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Enhancing efficiency and stability of organic solar cells through a simplified four-step synthesis of fully non-fused ring electron acceptor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 601-608,I0015页

作者： Chenyang Han Huanhuan Gao Yanna Sun Yuanyuan Kan Zhaozhao Bi Wei Ma Yani Zhang Juan Antonio zapien Yingguo Yang Ke Gao College of New Energy Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065ShaanxiChina Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 99907China School of Microelectronics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Design and synthesis of superior cost-effective non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)are still big challenges for facilitating the commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs),yet to be realized.Herein,two medium bandgap fully non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs,medium bandgap,i,e.,1,3-1,8 eV),namely PTR-2Cl and PTR-4Cl are synthesized with only four steps by using intramolecular noncovalent interaction central core,structured alkyl side chain orientation linking units and flanking with different electron-withdrawing end group.Among them,PTR-4C1 exhibits increased average electrostatic potential(ESP)difference with polymer donor,enhanced crystallinity and compactπ-πstacking compared with the control molecule PTR-2CI.As a result,the PTR-4Cl-based OSC achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.72%,with a much higher open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 0.953 V and significantly improved fill factor(FF)of 0.758,demonstrating one of the best acceptor material in the top-performing fully NFREA-based OSCs with both high PCE and V_(OC).Notably,PTR-4Cl-based cells maintain a good T_80lifetime of its initial PCE after over 936 h under a continuous thermal annealing treatment and over1300 h T_(80)lifetime without encapsulation.This work provides a cost-effective design strategy for NFREAs on obtaining high V_(OC),efficient exciton dissociation,and ordered molecular packing and thus high-efficiency and stable OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Fully non-fused ring acceptors End group engineering Morphology regulation High efficiency

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Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the management of urinary stones: New concepts and techniques to improve outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 143-148页

作者： Pilar Bahilo-Mateu alberto Budia-Alba Lithotripsy and Endourology Unit La Fe University and Polytechnic HospitalValenciaSpain Lithotripsy and Endourology Unit Urology DepartmentLa Fe University and Polytechnic HospitalValenciaSpain

Objective: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) currently plays an important role in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The purpose of this article was to describe new concepts and procedural strategies that would improve results using SWL as a treatment for urolithiasis, thereby achieving better clinical practice.Methods: A systematic review process was carried in PubMed/PMC from January 2003 to March 2023. A narrative synthesis of the most important aspects has been made.Results: The important recommendations for the adequate selection of the candidate patient for treatment with SWL are summarized, as well as the new strategies for a better application of the technique. Aspects about intraoperative position, stone localization and monitoring, analgesic control, machine and energy settings, and measures aiming at reduced risk of complications are described.Conclusion: To achieve the therapeutic goal of efficient stone disintegration without increasing the risk of complications, it is necessary to make an adequate selection of patients and to pay special attention to several important factors in the application of treatment. Technological development in later generation devices will help to improve current SWL results.

关键词： Lithotripsy Extracorporeal shockwave Stone disease Treatment Urinary stone

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An Optimization Model for Reliability Improvement and Cost Reduction Through EV Smart Charging

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 608-620页

作者： Jinping Zhao Ali Arefi alberto Borghetti Gerard Ledwich School of Engineering and Energy Murdoch UniversityPerthAustralia Department of Electrical Electronicand Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaBologna40126Italy School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

There is a general concern that the increasing penetration of electric vehicles(EVs)will result in higher aging failure probability of equipment and reduced network reliability.The electricity costs may also increase,due to the exacerbation of peak load led by uncontrolled EV charging.This paper proposes a linear optimization model for the assessment of the benefits of EV smart charging on both network reliability improvement and electricity cost reduction.The objective of the proposed model is the cost minimization,including the loss of load,repair costs due to aging failures,and EV charging expenses.The proposed model incorporates a piecewise linear model representation for the failure probability distributions and utilizes a machine learning approach to represent the EV charging load.Considering two different test systems(a 5-bus network and the IEEE 33-bus network),this paper compares aging failure probabilities,service unavailability,expected energy not supplied,and total costs in various scenarios with and without the implementation of EV smart charging.

关键词： Aging failure electric vehicle(EV) EV charging power system reliability expected energy not supplied distribution network.

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Distributed Energy and Reserve Scheduling in Local Energy Communities Using L-BFGS Optimization

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 942-952页

作者： Mohammad Dolatabadi Alireza Zakariazadeh alberto Borghetti Pierluigi Siano Department of Management&Innovation Systems University of SalernoSalernoItaly Department of Electrical Electronicand Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran BehshahrIran Department of Power Systems National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA BucharestBucharestRomania IEEE

Encouraging citizens to invest in small-scale renewable resources is crucial for transitioning towards a sustainable and clean energy system.Local energy communities(LECs)are expected to play a vital role in this context.However,energy scheduling in LECs presents various challenges,including the preservation of customer privacy,adherence to distribution network constraints,and the management of computational burdens.This paper introduces a novel approach for energy scheduling in renewable-based LECs using a decentralized optimization method.The proposed approach uses the Limitedmemory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(L-BFGS)method,significantly reducing the computational effort required for solving the mixed integer programming(MIP)problem.It incorporates network constraints,evaluates energy losses,and enables community participants to provide ancillary services like a regulation reserve to the grid utility.To assess its robustness and efficiency,the proposed approach is tested on an 84-bus radial distribution network.Results indicate that the proposed distributed approach not only matches the accuracy of the corresponding centralized model but also exhibits scalability and preserves participant privacy.

关键词： Distributed optimization flexibility services L-BFGS method local energy community renewables reserve

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Identification and functional characterization of fish IL‑17 receptors suggest important roles in the response to nodavirus infection

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 252-265页

作者： Carmen González‑Fernández Miguel A.García‑Álvarez alberto Cuesta Department of Cell Biology and Histology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Murcia30100 MurciaSpain Laboratoire d’écotoxicologie Centre de Lyon-VilleurbanneINRAEUR RiverLy69625 VilleurbanneFrance

Th17 is a lymphocyte T helper(Th)subpopulation relevant in the control and regulation of the immune response characterized by the production of interleukin(IL)-17.This crucial cytokine family acts through their binding to the IL-17 receptors(IL-17R),having up to six members.Although the biology of fish Th17 is well-recognized,the molecular and functional characterization of IL-17 and IL-17R has been limited.Thus,our aim was to identify and characterize the IL-17R repertory and regulation in the two main Mediterranean cultured fish species,the gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)and the European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax).Our in silico results showed the clear identification of six members in each fish species,from IL-17RA to IL-17RE-like,with well-conserved gene structure and protein domains with their human orthologues.All of them showed wide and constitutive transcription in naïve tissues but with highest levels in mucosal tissues,namely skin,gill or intestine.In leucocytes,T mitogens showed the strongest up-regulation in most of the il17 receptors though il17ra resulted in inhibition by most stimulants.Interestingly,in vivo nodavirus infection resulted in alterations on the transcription of il17 receptors.While nodavirus infection led to some increments in the il17ra,il17rb,il17rc and il17rd transcripts in the susceptible European sea bass,many down-regulations were observed in the resistant gilthead seabream.Our data identify the presence and conservation of six coding IL-17R in gilthead seabream and European sea bass as well as their differential regulation in vitro and upon nodavirus infection.

关键词： Th17 cells IL-17 receptors Immunity Teleost fish Nodavirus(NNV) Aquaculture

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Neuroprotective effect of immunomodulatory peptides in rats with traumatic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1273-1280页

作者： Dulce Parra-Villamar Liliana Blancas-Espinoza Elisa Garcia-Vences Juan Herrera-García Adrian Flores-Romero alberto toscano-zapien Jonathan Vilchis Villa Rodríguez Barrera-Roxana Soria Zavala Karla Antonio Ibarra Raúl Silva-García Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI/Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social/Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud(CICSA) Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Anáhuac MéxicoCampus NorteHuixquilucanEdo de MéxicoMéxico Centro de Investigación del Proyecto Camina A.C Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico

Several therapies have shown obvious effects on structural conservation contributing to motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI).Nevertheless, neither strategy has achieved a convincing effect.We purposed a combined therapy of immunomodulatory peptides that individually have shown significant effects on motor functional recovery in rats with SCI.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined therapy of monocyte locomotion inhibitor factor(MLIF), A91 peptide, and glutathione monoethyl ester(GSH-MEE) on chronic-stage spinal cord injury.Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a laminectomy of the T9 vertebra and a moderate contusion.Six groups were included: sham, PBS, MLIF + A91, MLIF + GSH-MEE, A91 + GSH-MEE, and MLIF + A91 + GSH-MEE.Two months after injury, motor functional recovery was evaluated using the open field test.Parenchyma and white matter preservation was evaluated using hematoxylin & eosin staining and Luxol Fast Blue staining, respectively.The number of motoneurons in the ventral horn and the number of axonal fibers were determined using hematoxylin & eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Collagen deposition was evaluated using Masson's trichrome staining.The combined therapy of MLIF, A91, and GSH-MEE greatly contributed to motor functional recovery and preservation of the medullary parenchyma, white matter, motoneurons, and axonal fibres, and reduced the deposition of collagen in the lesioned area.The combined therapy of MLIF, A91, and GSH-MEE preserved spinal cord tissue integrity and promoted motor functional recovery of rats after SCI.This study was approved by the National Commission for Scientific Research on Bioethics and Biosafety of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social under registration number R-2015-785-116(approval date November 30, 2015) and R-2017-3603-33(approval date June 5, 2017).

关键词： glutathione monoethyl ester monocyte locomotion inhibitor factor motor functional recovery neuroprotection neurorestoration peptides protective autoimmunity spinal cord injury

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Intelligent speed adaptation for visibility technology affects drivers’speed selection along curves with sight limitations

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期11卷 16-27页

作者： Abrar Hazoor alberto Terrafino Leandro L.Di Stasi Marco Bassani Department of Environment Landand Infrastructure EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy Road Traffic Division Nord UniversityStjørdal 7502Norway Mind Brainand Behavior Research Centre(CIMCYC)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain

Sight obstructions along road curves can lead to a crash if the driver is not able to stop the vehicle in time.This is a particular issue along curves with limited available sight,where speed management is necessary to avoid unsafe situations(e.g.,driving off the road or invading the other traffic lane).To solve this issue,we proposed a novel intelligent speed adaptation(ISA)system for visibility,called V-ISA(intelligent speed adaptation for visibility).It estimates the real-time safe speed limits based on the prevailing sight conditions.V-ISA comes with three variants with specific feedback modalities(1)visual and(2)auditory information,and(3)direct intervention to assume control over the vehicle speed.Here,we investigated the efficiency of each of the three V-ISA variants on driving speed choice and lateral behavioural response along road curves with limited and unsafe available sight distances,using a driving simulator.We also considered curve road geometry(curve direction:rightward vs.leftward).Sixty active drivers were recruited for the study.While half of them(experimental group)tested the three V-ISA variants(and a V-ISA off condition),the other half always drove with the V-ISA off(validation group).We used a linear mixed-effect model to evaluate the influence of V-ISA on driver behaviour.All V-ISA variants were efficient at reducing speeds at entrance points,with no discernible negative impact on driver lateral behaviour.On rightward curves,the V-ISA intervening variant appeared to be the most effective at adapting to sight limitations.Results of the current study implies that V-ISA might assist drivers to adjust their operating speed as per prevailing sight conditions and,consequently,establishes safer driving conditions.

关键词： Sight distance Intelligent speed adaptation Driver behaviour Road safety Driving simulation Advanced driver assistance systems

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Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroprotection by oligopeptides from snake venoms

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BIOCELL 2024年第6期48卷 897-904页

作者： CARLOS alberto-SILVA BRENDA RUFINO DA SILVA Natural and Humanities Sciences Center Experimental Morphophysiology LaboratoryFederal University of ABC(UFABC)São Bernardo do CampoSão PauloBrazil

Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological proﬁles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review speciﬁcally examines the fundamental elements of neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake venom.It also includes a brief evaluation of short peptides that are being considered as potential therapeutic agents.Proline-rich peptides and tryptophyllin family peptides isolated from the crude venom of Viperidae family snakes,speciﬁcally Bothrops atrox,Bothrops jararaca,and Bothrops moojeni,have been shown to have pro-survival properties,the ability to reduce oxidative stress,and the ability to promote cell viability and mitochondrial functions.Three signiﬁcant mechanisms are related to the neuroprotection mediated by snake venom oligopeptides:(1)Activation of the L-arginine metabolite pathway,such as polyamines from ornithine metabolism,which reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity;(2)Enhancement of cell viability by activating the nerve growth factor-signaling pathway;and(3)Activation of the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1(mAChR-M1).These small peptides show promise as neuroprotective agents against a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Neuroprotective peptides Neurodegenerative disease Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species Biopeptides

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Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability worldwide.Neuroinflammation that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this response.Following traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain regions.Homeostatic astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are overexpressed.This altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive recovery.In addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional recovery.Current therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute complications.Statins,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of astrocytes.In this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRNAs or lncRNA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

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Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed control.For each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration layer.The results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of biodiversity.The differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock density.The most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration layers.Contrarily,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its composition.Our findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable livestock.New forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

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