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Immunostimulation in the era of the metagenome

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 213-225页

作者： Amy D proal paul j albert Greg p Blaney Inge A Lindseth Chris Benediktsson Trevor G Marshall Murdoch University PerthWAAustralia Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNYUSA Stillpoint Centre VancouverBCCanada 4M-Klinikken OsloNorway Autoimmunity Research Foundation Thousand OaksCAUSA

Microbes are increasingly being implicated in autoimmune *** calls for a re-evaluation of how these chronic inflammatory illnesses are routinely *** standard of care for autoimmune disease remains the use of medications that slow the immune response,while treatments aimed at eradicating microbes seek the exact opposite-stimulation of the innate immune *** is complicated by a cascade of sequelae,including exacerbated inflammation,which occurs in response to microbial *** the past 8 years,we have collaborated with American and international clinical professionals to research a model-based treatment for inflammatory *** intervention,designed to stimulate the innate immune response,has required a reevaluation of disease progression and *** is the inherent conflict between palliation and microbicidal *** microbicidal activity was experienced as immunopathology-a temporary worsening of *** studies are needed,but they will require careful planning to manage this immunopathology.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides autoimmune disease immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome immunopathology innate immunity metagenomics

Development of fatal acute liver failure in hIV-hBV coinfected patients

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4107-4111页

作者： albert M Anderson Marina B Mosunjac Melody p palmore Melissa K Osborn Andrew j Muir Emory University School of Medicine Grady Health System Infectious Diseases Program341 Ponce de Leon AvenueAtlantaGA 30308United States Duke University School of Medicine DUMC 3913DurhamNorth CarolinaCA 27710United States

Coinfection with hepatitis B virus(hBV) is not uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus(hIV)-infected individuals and patients with hIV-hBV coinfection are at high risk for progression of liver *** guidelines regarding the treatment of hIV infection recommend that patients who are coinfected with hIV and hBV receive highly active antiretroviral therapy(hAART) with activity against hepatitis *** hIVhBV coinfected patients often experience liver enzyme elevations after starting antiretroviral therapy,acute liver failure(ALF) is rare and typically occurs with older antiretroviral agents with known potential for *** describe two cases of fatal ALF in the setting of hIV-hBV coinfection after initiation of *** cases occurred despite treatment with antiretrovirals that have activity against hBV and highlight the challenges in distinguishing drug hepatotoxicity and hBV immune reconstitution inflammatory ***-hBV coinfected patients should be monitored closely when initiating hAART,even when treatment includes agents that have activity against hBV.

关键词： hepatitis B virus human immunodeficiency virus Liver failure

Spike in phytoplankton biomass in Greenland Sea during 2009 and the correlations among chlorophyll-a,aerosol optical depth and ice cover

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Chinese journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 241-254页

作者：瞿波 albert j. GABRIC 路海浪林道荣 School of Science Nantong University School of Environment Griffith University

The distributions and correlations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a),aerosol optical depth(AOD)and ice cover in the southeast Arctic Ocean-Greenland Sea(10°W–10°E,70°–80°N)between 2003 and 2009 were studied using satellite data and statistical *** analysis showed correlations between Chl-a and AOD,Chl-a and ice cover,and AOD and ice cover with different time *** time lag of Chl-a and AOD indicated their long-term equilibrium *** in AOD and Chl-a and generally occurred in May and july,*** the time lag,the correlation between Chl-a and AOD in the study region was as high as *** peak gap between Chl-a and AOD shifted for about 6 weeks during 2003–*** the summer and autumn of 2009,Chl-a and AOD levels were much higher than during the other years,especially in the northern band of the study region(75°–80°N).The driving forces for this localized increase in phytoplankton biomass could be mainly attributed to the very high rate of ice melting in spring and early summer and the high wind speed in autumn,together with the increased deposition of aerosol throughout the *** unusually high AOD in the spring of 2003 was mainly due to a massive fi re in Russia,which occurred in the fi rst half of the *** the 7 years of the study,the sea surface temperature generally *** may have been due to the release of dimethylsulfi de into the air,excreted in large amounts from abundant phytoplankton biomass,and its subsequent reaction,form large amounts of aerosol,and resulting in regional cooling.

关键词： phytoplankton biomass aerosol optical depth (AOD) ice cover wind speed Arctic Ocean

Cloning and characterization of a FLORICAULA/LEAFY ortholog, pFL, in polygamous papaya

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Cell Research 2005年第8期15卷 576-584页

作者： paul h. MOORE,henrik h. albert,Adrienne h.K. ROADER,Ray MING USDA-ARS pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Aiea hI 96701 USA USDA-ARS pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Aiea hI 96701 USA Section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California San Diego La jolla CA 92093 USA hawaii Agriculture Research Center Aiea hI 96701 USA

The homologous genes FLORICAULA (FLO) in Antirrhinum and LEAFY (LFY) in Arabidopsis are known to regu- late the initiation of flowering in these two distantly related plant species. These genes are necessary also for the expression of downstream genes that control floral organ identity. We used Arabidopsis LFY cDNA as a probe to clone and sequence a papaya ortholog of LFY, pFL. It encodes a protein that shares 61% identity with the Arabidopsis LFY gene and 71% identity with the LFY homologs of the two woody tree species: California sycamore (platanus racemosa) and black cottonwood (populus trichocarpa). Despite the high sequence similarity within two conserved regions, the N-terminal proline-rich motif in papaya pFL differs from other members in the family. This difference may not affect the gene function of papaya pFL, since an equally divergent but a functional LFY ortholog NEEDLY of pinus radiata has been reported. Genomic and BAC Southern analyses indicated that there is only one copy of pFL in the papaya genome. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that pFL is expressed at a relatively low level in leaf primordia, but it is expressed at a high level in the floral meristem. Quantitative pCR analyses revealed that pFL was expressed in flower buds of all three sex types - male, female, and hermaphrodite with marginal difference between hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers. These data suggest that pFL may play a similar role as LFY in flower development and has limited effect on sex differentiation in papaya.

关键词： divergence floral meristem identity gene flower development gene expression molecular phylogeny.

Simulated perturbation in the sea-to-air flux of dimethylsulfi de and the impact on polar climate

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journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 110-121页

作者： Bo QU albert jGABRIC Rebecca jACKSON School of Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226219China School of Environment and Science Griffi th UniversityBrisbane 4111QLDAustralia

Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfi de(DMS)has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to aff ect climate,especially in the polar *** used a global climate model(GCM)to investigate the impact on atmospheric chemistry from a change to the contemporary DMS fl ux to that which has been projected for the late 21 st *** perturbed simulation corresponded to conditions that pertained to a tripling of equivalent CO 2,which was estimated to occur by year 2090 based on current worst-case greenhouse gas emission *** changes in zonal mean DMS fl ux were applied to 50°S–70°S Antarctic(ANT)and 65°N–80°N Arctic(ARC)*** results indicate that there are clearly diff erent impacts after perturbation in the southern and northern polar *** quantities related to the sulfur cycle show a higher increase in ***,most sulfur compounds have higher peaks in *** perturbation in DMS fl ux leads to an increase of atmospheric DMS of about 45%in ANT and 33.6%in *** sulfur dioxide(SO 2)vertical integral increases around 43%in ANT and 7.5%in ***(SO 4)vertical integral increases by 17%in ANT and increases around 6%in *** emissions increases by 21%in ANT and increases by 9.7%in ***,oxidation of DMS by Oh increases by 38.2%in ARC and by 15.17%in *** optical depth(AOD)increases by 4%in the ARC and by 17.5%in the ANT,and increases by 22.8%in austral *** importance of the perturbation of the biogenic source to future aerosol burden in polar regions leads to a cooling in surface temperature of 1 K in the ANT and 0.8 K in the ***,polar regions in the Antarctic Ocean will have a higher off setting eff ect on warming after DMS fl ux perturbation.

关键词： dimethylsulfi de(DMS) sulfur dioxide DMS sea-to-air fl ux perturbation global climate model(GCM) polar region

Almost Global Strong Solutions to Quasilinear Dissipative Evolution Equations

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2009年第1期30卷 91-110页

作者： albert MILANI Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

The author proves a global existence result for strong solutions to the quasilinear dissipative hyperbolic equation (1.1) below, corresponding to initial values and source terms of arbitrary size, provided that the hyperbolicity parameter ε is sufficiently small. This implies a corresponding global existence result for the reduced quasilinear parabolic equation (1.4) below.

关键词： Quasilinear evolution equation A priori estimates Global existence Small parameter

Biodegradation of alkylates under less agitated aquifer conditions

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1529-1538页

作者： jay j. Cho Makram T. Suidan albert D. Venosa URS Corporation 7720N 16th St. Ste 100 phoenix AZ 85020 USA Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Dean's officeP.O.Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh 1107 2020 Beirut Lebanon US Environmental protection Agency National Risk Management Research LaboratoryCincinnati OH 45268 USA

The biodegradability of three alkylates （2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane） under less agitated aquifer conditions was investigated in this study. All three alkylates biodegraded completely under these conditions regardless of the presence or absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes （BTEX） in the feed. In the presence of ethanol, alkylates degradation was not inhibited by ethanol. however, alkylates degraded more slowly in the presence of BTEX suggesting competitive inhibition to microbial utilization of alkylates. In the sterile controls, alkylates concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experiments.

关键词： biodegradation alkylates inhibition BTEX ethanol

Colon capsule endoscopy: Current status and future directions

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16596-16602页

作者： Andrea O Tal johannes Vermehren j?rg G albert Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Frankfurt

Colon capsule endoscopy(CCE; pill Cam Colon; Given Imaging; Yoqneam, Israel) is a minimally invasive wireless technique for the visualization of the colon. With the recent introduction of the second generation colon capsule the diagnostic accuracy of CCE for polyp detection has significantly improved and preliminary data suggest it may be useful to monitor mucosal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Limitations include the inability to take biopsies and the procedural costs. however, given the potentially higher acceptance within an average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening population, its usefulness as a screening tool with regard to CRC prevention should be further evaluated.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Endoscopy Colon capsule endoscopy Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Colon Colonic capsule endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease

Assessing risks and uncertainties in forest dynamics under different management scenarios and climate change

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 169-189页

作者： Matthias albert jan hansen jürgen Nagel Matthias Schmidt hermann Spellmann Northwest German Forest Research Station

Background: Forest management faces a climate induced shift in growth potential and increasing current and emerging new risks. Vulnerability analysis provides decision support based on projections of natural resources taking risks and uncertainties into account. In this paper we(1) characterize differences in forest dynamics under three management scenarios,(2) analyse the effects of the three scenarios on two risk factors, windthrow and drought stress, and(3) quantify the effects and the amount of uncertainty arising from climate projections on height increment and drought ***: In four regions in northern Germany, we apply three contrasting management scenarios and project forest development under climate change until 2070. Three climate runs(minimum, median, maximum) based on the emission scenario RCp 8.5 control the site-sensitive forest growth functions. The minimum and maximum climate run define the range of prospective climate ***: The projections of different management regimes until 2070 show the diverging medium-term effects of thinnings and harvests and long-term effects of species conversion on a regional scale. Examples of windthrow vulnerability and drought stress reveal how adaptation measures depend on the applied management path and the decision-maker’s risk attitude. Uncertainty analysis shows the increasing variability of drought risk projections with time. The effect of climate projections on height growth are quantified and uncertainty analysis reveals that height growth of young trees is dominated by the age-trend whereas the climate signal in height increment of older trees is ***: Drought risk is a serious issue in the eastern regions independent of the applied silvicultural scenario,but adaptation measures are limited as the proportion of the most drought tolerant species Scots pine is already high. Windthrow risk is no serious overall threat in any region, but adequate counter-measures such as spec

关键词： Climate change Silvicultural management strategies