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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Matthew Nagy Bryan Sisk albert lai Eric Kodish Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOhioUSA

The impending rise of artificial intelligence(AI)-powered healthcare offers exciting hope for improved care and outcomes in children with serious illnesses.1 The historical precedent in healthcare,however,suggests that advancements in adult care do not necessarily result in proportional progress in *** disparity was first noted in the mid-20th century when tragedies that involved drugs with well-studied and known adult safety profiles,such as sulfonamide elixir and thalidomide,resulted in harm to children due to limited pediatric clinical trial inclusion.2 As a result,legislation in 1962 required drug companies to include package labels that restricted or dissuaded the use of medications in children that were not properly studied in this population.2 Subsequently,physicians became reluctant to prescribe many medications,and pharmaceutical companies had little incentive to enroll children in trials as an unfavorable result could negatively impact sales in the adult market,and a successful outcome would only marginally increase the market pool.3 This lack of access led *** Shirkey to describe children as"therapeutic orphans"in 1968.2 After more than half a century of legislation aimed at increasing pediatric representation in research and drug development(Figure 1),enrollment of children in clinical trials remains disproportionately low,4 with children included in as few as 12%of trials for diseases with a burden equal to,or greater in,the pediatric versus adult population.

关键词： companies Figure properly

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A NOVEL PHASE CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR INJECTION LOCKED OSCILLATORS

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Journal of Electronics(China) 1995年第4期12卷 374-377页

作者： Kwok-Wai Wong albert K. Y. lai 曾学刚 Department of Electronic Engineering the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180°is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection locked oscillators can theoretically provide a maximum of 360?phase change within the locking range. This is particularly useful for phased array antenna applications.

A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180° is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection locked oscillators can theoretically provide a maximum of 360?phase change within the locking range. This is particularly useful for phased array antenna applications.

关键词： Phase control Locking Oscillators Antenna array

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Phenylketonuria in Hong Kong Chinese： a call for hyperphenylalaninemia newborn screening in the Special Administrative Region, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第16期124卷 2556-2558页

作者： Chloe Miu Mak Chun-hung Ko Ching-wan Lam Wai-ling Lau Wai-kwan Siu Sammy Pak-lam Chen Chun-yiu Law Chi-kong lai Chak-man Yu albert Yan-wo Chan Kowloon West Cluster Laboratory Genetic Service ChemicalPathology Laboratory Department of Pathology Princess MargaretHospital Hong Kong China Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine CaritasMedical Centre Hong Kong China Department of Pathology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine TheUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Hyperphenylalaninemia is one of the commonest inborn errors of metabolism affecting approximately 1 in 15 000 live births. Among Chinese, BH4 deficiency leading to hyperphenylalaninemia is much commoner than in Caucasians. Exact diagnosis is important for the treatment and genetic counseling. In 2000, newborn screening for phenylketonuria is mandatory by law in China throughout the whole country. However, it is not yet included in the newborn screening program of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Published data on hyperphenylalaninemia among Hong Kong Chinese are largely lacking. We report a 1-year-old Hong Kong Chinese girl with severe 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase （PTPS） deficiency. The patient presented with infantile hypotonia and was misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. She had very mild hyperphenylalaninemia （95 IJmol/L）, significantly high phenylalnine-to-tyrosine ratio （3.1）, and ele~,ated prolactin of 1109 m lU/L. Genetic analysis confirmed a homozygous known disease-causing mutation PTS NM_000317.1： c.259C〉T; NP_000308.1： p.P87S in the proband. In our local experience, while the estimated prevalence of hyperphenylalaninemia due to PTPS deficiency was reported to be 1 in 29 542 live births, not a single case of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency has been reported. Furthermore, there is a general lack of awareness of inherited metabolic diseases in the community as well as among the medical professionals. Very often, a low index of clinical suspicion will lead to delay in diagnosis, multiple unnecessary and costly investigations, prolonged morbidity and anxiety to the family affected. We strongly recommend that expanded newborn screening for hyperphenylalaninemia should be implemented for every baby born in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

关键词： Hong Kong Chinese hyperphenylalaninemia newborn screening phenylketonuria 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency

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Analysis of inborn errors of metabolism： disease spectrum for expanded newborn screening in Hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第7期124卷 983-989页

作者： Han-Chih Hencher Lee Chloe Miu Mak Ching-Wan Lam Yuet-Ping Yuen, Angel On-Kei Chan Chi-Chung Shek Tak-Shing Siu Chi-Kong lai Chor-Kwan Ching Wai-Kwan Siu Sammy Pak-Lam Chen Chun-Yiu Law Morris Hok-Leung Tai Sidney Tam albert Yan-Wo Chan Chemical Pathology Laboratory Department of Pathology Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong SAR China Division of Clinical Biochemistry Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR China Department of Pathology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Chemical Pathology Laboratory Department of Pathology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR China

Background Data of classical inborn errors of metabolism （IEM） of amino acids, organic acids and fatty acid oxidation are largely lacking in Hong Kong, where mass spectrometry-based expanded newborn screening for IEM has not been initiated. The current study aimed to evaluate the approximate incidence, spectrum and other characteristics of classical IEM in Hong Kong, which would be important in developing an expanded newborn screening program for the local area.

关键词： biochemical genetics chemical pathology expanded newborn screening Hong Kong," inborn errorsof metabolism tandem mass spectrometry

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基于城市能源系统的碳排放风险评估研究——以湖北荆门市为例

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城市发展研究 2020年第5期27卷 27-31页

作者：赖玉珮李芬彭锐 Vicky albert Seifried 杨世琦深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司中国城市科学研究会德国弗劳恩霍夫研究院太阳能研究所清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院

城市占据了全球总能耗的六成以上,在全球应对气候变化的行动中,城市在减少碳排放、适应气候变化上面临机遇与挑战,特别是在能源系统相关的各个部门。依托常年积累的可追踪官方数据,以案例城市详实的调研数据为基础,通过建立横向、动态... 详细信息

城市占据了全球总能耗的六成以上,在全球应对气候变化的行动中,城市在减少碳排放、适应气候变化上面临机遇与挑战,特别是在能源系统相关的各个部门。依托常年积累的可追踪官方数据,以案例城市详实的调研数据为基础,通过建立横向、动态的对比分析,研究评价案例城市的能源系统与相关部门在一定时间内所面临的碳排放风险,从而针对风险提出可能的适应能力提升建议,为同类型城市提供借鉴。结果发现,案例城市能源系统相关的碳排放有两项高风险指标,主要体现在能源供应结构方面。

关键词：城市能源特征碳排放风险碳减排适应能力荆门市

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Prader-Willi Syndrome:16-Year Experience in Hong Kong

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第4期39卷 191-194页

作者： Ivan F.M. Lo Ho Ming Luk luksite@*** Tony M.F. Tong Kent K.S. lai Daniel H.C. Chan albert C.F. Lam David K.H. Chan Edgar W.L. Hau Connie O.Y. Fung Stephen T.S. Lam Clin Genet Serv Dept Hlth Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

Prader-Willi syndrome （PWS） is an important, well-recognized syndromic form of neurodevelopmental disorder. The incidence is about 1 in 15,000-25,000 live births, and it affects both males and females （Vogels et al... 详细信息

关键词： PWS Prader-Willi Syndrome

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Neuroglobin promotes neurite outgrowth via differential binding to PTEN and Akt

Neuroglobin promotes neurite outgrowth via differential bind...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Li Li Qian-Rong Liu Xiri-Xin Xiong Ju-Mei Liu Xiao-Jing lai Yong Chen Feng Pan Shang-Bin Yu albert Cheung Hoi Yu Xiao-Qian Chen School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases Ministry of EducationHubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Basic Medical Sciences Health Science Center Neuroscience Research Institute Key Laboratory for Neuroscience Ministry of Education KeyLaboratory for Neuroscience Ministry of Public Health Peking University

Neuroglobin,the third mammalian globin with a hexa-coordinated heme,exists predominantly in neurons of *** plays an important role in neuronal death upon ischemia and oxidative *** physiological function of neuroglobin remains ***,we report a novel function of neuroglobin in neurite ***-down neuroglobin exhibited a prominent neurite-deficient phenotype in mouse neuroblastoma N2a *** neuroglobin prevented neurite outgrowth while ectopic expression of neuroglobin but not homologous cytoglobin promoted neurite outgrowth of N2a cells upon serum *** primary cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons,neuroglobin was up-regulated and preferentially distributed in neurites during neuronal *** of neuroglobin but not cytoglobin in cultured cortical neurons promoted axonal outgrowth while knocking-down of neuroglobin retarded axonal *** overexpression suppressed phosphatase and tensin homolog（PTEN） but increased Akt phosphorylation during neurite *** fluorescence complementation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed mat neuroglobin and various mutants（E53Q,E118Q,K119N,H64A,H64L,Y44D） bound with Akt and PTEN *** E53Q mutant showed a prominent reduced PTEN-binding but increased Akt-binding,resulting in decreased p-PTEN,increased p-Akt and increased neurite *** together,we demonstrate a critical role of neuroglobin in neuritogenesis or development via interacting with PTEN and Akt differentially to activate PI3K/Akt pathway,providing potential therapeutic applications of neuroglobin for axonopathy in neurological diseases.

关键词： Ngb neuron axon regeneration PI3K/Akt

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自旋极化的电流——2007年度诺贝尔物理学奖评述

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物理 2007年第12期36卷 897-903页

作者：赖武彦中国科学院物理研究所北京100080

2007年诺贝尔物理学奖授予法国物理学家阿尔贝.费尔(albert Fert)和德国物理学家彼得.格伦贝格(Peter Grünberg),以表彰他们发现了巨磁电阻(giant magnetoresistance,GMR)效应.这是在铁磁和非磁薄膜交替组成的人工超晶格中观察到的.GM... 详细信息

2007年诺贝尔物理学奖授予法国物理学家阿尔贝.费尔(albert Fert)和德国物理学家彼得.格伦贝格(Peter Grünberg),以表彰他们发现了巨磁电阻(giant magnetoresistance,GMR)效应.这是在铁磁和非磁薄膜交替组成的人工超晶格中观察到的.GMR现象起源于载流子自旋与材料磁性的相互作用.该效应的应用革新了硬盘中读取数据的技术,使硬盘技术在过去十年得到飞速发展;另一方面,GMR效应的发现是新的自旋电子学的开端.通过电子自旋的量子效应,人们可以期待更多的发现和创新技术.

关键词：巨磁电阻硬盘自旋极化电流隧穿磁电阻自旋电子学

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STYLE NOTEBOOK

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明日风尚 2009年第2期 74-76页

作者： Jacqueline Yiu Nicola lai Connie Tse Kiki Feng Chris Zhang 陈铭恒 Victoria & albert博物馆

Tom Ford’s Limited Edition Pavlos Aviators 02早前为007电影系列《Quantum of Solace》中的Daniel Craig设计了一副名为"James Bond TF 108"金属太阳眼镜后,Tom Ford最近又特别设计了两款全球限量1,000套的木制太阳眼镜。

关键词： Jimmy STYLE NOTEBOOK 桑托斯宁才鼎足而立专门店翘首期盼艺术总监双梁

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基于度的正/负相关相依网络模型及其鲁棒性研究

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物理学报 2015年第4期64卷 359-369页

作者：陈世明吕辉徐青刚许云飞赖强华东交通大学电气与电子工程学院南昌330013

利用典型的Barabási-albert无标度网络构建了基于度的正/负相关相依网络模型,该模型考虑子网络间的相依方式及相依程度,主要定义了两个参数F和K,F表示相依节点比例,K表示相依冗余度.在随机攻击及基于度的蓄意攻击模式下,针对网络的级... 详细信息

利用典型的Barabási-albert无标度网络构建了基于度的正/负相关相依网络模型,该模型考虑子网络间的相依方式及相依程度,主要定义了两个参数F和K,F表示相依节点比例,K表示相依冗余度.在随机攻击及基于度的蓄意攻击模式下,针对网络的级联失效问题,研究了不同的F值和K值对该相依网络模型鲁棒性的影响,与随机相依网络模型进行了对比研究.仿真结果表明:无论是随机相依或是基于度的正/负相关相依网络,其鲁棒性都是随着F的增大而减弱,随着K的增大而增强;在随机攻击下,全相依模式(F=1)时,基于度正相关相依网络模型鲁棒性最优,部分相依模式(F=0.2,0.5,0.8)时,基于度的负相关相依网络模型则表现出更好的鲁棒性.而在基于度的蓄意攻击下,无论F为何值,基于度的正相关相依网络模型表现出弱鲁棒性.

关键词：相依网络相依程度鲁棒性级联失效

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