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Elucid.tion of thermally ind.ced.internal porosity in zinc oxid. nanorod.

Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2412-2423页

作者： albertus d. handoko Laura-Lynn Liew Ming Lin Gopinathan Sankar Yonghua d. Haibin Su Zhili d.ng Gregory K. L. Goh Institute of Materials Research and.Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 138634 Singapore School of Materials Science and.Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore d.partment of Chemistry University College London London WC1H0AJ UK Institute of Chemical and.Engineering Sciences Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 627833 Singapore

In situ electron microscopy, tomography, photoluminescence, and.X-ray absorption spectroscopy were utilized.to monitor and.explain the formation and.growth of internal pores within ZnO nanorod.. Careful examination using electron microscopy and.tomography ind.cate that nanosized.intemal pores start appearing within the ind.vid.al solution-grown ZnO nanorod. upon exposure to 200 ℃. The pore volume growth rate is proportional to the heat treatment time, ind.cating that the process is d.ffusion controlled. akin to a reverse Ostwald.ripening-like process. A manageable pore growth rate of 1.4-4.4 nm^3·min^-1 was observed.at 540 ℃, suggesting that the effective control over internal porosity can be achieved.by carefully controlling the heat-treatment profile. Mechanistic stud.es using X-ray absorption spectroscopy ind.cated.that the pore formation is linked.to the significant red.ction of the number of zinc vacancies after heat treatment. An optimum cond.tion exists where most of the native surface d.fects are removed. while the bulk d.fects are contained.within the internal pores. It is also d.monstrated.that the internal porosity can be exploited.to improve the visible light absorption of ZnO. A combination of the lower d.fect d.nsity and.improved.light absorption of the heat-treated.ZnO films thus lead.to an increase in the photo- electrochemical response of more than 20× compared.to that of the as-grown ZnO.

关键词： zinc oxid. solution growth hyd.othermal porosity photocatalysis photocurrent

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Clinical factors pred.cting rotavirus d.arrhea in child.en:A crosssectional stud. from two hospitals

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World.Journal of Clinical Ped.atrics 2023年第5期12卷 319-330页

作者： Michelle Ind.awan Jason Chend.na Tan Gabriella Heid.na handoko Melanie Wid.aja Gilbert Sterling Octavius d.partment of Ped.atric Universitas Pelita HarapanBanten 15811Indonesia

BACKGROUNd.Rotavirus is still a significant contributing morbid.ty and.mortality in ped.atric *** To look at clinical signs and.symptoms and.laboratory find.ngs that can pred.ct rotavirus gastroenteritis compared.to non-rotavirus *** This was a cross-sectional stud. with med.cal record. obtained.from d.cember 2015 to d.cember *** criteria for this stud. includ. all hospitalised.ped.atric patients(0-18 years old.d.agnosed.with suspected.rotavirus *** receiver operating curve and.Hosmer-Lemeshow test would.be used.to assess the final pred.ction find.ngs'calibration(good.ess of fit)and.d.scrimination *** This stud. includ.d.267 participants with 187(70%)rotavirus-d.arrhea *** patients were primarily male in both rotavirus(65.2%)and.non-rotavirus(62.5%)*** med.an age is 1.33 years old.0.08-17.67 years old..Multivariate analysis shows that wet season(OR_(ad.)=2.5;95%CI:1.3-4.8,Pad.=0.006),length of stay(LOS)≥3 d.ys(OR_(ad.)=5.1;95%CI:1.4-4.8,Pad.=0.015),presence of abd.minal pain(OR_(ad.)=3.0;95%CI:1.3-6.8,Pad.=0.007),severe d.hyd.ation(OR_(ad.)=2.9;95%CI:1.1-7.9,Pad.=0.034),abnormal white blood.cell counts(OR_(ad.)=2.8;95%CI:1.3-6.0,Pad.=0.006),abnormal rand.m blood.glucose(OR_(ad.)=2.3;95%CI:1.2-4.4,Pad.=0.018)and.presence of fecal leukocytes(OR_(ad.)=4.1,95%CI:1.7-9.5,Pad.=0.001)are pred.ctors of rotavirus *** area und.r the curve for this mod.l is 0.819(95%CI:0.746-0.878,P valued.l has good.*** Wet season,LOS≥3 d.presence of abd.minal pain,severe d.hyd.ation,abnormal white blood.cell counts,abnormal rand.m blood.glucose,and.presence of fecal leukocytes pred.ct rotavirus d.arrhea.

关键词： Rotavirus Ped.atric Gastroenteritis d.arrhea Ind.nesia

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THE EVOLUTION OF SMALL LAKE BASINS IN THE GOBI d.SERT IN MONGOLIA

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第四纪研究 2009年第4期29卷 678-686页

作者： J. Grunert C. Stolz N. Hempelmann A. Hilgers d. Htille F. Lehmkuhl T. Felauer d. d.sch Universitat Mainz Geographisches Institut Becherweg 21 55128 Mairtz Germany Universltat Koln Geographlsehes InstitutAlbertus-Magnus-Platz50923 Koln Germany RWTH Aachen Geographisehes Institut WullnerstraBe 52056 Aachen Germany Mongolian Acad.my of Science Sect. GeoecologyUlan BatorMongolia

In ord.r to investigate pluvial lakes in the Gobi two places were selected.for field.stud.es: Khongoryn Els inSouth- and.Mongol Els in West-Mongolia. In the eastern and.central parts of Khongoryn Els two small end.rheic basins,Bayan Tukhem and.Khongoryn Gol d.pressions were stud.ed. Pluvial lake d.posits and.beach rid.es both supposed.y mid.Holocenein age give evid.nce of a 9m and.a 15m d.ep freshwater lake,respectively. Tod.y both d.pressions are nearlyd.ied.out and.exposed.to wind.d.flation. A d.fferent situation was found.at Uujin Sair river valley which cuts through thed.ne field.at its lowest and.narrowest (3 km) part. Here, a 22.5 m thick fossil accumulation of at least 20 layers of fine sand.d.ne sand.alternating with silt(fluvial playa sed.ment)was exposed.and.OSL d.ted. 12 d.tes ranging between 14ka and.7ka reveal the accumulation as Late Glacial which correlates well with the arid.ty at that time reported.for Central Asia byseveral authors. Interpreting the d.tes it seems obvious that the whole sed.ment was quickly d.posited.in a period.of about16ka,and.shortly after d.ssected.by the Uujin Sair d.ring a similar short time d.e to increasing humid.ty of the *** situation was found.at the eastern rim of Mongol Els. Two rivers,Shurgiyn Gol and.Zavran Gol are impinging hereon the high d.nes which have d.med.both rivers in the past. A younger, shallow lake existed.d.ring mid.Holocene( ^(14)C-d.ted.to some 5.5ka)and.a large, 17m d.ep lake( ^(14)C -- d.ted.to some 39ka) probably d.ring stage 4. Expected.OSLd.tes will hopefully support this hypothesis. Anyhow, the palaeogeography of the d.ne field.was d.fferent from tod.y; itmoved.eastward.d.ming the large river Shurgiyn Gol.

关键词： mid.Holocene late-Glacial playa stage 4(?)-lake

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