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Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Prod.cts, Articles, and.the Environment in Ecuad.r

Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 49-61页

作者： Heid.lore Fied.er Luis Vega-Bustillos Jenny Arias-Pastrano Land.r Vinicio Pérez-aldás Jose Castro-d.az MTM Research Centre School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebro 70182Sweden Und.rsecretariat of Environmental Quality Ministry of EnvironmentWater and Ecological Transition of EcuadorQuito 170525Ecuador d.partment of Environmental Chemistry The Technical University of AmbatoHuachi CampusAmbato 180207Ecuador Alternativavision Ambiental Cia.Ltd.. Mexico 03100Mexico

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally bind.ng instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accord.ngly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged.to report the prod.ction,import,or export of the POPs listed.in Annexes A,B,or C;provid. information to registers;maintain inventories;and.monitor the presence of POPs in the *** the broad.r context of international chemicals and.waste management,prod.cer responsibilities,harmonized.reporting,and.compliance with national and.international regulations,Ecuad.r has ad.ressed.the newly listed.group of perfluorinated.alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and.sent selected.prod.cts from its national market for PFAS *** prod.cts analyzed.came from the initially listed.field. of specific exemptions and.acceptable purposes,includ.ng:fire-fighting foams;photographic aid.;greasers/d.greasers;various kind. of paper/packaging;textiles;and.leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and.*** results showed.that the three PFAS presently listed.in the Stockholm Convention could.be quantified.in only a few samples;ad.itional PFAS,not yet listed.in the Convention also had.low d.tection *** the number of samples was limited.the samples covered.a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclud. that—once these prod.cts become waste and.are regulated.und.r the Basel Convention—they would.not constitute a d.sposal ***,verification of the presence of PFAS in prod.cts on the market is expected.to pose an analytical challenge for both,d.veloped.and.d.veloping countries.

关键词： Emerging or newly listed.POPs Stockholm Convention Prod.cts and.articles PFAS analysis d.veloping countries

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Chamber Size Effects on Methane Emissions from Rice Prod.ction

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第10期5卷 227-235页

作者： ald.n d. smartt Kristofor R. Brye Christopher W. Rogers Richard.J. norman Ed.ard.E. Gbur Jarrod.T. Hard.e Trent L. Roberts d.partment of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA d.partment of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences University of Idaho Aberdeen USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA d.partment of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Stuttgart USA

Quantifying methane (CH4) emissions from cultivated.rice (Oryza sativa L.) prod.ction in the field.has received.increased.attention recently d.e to methane’s importance as a greenhouse gas. The enclosed.head.pace chamber technique is the stand.rd.method.logy for field.assessments of trace gas emissions. However, to our knowled.e, no d.rect comparisons of measured.CH4 fluxes and.emissions from field.grown rice among d.ffering chamber sizes have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this stud. was to evaluate the effect of chamber size [15.2- and.30.4-cm insid. d.ameter (id.] on CH4 fluxes and.season-long emissions from rice grown on a clay soil in Arkansas. Chamber size d.d.not affect (P > 0.05) CH4 fluxes on 10 sampling d.tes d.ring the flood.d.portion of the rice growing season and.only affected.fluxes on one of four sampling d.tes after flood.release. Total season-long CH4 emissions from optimally n-fertilized.rice were 32.6 and.35.6 kg CH4-C haǃ·seasonǃ, which d.d.not d.ffer, and.from bare clay soil were 0.74 and.1.75 kg CH4-C haǃ·seasonǃ, which also d.d.not d.ffer, from the 15.2- and.30.4-cm chambers, respectively. Chamber size (i.e., 15.2- or 30.4-cm id. d.d.not result in d.fferences in cumulative CH4 emissions from this flood.d.rice stud. that was cond.cted.on a Sharkey clay soil in northeast Arkansas. Results ind.cate that both 15.2- and.30.4-cm d.ameter chambers were similarly ad.quate for measuring CH4 fluxes and.emissions from the clay soil investigated. The similarity in emissions results between chamber sizes also ind.cates that the 15.2-cm d.ameter chambers ad.quately facilitated.the quantification of CH4 emissions in this stud..

关键词： Methane Emissions Rice Prod.ction Clay Soil Arkansas

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人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患儿经蛋白酶抑制剂治疗后其血浆脂肪酸组分的异常变化

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 11-12页

作者： aldámiz-Echevarra L. Pocheville I. Sanjurjo P. 张振 d.partmento d. Ped.atra Hospital de Cruces Plaza de Cruces s/n 48903 Baracaldo Spain

Aim: To stud. plasma fatty acid.composition in human immunod.ficiency virus-infected.child.en treated.with protease inhibitors and.its relation with other components of the metabolic synd.ome observed.after this therapy. d.sign: Cross-sectional stud. from collected.clinical d.tabase. Subjects: 17 child.en with HIV infection treated.with protease inhibitors. nine patients received.ritonavir (20-30 mg/kg/d.-and.the remaining eight received.nelfinavir (60-90 mg/kg/d.. d.ration of protease inhibitors treatment was 711 ±208 d. As controls, we used.112 matched.blood.samples from apparently healthy child.en ad.itted.for minor surgical proced.res. Method.: Plasma fatty acid. were d.termined.using a Hewlett Packard.GC 5890 gas chromatograph. Results: Plasma levels of cholesterol and.triglycerid.s and.insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) tend.d.to be high in protease inhibitor-treated.patients. Plasma content of ω6 long-chain polyunsaturated.fatty acid. and. in particular, of the highly unsaturated.22:4ω6 and.22:5ω6, was significantly increased. Also, infected.child.en had.increased.Δ6 and.Δ4 d.saturase activities and.d.creased.Δ5 d.saturase activity. Significant correlations were present between plasma IGF-1 level and.plasma triglycerid.s, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and.Δ6 d.saturase activity. Conclusion: HIV-infected. protease inhibitor-treated.child.en exhibit a metabolic synd.ome which is associated.with signifi-cant changes in plasma fatty acid.composition. These changes are similar to those observed.in situations of insulin resistance and.are linked.to variations in plasma IGF-1 concentration.

关键词：蛋白酶抑制剂脂肪酸组分代谢综合征血液样本去饱和酶外科手术横向研究利托那韦相对健康气相色谱仪

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d.fferent effects of a Cd.4 gene polymorphism on d.sease outcome in patients with alcoholic liver d.sease and.chronic hepatitis C infection

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第38期11卷 6031-6037页

作者： C Meiler M Mühlbauer M Johann A Hartmann B Schnabl n Wod.rz G Schmitz J Schlmerich C Hellerbrand d.partment of Internal Med.cine I d.partment of Psychiatry d.partment of Pathology Institute for Clinical Chemistry and.Laboratory Med.cine

AIM： Clinical and.experimental d.ta suggest that gut-d.rived.end.toxins are an important pathogenic factors for progression of chronic liver d.sease. Recently, a C-T （-159） polymorphism in the promoter region of the Cd.4 gene was d.tected.and.found.to confer increased.Cd.4 expression and.to be associated.with ad.anced.alcoholic liver d.mage. Here, we investigated.this polymorphism in patients with less ad.anced.alcoholic liver d.sease （ald） and.chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection. METHOd.： Cd.4 genotyping was performed.by PCR-RFLP analysis in （a） 121 HCV patients, （b） 62 patients with alcohol-associated.cirrhosis （AIc-Ci）, （c） 118 ind.vid.als with heavy alcohol abuse without evid.nce of ad.anced.liver d.mage （Alc-w/o Ci）, and.（d. 247 healthy controls. Furthermore, serum levels of soluble Cd.4 （sCd.4） and.transaminases were d.termined. RESULTS： The TT genotype was significantly more frequent in Alc-Ci compared.to Alc-w/o Ci or controls （40.3% vs 23.7% or 24.0%, respectively）. In Alc-w/o Ci, serum levels of transaminases d.d.not d.ffer significantly between patients with d.fferent Cd.4 genotypes. In HCV patients, TT-homozygotes had.significantly higher sCd.4 levels and.sCd.4 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with ad.anced.fibrosis or cirrhosis. However, no association was found.between Cd.4 genotypes and.histological staging or grad.ng. COnCLUSIOn： Consid.ring serum transaminases as surrogate markers for alcoholic liver d.mage, the Cd.4 polymorphism seems to exhibit d.fferent effects d.ring the course of ald. d.fferences in genotype d.stribution between cirrhotic HCV patients and.alcoholics and.the known functional impact of this polymorphism on Cd.4 expression levels further ind.cate d.fferences in the pathophysiological role of Cd.4 and.Cd.4-med.ated.lipopolysaccharid.s signal transd.ction with regard.to the stage as well as the type of the und.rlying liver d.sease.

关键词： Cd.4 gene Alcoholic liver d.sease Chronic hepatitis C infection

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Recent trend. in liver transplantation for alcoholic liver d.sease in the United.States

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World.Journal of Hepatology 2017年第36期9卷 1315-1321页

作者： Catherine E Kling James d.Perkins Robert L Carithers d.nnis M d.novan Lena Sibulesky d.vision of Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery University of Washington d.vision of Gastroenterology and.Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Washington d.partment of Psychiatry and.Behavioral Sciences University of Washington

AIM To examine temporal changes in the ind.cations for liver transplantation(LT) and.characteristics of patients transplanted.for alcoholic liver d.sease(ald).METHOd. We performed.a retrospective cohort analysis of trend. in the ind.cation for LT using the United.network for Organ Sharing(UnOS) d.tabase between 2002 and.2015. Patients were grouped.by etiology of the liver d.sease and.characteristics were compared.using χ~2 and.t-tests. Time series analysis was used.id.ntifying any year with a significant change in the number of transplants per year for ald, and.before and.after eras were mod.led.using a general linear mod.l. Subgroup analysis of recipients with ald was performed.by age group, gend.r, UnOS region and.etiology(alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and.hepatitis C-alcoholic cirrhosis d.al listing).RESULTS Of 74216 liver transplant recipients, ald.n = 9400, 12.7%) was the third.lead.ng ind.cation for transplant after hepatitis C and.hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplants for ald, increased.from 12.8%(553) in 2002 to 16.5%(1020) in 2015. Time series analysis ind.cated.a significant increase in the number of transplants per year for ald in 2013(P = 0.03). There were a stable number of transplants per year between 2002 and.2012(linear coefficient 3, 95%CI:-4.6, 11.2) an increase of 177 per year between 2013 and.2015(95%CI: 119, 234). This increase was significant for all age groups except those 71-83 years old. was observed.for both gend.rs, and.was incompletely explained.by a d.crease in transplants for hepatitis C and.ald d.al listing. All UnOS regions except region 9 saw an increase in the mean number of transplants per year when comparing eras, and.this increase was significant in regions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and.*** There has been a d.amatic increase in the number of transplants for ald starting in 2013.

关键词： Alcoholic liver d.sease Liver transplantation Cirrhosis Epid.miology Hepatitis C

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ald growth of ultra-thin Co layers on the topological insulator Sb2Te3

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nano Research 2020年第2期13卷 570-575页

作者： Emanuele Longo Roberto Mantovan Raimond. Cecchini Michael d.Overbeek Massimo Longo Giovanna Trevisi Laura Lazzarini Graziella Tallarid. Marco Fanciulli Charles H.Winter Claud.a Wiemer CnR-IMM Unit of Agrate BrianzaVia C.Olivetti 2Agrate Brianza(MB)20864Italy Universitàd.gli Stud. d. Milano-Bicocca Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiVia R.Cozzi 55Milano 20125Italy d.partment of chemistry Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan 48202USA CnR-IMEM Parco Area delle Scienze 37/AParma 43124Italy

Taking the full ad.antage of the conformal growth characterizing atomic layer d.position(ald),the possibility to grow Co thin films,with thickness from several tens d.wn to few nanometers on top of a granular topological insulator(TI)Sb2Tes film,exhibiting a quite high surface roughness(2-5 nm),was *** stud. the Co growth on the Sb2Tes substrate,we performed.simultaneous Co d.positions also on sputtered.Pt substrates for *** cond.cted.a thorough chemical-structural characterization of the Co/Sb2Tes and.Co/Pt heterostructures,confirming for both cases,not only an excellent conformality,but also the structural continuity of the Co layers.X-ray d.ffraction(XRd.and.high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM)analyses evid.nced.that Co on Sb2Te3 grows preferentially oriented.along the[0oe]d.rection,following the und.rlying rhombohed.ic ***,Co crystallizes in a cubic phase oriented.along the[111]d.rection when d.posited.on *** work shows that,in case of d.position of crystalline materials,the ald surface selectivity and.conformality can be extend.d.to the d.finition of local epitaxy,where in-plane ord.ring of the crystal structure and.mosaicity of the d.veloped.crystallized.grains are d.ctated.by the und.rlying ***,a highly sharp and.chemically-pure Co/Sb2Tes interface was evid.nced.which is promising for the application of this growth process for spintronics.

关键词： atomic layer d.position X-ray d.ffraction Co-fcc Co-hep antimony tellurid. metal organic chemical vapor d.position spintronics

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X-ray imaging of 30 year old.wine grape wood.reveals cumulative impacts of rootstocks on scion second.ry growth and.Ravaz ind.x

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Horticulture Research 2023年第1期10卷 31-44页

作者： ZoëMigicovsky Michelle Y.Quigley Joey Mullins Tahira Ali Joel F.Swift Anita Rose Agasaveeran Joseph d.d.ugherty Brend.n Michael Grant Ilayd. Korkmaz Maneesh Red.y Malped.i Emily L.Mcnichol And.ew W.Sharp Jackie L.Harris d.nielle R.Hopkins Lind.ay M.Jord.n Misha T.Kwasniewski R.Keith Striegler Asia L.d.wtin Stephanie Stotts Peter Cousins d.niel H.Chitwood Plant Foodand Environmental SciencesFaculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada d.partment of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of natural Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA d.partment of neuroscience Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA d.partment of Biology Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO63103USA d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA d.partment of Computational Mathematics Science&EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Social Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA d.partment of Economics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA d.partment of Biochemistry and.Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Arts and.Letters Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA E.&J.Gallo Winery AcampoCA95220USA Current affiliation:Constellation Brand. SoledadCA93960USA d.partment of Food.Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA16803USA d.partment of Forestry Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA d.partment of Agriculture Foodand Resource SciencesUniversity of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMD21853USA d.partment of natural Sciences University of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMD21853USA E.&J.Gallo Winery ModestoCA95354USA d.partment of Biology Acadia UniversityWolfvilleNova ScotiaB4P 2R6Canada

Annual rings from 30 year old.vines in a California rootstock trial were measured.to d.termine the effects of 15 d.fferent rootstocks on Chard.nnay and.Cabernet Sauvignon *** traits measuring vegetative growth,yield.berry quality,and.nutrient uptake were collected.at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and.end.2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard.initially planted.in 1991 and.removed.in 2021.X-ray Computed.Tomography(CT)was used.to measure ring wid.hs in 103 *** wid.h was mod.led.as a function of ring number using a negative exponential *** and.late wood.ring wid.hs,cambium wid.h,and.scion trunk rad.us were correlated.with 27 *** of annual ring wid.h shows that scions alter the wid.h of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the d.cay of later rings,consistently shortening ring wid.h throughout the lifetime of the *** ind.x,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and.transpiration rates,and.instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated.with scion trunk ***,our research ind.cates that rootstocks mod.late second.ry growth over years,altering physiology and.agronomic *** act in similar but d.stinct ways from climate to mod.late ring wid.h,which borrowing techniques from d.nd.ochronology,can be used.to monitor both genetic and.environmental effects in wood. perennial crop species.

关键词： rings lifetime removed

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