finite element model is developed using ANSYS software, while the behavior of the vehicle is characterized by a unidirectional model of two masses developed with VAMPIRE PRO software. The overloads obtained with the dynamic model are applied to the numerical model and then, the vibrational response of the track is obtained. Results are validated with real data and used to assess the effectiveness of rail grinding in the reduction of wheel-rail forces and the vibration generation phenomenon.

关键词： Corrugation · Dynamic overloads · Finiteelement method · Vibrations

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