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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 512-515页

作者： Yu jun Wong Noreen Singh Norberto Sanchez-Fernandez aldo j.montano-loza Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit University of Alberta HospitalEdmontonCanada Division of Transplantation Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmontonCanada

Liver transplantation(LT)was first performed over six decades ago and is currently the standard of care for patients with end-stage liver disease and life-threatening *** have been significant advances in the area of LT;however,it remains a highly morbid,restrictive,expensive and resource-intensive intervention(1).Early recovery for LT(***)is a multimodal concept aimed at promoting faster recovery in patients undergoing *** development of a dedicated protocol for early recovery following LT has been challenging due to the complexity of developing a treatment approach,patient comorbidities associated with decompensated cirrhosis,and low case volume.

关键词： Liver transplantation(LT) outcome recovery

Clinical relevance of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第25期20卷 8061-8071页

作者： aldo j.montano-loza Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit University of Alberta Hospital University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2X8Canada

The most commonly recognized complications in cirrhotic patients include ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, susceptibility for infections, kidney dysfunction, and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, severe muscle wasting or sarcopenia are the most common and frequently unseen complications which negatively impact survival, quality of life, and response to stressor, such as infections and surgeries. At present, D’Amico stage classification, Child-Pugh, and MELD scores constitute the best tools to predict mortality in patients with cirrhosis; however, one of their main limitations is the lack of assessing the nutritional and functional status. Currently, numerous methods are available to evaluate the nutrition status of the cirrhotic patient; nevertheless, most of these techniques have limitations primarily because lack of objectivity, reproducibility, and prognosis discrimination. In this regard, an objective and reproducible technique, such as muscle mass quantification with cross-sectional imaging studies (computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging) constitute an attractive index of nutritional status in cirrhosis. Sarcopenia is part of the frailty complex present in cirrhotic patients, resulting from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems and characterized by impaired functional capacity, decreased reserve, resistance to stressors, and predisposition to poor outcomes. In this review, we discuss the current accepted and new methods to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis. Also, we analyze the current knowledge regarding incidence and clinical impact of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis and their impact after liver transplantation. Finally, we discuss existing and potential novel therapeutic approaches for malnutrition in cirrhosis, emphasizing the recognition of sarcopenia in an effort to reduced morbidity related and improved survival in cirrhosis.

关键词： Cirrhosis Sarcopenia Malnutrition Prognosis Mortality Body composition Lumbar skeletal muscle index Liver transplantation

Learning from a rare phenomenon — spontaneous clearance of chronic hepatitis C virus post-liver transplant: A case report

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World journal of Hepatology 2022年第2期14卷 456-463页

作者： Noreen Singh Mang Ma aldo j.montano-loza Rahima A Bhanji Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit University of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2X8AlbertaCanada

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)can lead to chronic liver damage resulting in cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** clearance of HCV has been documented after an acute infection in 20%-45%of ***,spontaneously resolved chronic hepatitis C following liver transplant(LT)is rare and has been documented only in a few case *** phenomenon of spontaneous clearance of chronic hepatitis C occurs together with other meaningful events,which are typically associated with significant changes in the host *** SUMMARY We report three cases of spontaneous resolution of chronic hepatitis C following liver *** patients either failed or had no HCV treatment prior to transplant,but had spontaneous resolution of HCV post-LT as documented by undetectable polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Diagnosis of HCV was based on viremia through PCR or liver *** three patients currently undergo surveillance and have no recurrence of *** Examining each patient’s clinical course,we learned about many viral,host and cellular-factors that may have enhanced the host’s immunity leading to spontaneous clearance of *** HCV treatment has excellent cure rates,understanding this mechanism may provide clinicians with insights regarding timing and duration of treatment.

关键词： Spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C Liver transplantation Hepatitis C Immunosuppression Viral load Case report

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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Combination antiretroviral studies for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 349-360页

作者： Ellina Lytvyak aldo j.montano-loza Andrew L Mason Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Alberta

Following the characterization of a human betaretrovirus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),pilot studies using antiretroviral therapy have been conducted as proof of principal to establish a link of virus with disease and with the eventual aim to find better adjunct therapies for patients unresponsive to ursodeoxycholic *** the first open label pilot study,the reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine had little demonstrable biochemical or histological effect after 1 ***,lamivudine in combination with zidovudine was associated with a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase as well as improvement in necroinflammatory score,cholangitis and ductopenia over a 12 mo period.A double blind,multi-center randomized controlled trial using lamivudine with zidovudine for 6 mo confirmed a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase,ALT and AST in patients on antiviral ***,none of the patients achieved the stringent endpoint criteria for normalization of alkaline ***,some patients developed biochemical rebound consistent with drug resistance.A major fault of these studies has been the inability to measure the viral load in peripheral blood and therefore,provide a direct correlation between improvement of hepatic biochemistry and reduction in viral ***,viral mutants to lamivudine with zidovudine were later characterized in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model of PBC that has been used to test other antiretroviral regimens to *** combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the HIV protease inhibitor,lopinavir were found to abrogate cholangitis in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model and the same regimen normalized the liver tests in a PBC patient with HIV and human betaretrovirus *** combination antiretroviral therapy has now been used in a double blind randomized controlled crossover study for patients with PBC followed by an open label extension *** a thi

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Antiretroviraltherapy Human betaretrovirus Randomized controlledtrial Endpoints for trials

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

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Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.Retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance:World Wild-Rice Wiring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 516-518页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Disna Ratnasekera jiayu Fan Robert j.Henry Beng-Kah Song Kenneth M.Olsen Bal Krishna joshi Maria Celeste N.Banaticla-Hilario Tonapha Pusadee Adane Getachew Melaku Yeyinou Laura Estelle Loko Koukham Vilayheuang Gavers K.Oppong Samuel Aduse Poku Peterson W.Wambugu Song Ge aldo Merotto junior Ohn Mar Aung Ramaiah Venuprasad Ajay Kohli Wenbin Zhou Qian Qian National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya National Research Institute of Breeding in Hainan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila 4031Philippines Department of Agricultural Biology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya CityHainan Province 572024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Science Monash University Malaysia47500 Bandar SunwaySelangor 47500Malaysia Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center(Genebank) KhumaltarPO Box 3055KathmanduNepal Plant Biology Division Insttute of Biological SciencesUniversity of the Pilippines Los BanosLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Bio and Emerging Technology Institute Addis Ababa 1165Ethiopia National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)Dassa-ZouméBP 14Benin National Genebank Rice and Cash Crops Research CenterNAFRIVientiane 0605Lao PDR Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK UK Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences and University of Nottingham Nottingham LE125RDUK Department of Plant and Environmental Biology University of GhanaAccraGhana Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobi 00200Kenya Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGSPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil Department of Agricultur

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing ***(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's *** rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate *** rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme *** has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding *** identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice *** addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental ***,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic *** the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops

Decoding the genetic program of micronucleus formation: linking chromosomal instability to human disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2840-2842页

作者： jörg Fahrer Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Department of ChemistryRPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau67663 KaiserslauternGermany

A recent study by Adams and colleagues published in Nature unveiled more than one hundred genes that are involved in micronucleus formation,1 which is a biomarker for genomic instability and associated with aging,cancer,and other disorders.2 As an outstanding achievement,the authors identified DSCC1(DNA Replication And Sister Chromatid Cohesion 1)as a critical gene protecting against early developmental defects,genomic instability,reduced proliferative capacity,cohesinopathy-related phenotypes,and tumor development in vivo.

关键词： chromosomal linking Replication