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Transanal endoscopic surgery in rectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11538-11545页

作者： Xavier Serra-Aracil Laura Mora-Lopez Manel Alcantara-Moral aleidis caro-Tarrago Carlos Javier Gomez-Diaz Salvador Navarro-Soto Coloproctology Unit General and Digestive Surgery Service Parc Tauli University Hospital Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08208 Sabadell (Barcelona) Spain

Total mesorectal excision(TME) is the standard treatment for rectal cancer, but complications are frequent and rates of morbidity, mortality and genitourinary alterations are high. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) allows preservation of the anal sphincters and, via its vision system through a rectoscope, allows access to rectal tumors located as far as 20 cm from the anal verge. The capacity of local surgery to cure rectal cancer depends on the risk of lymph node invasion. This means that correct preoperative staging of the rectal tumor is necessary. Currently, local surgery is indicated for rectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas invading the submucosa, but not beyond(T1). Here we describe the standard technique for TEM, the different types of equipment used, and the technical limitations of this approach. TEM to remove rectal adenoma should be performed in the same way as if the lesion were an adenocarcinoma, due to the high percentageof infiltrating adenocarcinomas in these lesions. In spite of the generally good results with T1, some authors have published surprisingly high recurrence rates; this is due to the existence of two types of lesions, tumors with good and poor prognosis, divided according to histological and surgical factors. The standard treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma T2N0M0 is TME without adjuvant therapy. In this type of adenocarcinoma, local surgery obtains the best results when complete pathological response has been achieved with previous chemoradiotherapy. The results with chemoradiotherapy and TEM are encouraging, but the scientific evidence remains limited at present.

关键词： Rectal cancer Rectal adenocarcinoma Transanal endoscopic microsurgery Transanal endo-scopic surgery Colorectal cancer

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Treatment of colorectal cancer in the elderly

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第10期7卷 204-220页

作者： Monica Millan Sandra Merino aleidis caro Francesc Feliu Jordi Escuder Tani Francesch Colorectal Surgery Unit Department of Surgery Joan XXIII University Hospital Department of Medical Oncology Joan XXIII University Hospital and St. Joan de Reus University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care Joan XXIII University Hospital (GiPSS)

Colorectal cancer has a high incidence, and approxi-mately 60% of colorectal cancer patients are older than 70, with this incidence likely increasing in the near future. Elderly patients(> 70-75 years of age) are a very heterogeneous group, ranging from the very fit to the very frail. Traditionally, these patients have often been under-treated and recruited less frequently to clinical trials than younger patients, and thus are underrepresented in publications about cancer treatment. Recent studies suggest that fit elderly patients can be treated in the same way as their younger counterparts, but the treatment of frail patients with comorbidities is still a matter of controversy. Many factors should be taken into account, including fitness for treatment, the wishes of the patient and family, and quality of life. This review will focus on the existing evidence for surgical, oncologic, and palliative treatment in patients over 70 years old with colorectal cancer. Careful patient assessment is necessary in order to individualize treatment approach, and this should rely on a multidisciplinary process. More well-designed controlled trials are needed in this patient population.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherap

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Unveiling the Threat: Case Reports of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Sanctuary Chimpanzees

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 105-132页

作者： Emeline Chanove Yedra Feltrer Antoine Collomb-Clerc Angela Ceballos-caro Marina Spinu Department of Infectious Diseases University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Romania International Primate Health and Welfare Group (IPHWG) Madrid Spain NeuroX Institute and Brain Mind Institute School of Life Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory National Centre for Microbiology Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain

Primate sanctuaries across Africa play a pivotal role in the rescue and rehabilitation of confiscated and rescued wild primates, many of whom have had extensive contact with humans prior to their arrival and throughout the rehabilitation process, heightening the risk of disease transmission. While tuberculosis is not naturally occurring in free-living chimpanzees, it has been extensively observed in captive primates that have been in close proximity to humans or other captive primates infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case report delves into an outbreak of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among juvenile chimpanzees within a sanctuary, detailing the associated diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches. The five cases had close contact with a caregiver infected with tuberculosis, subsequently transmitting the infection to other in-contact chimpanzees. Prolonged treatment, employing the human protocol of quadri-therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol), followed by bi-therapy (rifampicin and isoniazid), resulted in complete resolution for all five cases. These cases underscore the critical importance of maintaining high levels of biosecurity, implementing effective quarantine measures, and adhering to strict hygiene practices when working with non-human primates.

关键词： Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Chimpanzees Zoonotic Risk Biosecurity Diagnosis Challenges

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Antipredator deception in terrestrial vertebrates

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 16-25页

作者： Tim caro Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology and Center of Population Biology University of California Davis CA95616 USA

Abstract Deceptive antipredator defense mechanisms fall into three categories： depriving predators of knowledge of prey＇s presence, providing cues that deceive predators about prey handling, and dishonest signaling. Deceptive defenses in terrestrial vertebrates include aspects of crypsis such as background matching and countershading, visual and acoustic Batesian mimicry, active defenses that make animals seem more difficult to handle such as increase in apparent size and threats, feigning injury and death, distractive behaviours, and aspects of flight. After reviewing these defenses, I attempt a preliminary evaluation of which aspects of antipredator deception are most widespread in amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds

关键词： Amphibians Birds Defenses Dishonesty Mammals Prey Reptiles

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Conservation and behavior of Africa＇s ＂Big Five＂

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 486-499页

作者： Tim caro Jason RIGGIO Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

We examine the conservation status of Africa＇s ＂Big Five＂： lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species＇ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species （and indeed most other African species） are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 486--499, 2014].

关键词： African elephant Black rhinoceros Buffalo Flagship species Leopard Lion White rhinoceros

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微结构的纳米设计膜反应器中的催化(英文)

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催化学报 2008年第11期29卷 1169-1177页

作者： Juergen caro Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Leibniz University Hannover

For thermodynamically and kinetically controlled catalytic reactions,the influence of a membrane is discussed. For reactions operating near to the thermodynamic equilibrium,the conversion can be increased if one/all of the products is/are selectively removed in an extractor type membrane reactor. Examples are esterifications,dehydrogenations,and water dissociation using water,hydrogen,and oxygen selective membranes,respectively. For kinetically controlled reactions,i.e. reactions with a very negative free enthalpy,mainly the selectivity can be increased via the control of the partial pressure of the educts by dosing effects using distributor/contactor membrane reactors. Examples are partial oxidations and hydrogenations. In detail,the application of an oxygen transporting perovskite hollow fiber membrane with a nano-designed grain boundary structure in the hydrogen production by thermal water splitting and in the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons as case studies for thermodynamically and kinetically controlled reactions is discussed.

关键词：催化过程化学结构纳米膜反应器化学分析

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Nobel Prize for Our Advisor, Gerhard Ertl, Germany

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2007年第11期 925-926页

作者： Jrgen caro Member of the Advisory Board of the Chinese Journal of Catalysis Member of the International Advisory Committee of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis of the Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Hannover Germany

The 2007 Nobel Prize for chemistry has been awarded on December 10th to the German scientist Gerhard Ertl for "his thorough studies of fundamental molecular processes at the

关键词： Gerhard Ertl Germany Nobel Prize for Our Advisor

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A high-order SPH method by introducing inverse kernels

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第1期30卷 1-14页

作者： Fang Le Marongiu Jean Christophe Leduc Julien Amicarelli Andrea caro Joёlleb LMP Ecole centrale de Pekin Beihang University Co-Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine 100083 Beijing China LMFA Ecole centrale de Lyon 69130 Ecully BP 163 France Laboratoire International Associe Beihang University 100083 Beijing China ANDRITZ HYDRO AG Rue des Deux-Gares 6 1800 Vevey Switzerland

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） method is usually expected to be an efficient numerical tool for calculating the fluid-structure interactions in compressors; however, an endogenetic restriction is the problem of low-order consistency. A high-order SPH method by introducing inverse kernels, which is quite easy to be implemented but efficient, is proposed for solving this restriction. The basic inverse method and the special treatment near boundary are introduced with also the discussion of the combination of the Least-Square（LS） and Moving-Least-Square（MLS） methods. Then detailed analysis in spectral space is presented for people to better understand this method. Finally we show three test examples to verify the method behavior.

关键词： Consistency High-order method Inverse method Numerical dissipation Numerical instability Smoothed particle hydrodynamics

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Exploring the configuration space of elemental carbon with empirical and machine learned interatomic potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 987-998页

作者： George A.Marchant Miguel A.caro Bora Karasulu Livia B.Pártay Department of Chemistry University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University02150 EspooFinland

We demonstrate how the many-body potential energy landscape of carbon can be explored with the nested sampling algorithm,allowing for the calculation of its pressure-temperature phase *** compare four interatomic potential models:Tersoff,EDIP,GAP-20 and its recently updated version,*** evaluation is focused on their macroscopic properties,melting transitions,and identifying thermodynamically stable solid structures up to at least 100 *** phase diagrams of the GAP models show good agreement with experimental ***,we find that the models’description of graphite includes thermodynamically stable phases with incorrect layer *** adding a suitable selection of structures to the database and re-training the potential,we have derived an improved model—GAP-20U+gr—that suppresses erroneous local minima in the graphitic energy *** extreme high pressure nested sampling identifies two novel stable structures in the GAP-20 model,however,the stability of these is not confirmed by electronic structure calculations,highlighting routes to further extend the applicability of the GAP models.

关键词： carbon potential configuration

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The importance of grain and cut-off size in shaping tree beta diversity along an elevational gradient in the northwest of Colombia

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 14-25页

作者： Johanna Andrea Martínez-Villa Sebastián González-caro álvaro Duque Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede MedellínCra.65#59a-110MedellínColombia Département des Sciences Biologiques Universitédu QuébecàMontréal141Avenue du Président-KennedyMontrealCanada

Background:Species turnover(β-diversity)along elevational gradients is one of the most important concepts in plant ***,there is a lack of consensus about the main driving mechanisms of treeβ-diversity at local scales in very diverse ecosystems(e.g.,Andean mountains),as well as how the sampling effect can alterβ-diversity ***,it has been hypothesized that patterns of change inβ-diversity at local scales along elevational gradients are driven by sampling effects stemming from differences in the size of the species pool rather than by underlying community assembly ***,we aim to evaluate the relative extent to which sampling effects,such as species pool size,grain size,and tree size cut-off,determine species sorting,and thus,the variability ofβ-diversity at local scales along elevational gradients in the northwest of ***:Using 151-ha permanent plots spread out along a 3000m elevational gradient,we used standardizedβ-deviation to assess the extent to which either sampling effects or the community assembly mechanisms determine the changes in species composition at local ***β-deviation was measured as the difference between the observed and nullβ-diversity divided by the standard deviation of the nullβ-*** found that the magnitude of change in localβ-deviation along the elevational gradient was significant and dependent on the employed spatial grain size and tree size ***,β-deviation increased with elevation in all sampling designs,which suggests that underlying community assembly mechanisms play a key role in shaping localβ-diversity along the elevational ***:Our findings suggest that grain size enlargement and the inclusion of trees with small diameters will improve our ability to quantify the extent to which the community assembly mechanisms shape patterns ofβ-diversity along elevational ***,we emphasize the scale-dependent nature of the assessment o

关键词： Andean forests Null models Species pool Species sorting Sampling effect

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