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Dietary carbohydrate-to-protein ratio influences growth performance,hepatic health and dynamic of gut microbiota in atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 261-279页

作者： Alejandro Villasante Carolina Ramírez Hector Rodríguez Patricio Dantagnan Adrian Hernandez Elías Figueroa Jaime Romero Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía Universidad de Las AmericasSantiagoChile Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos Unidad de AlimentosInstituto de Nutricion y Tecnología de Los Alimentos(INTA)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Programa de Anatomía y Biología Del Desarrollo Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Núcleo de Investigacion en Produccion Alimentaria Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Catolica de TemucoTemucoChile

Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed a carbohydrate-rich diet exhibit suboptimal growth performance,along with other metabolic disturbances.It is well known that gut microbes play a pivotal role in influencing metabolism of the host,and these microbes can be modified by the diet.The main goal of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of digestible carbohydrates to Atlantic salmon on the distal intestine digesta microbiota at 3 sampling times(i.e.,weeks 4,8 and 12),during a 12-week trial.A low carbohydrate-to-high protein diet(LC/HP,0%wheat starch),a medium carbohydrate-tomedium protein diet(MC/MP,15%wheat starch)or a high carbohydrate-to-low protein diet(HC/LP,30%wheat starch)was fed to triplicate fish tanks(27 to 28 fish per tank).We performed an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta microbiota.Further,growth parameters,liver histology and the expression of genes involved in hepatic neolipogenesis in fish were measured.Fish fed a HC/LP diet showed greater hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes(P=0.026 and P=0.018,respectively),lower final weight(P=0.005),weight gain(P=0.003),feed efficiency(P=0.033)and growth rate(P=0.003)compared with fish fed the LC/HP diet.Further,feeding salmon a high digestible carbohydrate diet caused greater lipid vacuolization,steatosis index(P=0.007)and expression of fatty acid synthase(fas)and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase(d6fad)(P=0.001 and P=0.001,respectively)in the liver compared with fish fed the LC/HP diet.Although,the major impact of feeding a carbohydrate-rich diet to Atlantic salmon in beta diversity of distal intestine digesta microbiota was observed at week 4(HC/LP vs MC/MP and HC/LP vs LC/HP;P=0.007 and P=0.008,respectively)and week 8(HC/LP vs MC/MP;P=0.04),no differences between experimental groups were detected after 12 weeks of feeding.Finally,at the end of the trial,there was a negative correlation between lactic acid bacteria(LAB)members,including Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus,with hepatic steatosis level,the hepatosomat

关键词： Microbiota Microbiome Atlantic salmon Steatosis Lactic acid bacteria Probiotics

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Sebastien Billioud, Thinking through Confucian Modernity. A Study of Mou Zongsan＇s Moral Metaphysics.

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2013年第2期8卷 362-366页

作者： Roberto villasante Pontifical University of Salamanca

Billioud＇s Thinking through Confucian Modernity： A Study of Mou Zongsan＇s Moral Metaphysics immerses the reader in the thought of Chinese contemporary philosopher Mou Zongsan. Mou is a philosopher of some note, and Billioud＇s approach to his thought is definitely worth consideration. Mou is a philosopher who tries to bridge Western and Chinese philosophies while keeping a clear eye on the differences between them. He is not the kind of philosopher influenced by Western modernity who would apostatize Chinese tradition, nor is he the kind of philosopher who would feel threatened by Western culture and thus idealize and fervently defend Chinese culture in an attempt to preserve it. Instead, Mou has initiated a profound dialogue between these traditions, focusing on two highly prominent philosophers： Kant and Confucius. This is an enormous task, which Mou approaches as a true philosopher. In his work, he has sown the seeds for a future generation whose task ahead will be to deal even more thoroughly, and existentially, with alterity--in this case the Western world--and what it means to be Chinese.

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More than Color:Pigments with Thermal Storage Capacity;Processing and Degradation Behavior

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2015年第5期5卷 171-184页

作者： Estibaliz Aranzabe Pedro Maria villasante Ricard March Maria Isabel Arriortua Aitor Larranaga Ana Aranzabe IK4-Tekniker EibarSpain Nubiola Pigmentos S.L. LaudioSpain Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad del País Vasco(UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain

A standard ultramarine pigment was used to produce phase change material composites, by adsorbing n-hexadecane paraffin around the pigment surface with the aim of obtaining a pigment providing thermal storage capacity apart from color. Vacuum impregnation method was employed optimizing the process variables to maximize the latent heat of the hexadecane/pigment composite. In addition to the process optimization, the stability of the composite having the maximum latent heat was investigated. The hexadecane/pigment composite providing the highest latent heat has a Latent heat of fusion of 44 J/g (around a 20%wt. hexadecane adsorbed in the pigment). Durability of the material was tested by thermo-diffractometric measurements. The results indicate slow reduction of the area intensity up to 6.5% after the 100 cycles.

关键词： Ultramarine Blue Hexadecane Phase Change Material Thermal Storage

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