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Insect-plant-pathogen interactions as shaped by future climate effects on biology, distribution, and implications for agriculture

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 975-989页

作者： piotr Trebicki Beatriz Dader Simone Vassiliadis alberto Fereres Biosciences Research Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources (DEDJTR) Horsham VIC Australia INRA UMR 385 BGPI (CIRAD-INRA-SupAgroM) Campus International de Baillarguet Montpellier France Biosciences Research DEDJTR La Trobe University AgriBio Centre 5 Ring Road Bundoora VIC Australia Institute of Agricultural Sciences-CSIC Madrid Spain

Carbon dioxide （CO2） is the main anthropogenic gas which has drastically increased since the industrial revolution, and current concentrations are projected to double by the end of this century. As a consequence, elevated CO2 is expected to alter the earths＇ climate, increase global temperatures and change weather patterns. This is likely to have both direct and indirect impacts on plants, insect pests, plant pathogens and their distribution, and is therefore problematic for the security of future food production. This review summarizes the latest findings and highlights current knowledge gaps regarding the influence of climate change on insect, plant and pathogen interactions with an emphasis on agriculture and food production. Direct effects of climate change, including increased CO2 concentration, temperature, patterns of rainfall and severe weather events that impact insects （namely vectors of plant pathogens） are discussed. Elevated CO2 and temperature, together with plant pathogen infection, can considerably change plant biochemistry and therefore plant defense responses. This can have substantial consequences on insect fecun- dity, feeding rates, survival, population size, and dispersal. Generally, changes in host plant quality due to elevated CO2 （e.g., carbon to nitrogen ratios in C3 plants） negatively affect insect pests. However, compensatory feeding, increased population size and distribution have also been reported for some agricultural insect pests. This underlines the importance of additional research on more targeted, individual insect-plant scenarios at specific locations to fully understand the impact of a changing climate on insect-plant-pathogen interactions.

关键词： carbon dioxide climate change food security pests trophic interactions

Relation between Mass and Radius of Exoplanets Distinguished by their Density

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第6期23卷 47-55页

作者： alberto S.Betzler JoséG.V.Miranda Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Sustentabilidade Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da BahiaFeira de SantanaBahia44.085-132Brazil Instituto de Fisica Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBahia40.170-115Brazil

The formation of the solar system has been studied since the 18th century and received a boost in 1995 with the discovery of the first exoplanet,51 pegasi *** investigations increased the number of confirmed planets to about5400 to *** possible internal structure and composition of these planets can be inferred from the relationship between planet mass and radius,*** have analyzed the M-R relation of a selected sample of iron-rock and ice-gas planets using a fractal approach to their *** application of fractal theory is particularly useful to define the physical meaning of the proportionality constant and the exponent in an empirical M-R power law in exoplanets,but this does not necessarily mean that they have an internal fractal *** M-R relations based on this sample are M=(1.46±0.08)R^(2.6±0.2)for the rocky population(3.6≤ρ≤14.3 g cm^(-3)),with 1.5≤M≤39M_(⊕),and M=(0.27±0.04)R^(2.7±0.2)for ice-gas planets(0.3≤ρ≤2.1 g cm^(-3))with 5.1≤M≤639 M_(⊕)(or■2 M_(J))and orbital periods greater than 10 *** M-R relations have in their density range a great predictive power for the determination of the mass of exoplanets and even for the largest icy moons of the solar *** average fractal dimension of these planets is D=2.6±0.1,indicating that these objects likely have a similar degree of heterogeneity in their densities and a nearly similar composition in each *** M-R diagram shows a"gap"between ice-gas and iron-rock *** gap is a direct consequence of the density range of these two *** empirically propose an upper mass limit of about 100 M_(⊕),so that an M-R relation for ice-gas planets in a narrow density range is defined by M∝R^(3).

关键词： planets and satellites:formation planets and satellites:terrestrial planets planets and satellites:gaseous planets

Air-coupled pMUTs array with residual stresses:experimental tests in the linear and non-linear dynamic regime

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2020年第4期11卷 387-399页

作者： Gianluca Massimino Borka Lazarova Fabio Quaglia alberto Corigliano Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering politecnico Di Milano MilanItaly Analog MEMS&Sensors Group STMicroelectronicsCornaredoItaly

The mechanical characterization of a 4×4 air-coupled array of piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers(pMUTs)is *** experimental campaign consists of three set of experi-mental tests,namely:topography measurements,small signal dynamic measurements,and vibrometry in the non-linear dynamic *** behavior of three different kinds of pMUT are *** differ according to the thermo-electrical treatment that has been applied to the piezoelectric *** presence of the fabrication induced residual stresses is investigated and the treat-ment effect is evaluated in terms of the initial deflected *** results reported in this paper represent an experimental mechanical investigation useful for the design of pMUT structures with advanced functionalities in the linear and non-linear regime.

关键词： acoustic-structure interaction array experimental characterization non-linear dynamics piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers(pMUTs) ultrasound

primary malignant tumors of bone surface:a review with emphasis in differential diagnosis

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 632-646页

作者： Marina pacheco alberto Righi Department of pathology IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBologna 40136Italy

Surface tumors of the bone are broadly defined as a diverse group of osteogenic and chondrogenic benign and malignant neoplasms that arise adjacent to the outer surface of cortical *** may be a cause of diagnostic difficulty due to a degree of histological overlap,rarity,and *** this review we summarize the different histological types of primary malignant tumors of bone surface,namely,secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma,periosteal chondrosarcoma,parosteal osteosarcoma,dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma,periosteal osteosarcoma,and high-grade surface *** provide a comprehensive updated review of their pathogenesis and highlight radiological,macroscopic,and histopathological features and recently available ancillary diagnostic tools that may aid in the differential diagnosis.

关键词： Secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma periosteal chondrosarcoma parosteal osteosarcoma periosteal osteosarcoma high-grade surface osteosarcoma

On a Measure of Non-compactness for Some Classical Operators

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2006年第6期22卷 1847-1862页

作者： David E.EDMUNDS alberto FIORENZA Alexander MESKHI School of Mathematics Cardiff University Dipartimentodi Costruzioni e Metodi Matematici in Architettura Scuola Normale Superiore

The measure of non-compactness is estimated from below for various operators, including the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, the fractional maximal operator and the Hilbert transform, all acting between weighted Lebesgue spaces. The identity operator acting between weighted Lebesgue spaces and also between the counterparts of these spaces with variable exponents is similarly analysed. These results enable the lack of compactness of such operators to be quantified.

关键词： measure of non-compactness maximal functions singular integrals embeddings weight

Yield stress measurements and microstructure of colloidal kaolin powders clusterized and dispersed in different liquids

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particuology 2009年第6期7卷 438-444页

作者： Dario T.Beruto alberto Lagazzo Rodolfo Botter Roberto Grillo Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering (DICAT)University of GenoaP.le Kennedy (Fiera del Mare)Pad. D16129-GenoaItaly Artigo S.p.A. loc.Carpeneto17014-Cairo Montenotte (SV)Italy

Rheologicat measurements of four colloidal kaolin powders dispersed in water, paraffinic oil and liquid rubber have been done at solid concentration （9 （VS/VL） in the range 8-33%. In quasi-static conditions the yield stress τ° values were derived. An S-shaped relationship between τ° and （9 exists, that allows to evaluate the percolation threshold θc values. In water θc ranges between 29% and 33%, while it is between 17% and 21% in oil and in liquid rubber. In water the microstructure units, i.e. the primary clusters among kaolin crystallites, are denser and bigger than the ones in the two other liquids. Furthermore, in quasistatic condition, the aqueous microstructure units have less tendency to cling together to form a network that can span all over the liquid phase. The different kaolin dispersions at θ equal to 22% are characterized by yield stress ranging between 7.S pa and 59 pa in water, 66-250 pa in oil and 230-770 pa in liquid rubber. It has been found that for any kaolin types the log τ°/ θ evaluated near to the percolation threshold is a conservative parameter of the three different liquids. These results are useful to design colloidal dispersions with selected microstructure.

关键词： Yield stress Colloid Dispersions Microstructure units Cluster Kaolin Rheology

Toxicity of Mexican native plant extracts against larvae of Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第4期5卷 287-291页

作者： Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Mario alberto Rodríguez-pérez Mariano Norzagaray-Campos CIITEC-IpN Cerrada de Cecati S/N. Col. Santa Catarina Azcapotzalco Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-IpN Blvd. Del Maestro S/N Colonia Narciso Mendoza CIIDIR-IpN-Sinaloa Bulevar Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No 250 Colonia San Joachin. Guasave

Objective: To evaluate five indigenous Mexican plants [Hippocratea excelsa, Hippocratea celastroides, Argemone mexicana(A. mexicana), Tagetes lucida, and pseudosmodingium perniciosum(p. perniciosum)] toxicity against the fourth instar larvae of the dengue primary vector, Aedes aegypti(A. aegypti).Methods: Each plant part was treated successively with hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol to extract potential active components of the plants against the dengue ***: There was a range of toxicity at 24 or 48 h post-exposure for the different plant parts and organic solvent used(LC50 values ranged between 20 and 890 μg/mL). Extracts from seeds of A. mexicana(hexane washing with methanol and acetone) and stem-bark of p. perniciosum(hexane) showed highest toxicity to Ae. aegypti larvae at 48 h post-exposure(LC50 values were80, 50, and 20 μg/mL, respectively), thus making them potential candidates as *** are on-going to characterize the bioactive components of the extracts, through chromatography, for their use as biological tools for the control of the primary dengue ***: A. mexicana and p. perniciosum are good candidates to combat the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti, as they were highly toxic to the larvae.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Dengue Larvicidal activity plant organic extracts

Optimal Feeder Routing in Urban Distribution Networks planning with Layout Constraints and Losses

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第5期8卷 1005-1014页

作者： Alessandro Bosisio alberto Berizzi Edoardo Amaldi Cristian Bovo Xu Andy Sun IEEE Department of Energy Politecnico di MilanoVia La Masa3420165 MilanoItaly Department of Electronics Informationand BioengineeringPolitecnico di MilanoVia Ponzio34/520133 MilanoItaly H.Milton Stewart School Georgia Institute of Technology775 Ferst DriveAtlanta GA 30332USA

We address the problem of optimally re-routing the feeders of urban distribution network in Milano,Italy,which presents some peculiarities and significant design *** has two separate medium-voltage(MV)distribution networks,previously operated by two different utilities,which grew up independently and *** results in a system layout which is inefficient,redundant,and difficult to manage due to different operating *** current utility UNARETI,which is in charge of the overall distribution system,aims at optimally integrating the two MV distribution networks and moving to a new specific layout that offers advantages from the perspectives of reliability and *** present a mixed-integer programming(MIp)approach for the design of a new network configuration satisfying the so-called 2-step ladder layout required by the *** model accounts for the main electrical constraints such as power flow equations,thermal limits of high-voltage(HV)/MV substation transformers,line thermal limits,and the maximum number of customers per *** power losses are taken into account via a quadratic formulation and a piecewise linear *** tests on a small-scale system and on a part of the Milano distribution network are reported.

关键词： Mixed-integer programming(MIp) graph theory power system planning urban distribution network feeder routing optimization

Treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis:When to start,when to change,when to stop?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第7期3卷 545-555页

作者： alberto Gajofatto Maria Donata Benedetti Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences University of Verona Regional Center for Multiple Sclerosis Unit of NeurologyPoliclinico Borgo RomaAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the central nervous system determined by a presumed autoimmune process mainly directed against myelin components but also involving axons and neurons. Acute demyelination shows as clinical relapses that may fully or partially resolve, while chronic demyelination and neuroaxonal injury lead to persistent and irreversible neurological symptoms, often progressing over time. Currently approved disease-modifying therapies are immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive drugs that significantly although variably reduce the frequency of attacks of the relapsing forms of the disease. However, they have limited efficacy in preventing the transition to the progressive phase of MS and are of no benefit after it has started. It is therefore likely that the potential advantage of a given treatment is condensed in a relatively limited window of opportunity for each patient, depending on individual characteristics and disease stage, most frequently but not necessarily in the early phase of the disease. In addition, a sizable proportion of patients with MS may have a very mild clinical course not requiring a disease-modifying therapy. Finally, individual response to existing therapies for MS varies significantly across subjects and the risk of serious adverse events remains an issue, particularly for the newest agents. The present review is aimed at critically describing current treatment strategies for MS with a particular focus on the decision of starting, switching and stopping commercially available immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis Disease-modifying therapy Treatment start Treatment switch Treatment stop Interferon beta Glatiramer acetate Azathioprine Natalizumab Fingolimod