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SWOT Analysis and Challenges of Nile Basin Initiative:An Integrated Water Resource Management Perspective

中国人口·资源与环境：英文版 2010年第1期8卷 8-17页

作者： alebel abebe belay Henry Musoke Semakula George James Wambura Labohy Jan Virje University Brussels 1090Belgium

River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and *** of today,the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian *** Nile Basin Initiative(NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development,improved land use practices and *** review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats(SWOT) based on secondary *** result of the review revealed that for decades,the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental,social,economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile *** initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries,non-governmental organizations and local communities in each *** is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners;developing curriculum in the education *** challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank,lack of sufficient staff,procedural and policies conflicts,lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin *** the complex nature of the project,it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented *** NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river ***

关键词： river basin management Nile Basin Initiative SWOT analysis integrated water management River Nile

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Impacts of Chromium from Tannery Effluent and Evaluation of Alternative Treatment Options

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2010年第1期1卷 53-58页

作者： alebel abebe belay School of Environmental health Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia

The paper has focused on the challenges/impacts of tannery effluent and evaluates the alternative treatment options used to treat, recover or recycle chromium from the waste water. The paper was done entirely on secondary data by consulting literature sources including scientific journals, chapters of books, conference report papers and websites. The results of this review paper indicated that chromium is highly toxic and carcinogenic to human beings, animals, plants and the general environment (soil and water sediment). It is found out that chrome is the primary threat when ever tanning industry comes in to practice. Though many treatment options were evaluated to prevent its consequence on the environment, neither of them could achieve to treat or recover chrome 100%. Treatment options are either;inef-ficient, complicated, energy demanding, costly or applicable to a certain parts of the world due to technology or skilled man power demand. Therefore, to tackle this serious challenge stringent environmental regulation with law enforce-ment has to be exercised to use better treatment system which is widely applicable. Polluters must also know the envi-ronmental cost of their industry and treated according to polluter pay or precautionary principles. Moreover, the gen-eral public has to be aware of it and all concerned organizations and governments has to work hand in hand to reach zero discharge level or at least to attain the EPA chrome discharge

关键词： Chromium Toxicity Environmental Impact Chromium Recovery and Recycling Chromium Treatment Option Tannery Effluent

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The Challenges of Integrated Management of Mekong River Basin in Terms of People’s Livelihood

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第1期2卷 61-68页

作者： alebel abebe belay Shah Md. Atiqul HAQ Vuong Quoc CHIEN Badandi ARAFAT 不详

Mekong River Basin is a life for many people in six south East Asian countries. The river basin is very productive and has crucial activities like: fishing, agriculture, hydroelectric power, transportation, biodiversity and so on. However, due to mismanagement, political intentions and one way interest only for development, the river basin has already started experiencing complications. The major challenges found out were, huge hydroelectric dam constructions and other projects, high population pressure, lack of cooperation among riparian states (especially upper Mekong region and lower one), and lack of proper management system. This leads to inequitable resource use, impact on water quality, biodiversity loss, and disasters like flooding. It is a high time to make a joint venture among riparian countries for sustainable use of the resource. Multi lateral cooperation and commitment among user countries by consulting all stakeholders will benefit all to use this precious resource equitably without major ecological impacts on the river basin.

关键词： Challenges Ecology IWRM Livelihood Mekong River Sustainability

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The Challenges of Integrated Management of Mekong River Basin in Terms of People’s Livelihood

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2010年第1期

作者： alebel abebe belay Shah Md. Atiqul Haq Vuong Quoc Chien Badandi Arafat

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Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Awash National Park, Ethiopia: Impact of Decentralization on the Use and Management of Resources

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 950-960页

作者： Solomon belay Aklilu Amsalu Eyualem abebe Department of Geography Jigjiga University Jijiga Ethiopia Department of Geography Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Natural Science Elizabeth City State University Elizabeth City USA

We analyzed the magnitude of land use land cover changes and identified drivers of those changes at Awash National Park, Ethiopia, using aerial photographs, satellite images and field observation. Scattered bushland—the most important habitat for the wild animals, declined drastically. Areas under grassland, farmland or open land increased over the study period. Policy and park border demarcation issues were identified as drivers of change before 1995 (before decentralization), whereas livestock grazing was indicated to be the leading driver of change after 1995. Major events and causes that largely explained these changes include immigration of the Ittu community, land tenure system, drought, poaching, use policy issues and regional economic and infrastructural development. Our study reveals that the sustainability of the park calls for an immediate action to reduce the ever increasing human and livestock pressure on park resources.

关键词： Land Use Land Cover Decentralization Geographic Information System (GIS) Awash National Park Ethiopia

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Efficiency of locally available filter media on fluoride and phosphate removal for household water treatment system

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2014年第2期12卷 110-115页

作者： Mekonnen Birhane alebel abebe Esayas Alemayehu Embialle Mengistie School of Environmental Health Science and Technology Jimma University

Since conventional water treatment is not affordable in developing countries,looking for locally available and alternative treatment options is *** of fluoride and phosphate can be achieved by designing appropriate filtration media from different materials such as sand,calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone *** study was designed to determine the removal efficiency of these locally available filter media with respect to detention time and *** filtration apparatuses(tank) were filled separately with stone,gravel with grain size 0.6-4.75 mm and 40 cm deep,sand(ES = 0.15—0.35 mm and UC = 1.5-3),calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone char with grain size 0.25-0.5 *** samples were prepared using glass bottles with fluoride concentrations of 6 and 8 mg/1 and phosphate concentration of 4 mg/*** analysis was carried out before and after filtration to determine the removal efficiency of each *** was found that the highest removal of fluoride was achieved by bone char(89.65%),followed by pumice(82.4%).However,bone char has rather increased the concentration of phosphate by 63.8%.Sand was the most efficient media to remove phosphate,managing to remove by 70%.Therefore,it is an attractive option to use these locally available,environmental friendly and appropriate technologies for efficient removal of both fluorine and phosphate at the household or community water treatment level.

关键词： conventional water treatment methods chemical impurities filter medium detention time reduction potential fluoridated water

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Re-Assessing Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) among African Migrants in Western Europe and USA

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2014年第1期2卷 4-15页

作者： Kebede C. Shero Mengistu Legesse Girmay Medhin Mulugeta belay Gunnar Bjune Fekadu abebe Addis Ababa University (AAU) Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB) Addis Ababa Ethiopia University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine Institute of Health and Society Department of Community Medicine Oslo Norway

Background: Tuberculin skin test (TST)—is widely used for screening tuberculosis TB in migrants from high endemic countries of Africa and Asia. However, the cut-off point for clinical TB and Mtb infection is not well established in TB endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we compared the size of TST induration in smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, their house-hold contacts and community controls in high endemic setting in Ethiopia. Methods: In a health facility-based cross-sectional study, smear positive PTB patients were recruited. Their household contacts traced, and community controls were recruited from neighbourhoods. Sputum sample collected from patients were examined using smear microscopy. Participants were also tested by TST and QuantiFERON? -TB Gold In–Tube test (QFTGIT). Results: From a total of 224 study participants, skin test induration data were available for 48 PTB patients, 88 household contacts and 75 community controls. All 48 patients, 64 (72.2%) of the household contacts and 35 (46.7%) of the community controls had skin test induration ≥ 10 mm. Moreover, 44 (91.7%) PTB patients, 58 (65.9%) of the household contacts and 26 (34.7%) of the community controls had skin test induration ≥ 15 mm, respectively. The mean size of TST induration was significantly higher in TB patients (18.1mm) compared to that of household contacts (13.6 mm) and community controls (7.9 mm) (pMtb

关键词： Tuberculosis TST Diagnosis IGRA Migrant Ethiopia HIV

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