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Enhanced nitric oxide production is a universal response to hypoxic stress

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National Science Review 2018年第4期5卷 532-533页

作者： martin Feelisch Clinical & Experimental Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group Faculty of Medicine Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton NSR

Life at high altitude poses a formidable challenge to human physiology because every breath of thin air inhaled contains less oxygen(O2)per volume than air at sea level,causing the resultant drop in O2 pressure in blood to limit performance and threaten *** short-term adjustments to hypoxia(acclimatization)including increased erythropoiesis ensure total

关键词： Enhanced nitric oxide production is a universal response to hypoxic stress

Artificial versus Natural Reuse of CO2 for DME Production：Are We Any Closer？

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Engineering 2017年第2期3卷 166-170页

作者： Mariano martin Department of Chemical Engineering University of Salamanca Salamanca 37008 Spain

This work uses a mathematical optimization approach to analyze and compare facilities that either capturecarbon dioxide （CO2） artificially or use naturally captured COs in the form of lignocellulosic biomass towardthe production of the same product, dimethyl ether （DME）. In nature, plants capture COs via photosynthesisin order to grow. The design of the first process discussed here is based on a superstructure optimizationapproach in order to select technologies that transform lignocellulosic biomass into DME. Biomass is gas-ified; next, the raw syngas must be purified using reforming, scrubbing, and carbon capture technologiesbefore it can be used to directly produce DME. Alternatively, CO2 can be captured and used to produce DMEvia hydrogenation. Hydrogen （H2） is produced by splitting water using solar energy. Facilities based on bothphotovoltaic （PV） solar or concentrated solar power （CSP） technologies have been designed; their monthlyoperation, which is based on solar availability, is determined using a multi-period approach. The currentlevel of technological development gives biomass an advantage as a carbon capture technology, since bothwater consumption and economic parameters are in its favor. However, due to the area required for growingbiomass and the total amount of water consumed （if plant growing is also accounted for）, the decision to use biomass is not a straightforward one.

关键词： Solar energy Photovoltaic Concentrated solar power Biomass Water electrolysis Dimethyl ether

Stable analysis on speed-adaptive observer in regenerating mode

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 213-222页

作者： OUYANGYi MAERZ martin Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology ofFraunhofer Erlangen 91058 Germany

Speed-adaptive full-order flux observer is the most promising flux estimator among all the sensorless control ***,conventional speed-adaptive flux observer becomes unstable during regenerating operation at low speed since induction motor is an observable system except dc ***,the instability problem is caused by inappropriate designing of *** on the eigenvalues of extended observer,this paper interprets unstable situation,that the eigenvalues of extended ob-server have a positive real ***,the observer cannot *** the two different solutions for unstable prob-lem-positive real maintaining and current error augment,the proposed method based on the eigenvalue could unify these two solutions,which gives the complete stability condition for speed-adaptive full-order *** does a lot help in observer *** observer configured by this proposed method was verified in the torque controlling of 20 kW induction *** to the experiment result,with appropriate designing of observer,the unstable situation during regeneration mode could be completely overcome.

关键词： sensorless control field orientation induction motor drives instability regenerating mode

The pH of the Apoplast： Dynamic Factor with =unctional Impact Under Stress

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Molecular Plant 2017年第11期10卷 1371-1386页

作者： Christoph-martin Geilfus Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt-University of Berlin Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1 14195 Berlin Germany

The apoplast is an interconnected compartment with a thin water-film that alkalinizes under stress. This systemic pH increase may be a secondary effect without functional implications, arising from ion movements or proton-pump regulations. On the other hand, there are increasing indications that it is part of a mechanism to withstand stress. Regardless of this controversy, alkalinization of the apoplast has received little attention. The apoplastic pH （PHapo） increases not only during plant-pathogen interactions but also in response to salinity or drought. Not much is known about the mechanisms that cause the leaf apoplast to alkalinize, nor whether, and if so, how functional impact is conveyed. Controversial explanations have been given, and the unusual complexity of pHapo regulation is considered as the primary reason behind this lack of knowledge. A gathering of scattered information revealed that changes in PHapo convey functionality by regulating stomatal aperture via the effects exerted on abscisic acid. Moreover, apoplastic alkalinization may regulate growth under stress, whereas this needs to be verified. In this review, a comprehensive survey about several physiological mechanisms that alkalize the apoplast under stress is given, and the suitability of apoplastic alkalinization as transducing element for the transmission of sensory information is discussed.

关键词： apoplastic fluid alkalinization abscisic acid PM-H^+-ATPase S-Type anion channel malate

Adaptive optical microscopy: the ongoing quest for a perfect image

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 243-249页

作者： martin J Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxford OX13PJUK Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour University of OxfordOxford OX13SRUnited Kingdom School in Advanced Optical Technologies Friedrich-Alexander Universita¨t Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg91052 ErlangenGermany

Adaptive optics is becoming a valuable tool for high resolution microscopy,providing correction for aberrations introduced by the refractive index structure of *** is proving particularly promising for applications that require images from deep within biological tissue *** review recent developments in adaptive microscopy,including methods and applications.A range of advances in different microscope modalities is covered and prospects for the future are discussed.

关键词： aberrations adaptive optics microscopy

Versatile chip-based nanoscopy becomes ready for histopathology assessment

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 730-732页

作者： martin Lopez-Garcia Natural and Artificial Photonic Structures Group International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryBraga 4715-330Portugal

Nanoscopy is a mature technology used routinely in life science to obtain images well below the optical diffraction *** the use of nanoscopy in histopathology assessment is very limited mostly due to the low throughput of traditional nanoscopic *** far,Chip-nanoscopy,nanoscopy in which sample illumination is performed by an integrated photonic chip instead of bulk optics,has been shown to provide an enhanced field of view and throughput for cell ***,a new development shows that chip-nanoscopy also offers interesting progress for the study of histological samples offering a complementary technique to electron microscopy for histopathology assessment.

关键词： nanos offering illumination

Progress on band structure engineering of twisted bilayer and two-dimensional moiré heterostructures

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第12期29卷 5-16页

作者： Wei Yao martin Aeschlimann Shuyun Zhou Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern67663 KaiserslauternGermany State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Artificially constructed van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)provide an ideal platform for realizing emerging quantum phenomena in condensed matter *** methods for building vdWHs have been developed:stacking two-dimensional(2D)materials into a bilayer structure with different lattice constants,or with different *** interlayer coupling stemming from commensurate or incommensurate superlattice pattern plays an important role in vdWHs for modulating the band structures and generating new electronic *** this article,we review a series of novel quantum states discovered in two model vdWH systems—graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)hetero-bilayer and twisted bilayer graphene(tBLG),and discuss how the electronic structures are modified by such stacking and *** also provide perspectives for future studies on hetero-bilayer materials,from which an expansion of 2D material phase library is expected.

关键词： twisted bilayer graphene van der Waals heterostructure band structure engineering

Conditioned duality between supercontinental’assembly’and’breakup’LIPs

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1635-1649页

作者： martin B.Klausen Department of Earth Sciences Stellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1MatielandSouth Africa

A compilation of 178 more precise ages on 10 potential Large Igneous Provinces(LIPs)across southern Africa,is compared to Earth’s supercontinental cycles,where 5 more prominent LIP-events all formed during the assembly of supercontinents,rather than during *** temporal bias is confirmed by a focused review of field relationships,where these syn-assembly LIPs formed behind active continental arcs;whereas,the remaining postassembly-and likely breakup-related-LIPs never share such *** the possibility of two radically different LIP-types,only the two younger breakup events(the Karoo LIP and Gannakouriep Suite)produced basalts with more enriched asthenospheric OIB-signatures;whereas,all assembly LIPs produced basalts with stronger lithospheric,as well as more or less primitive asthenospheric,signatures.A counterintuitive observation of Precambrian breakup LIPs outcropping as smaller fragments that are more peripherally located along craton margins,compared to assembly LIPs as well as the Phanerozoic Karoo breakup LIP,is explained by different preservation potentials during subsequent supercontinental ***,further accentuating radical differences between(1)breakup LIPs,preferentially intruding along what evolves to become volcanic rifted margins that are more susceptible to deformation within subsequent orogens,and(2)assembly LIPs,typically emplaced along backarc rifts within more protected cratonic interiors.A conditioned duality is proposed,where assembly LIPs are primarily sustained by thermal blanketing(as well as local arc hydration and rifting)below assembling supercontinents and breakup LIPs more typically form above impinging mantle *** a duality is further related to an overall dynamic Earth model whereby predominantly supercontinent-orientated ocean lithospheric subduction establishes/revitalizes large low shear velocity provinces(LLSVPs)during assembly LIP-activity,and heating of such LLSVPs by the Earth’s core subsequ

关键词： Large igneous provinces Extrovert plate tectonics LLSVP Mantle dynamics Geochemical discrimination

Simulating bicycle traffic by the intelligent-driver model-Reproducing the traffic-wave characteristics observed in a bicycle-following experiment

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 19-29页

作者： Valentina Kurtc martin Treiber Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic UniversitySt.Petersburg 195251Russia Institute for Transport and Economics Technische Universitat DresdenDresden 01062Germany

Bicycle traffic operations become increasingly important and yet are largely ignored in the traffic flow community,until *** hypothesize that there is no qualitative difference between vehicular and bicycle traffic flow dynamics in single-file case,so the latter can be described by reparameterized car-following *** test this proposition,we reproduce German(Andresen et al.,2014)and Chinese(Jiang et al.,2016)bicycle experiments on a ring with the intelligent-driver model(IDM)and compare its fit quality(calibration)and predictive power(validation)with that of the necessary-deceleration-model(NDM),which is specifically designed for bike *** find similar quality metrics for both models,so the above hypothesis of a qualitative equivalence cannot be ***,calibration errors of the IDM turn up to be slightly smaller compared to the NDM *** NDM represents significant calibration errors for high flow densities,which correspond to flow states,when stop-and-go wave *** to validation tests,the IDM outperforms the NDM as *** two types of validation techniques we discover that inter-driver variation is much higher than the intra-driver variation for bicycle *** coincides with the results obtained from vehicular traffic experiments(NGSIM trajectory data).In addition,we suggest the measure for quantitative comparison of two microscopic fundamental diagrams,which are derived from experimental data and simulated *** analysis of speed-density relations provides more or less the same results for both models.

关键词： Bicycle traffic Car-following model Stop-and-go waves Calibration Validation Fundamental diagram