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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Matthew Nagy.Bry.n Sisk.albert lai Eric k.dish Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Hematology.Oncology.and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOhioUSA

The impending rise of artificial intelligence(AI)-powered healthcare offers exciting hope for improved care and outcomes in children with serious illnesses.1 The historical precedent in healthcare,however,suggests that advancements in adult care do not necessarily.result in proportional progress in *** disparity.was first noted in the mid-20th century.when tragedies that involved drugs with well-studied and k.own adult safety.profiles,such as sulfonamide elixir and thalidomide,resulted in harm to children due to limited pediatric clinical trial inclusion.2 As a result,legislation in 1962 required drug companies to include pack.ge labels that restricted or dissuaded the use of medications in children that were not properly.studied in this population.2 Subsequently.phy.icians became reluctant to prescribe many.medications,and pharmaceutical companies had little incentive to enroll children in trials as an unfavorable result could negatively.impact sales in the adult mark.t,and a successful outcome would only.marginally.increase the mark.t pool.3 This lack.of access led *** Shirk.y.to describe children as"therapeutic orphans"in 1968.2 After more than half a century.of legislation aimed at increasing pediatric representation in research and drug development(Figure 1),enrollment of children in clinical trials remains disproportionately.low,4 with children included in as few as 12%of trials for diseases with a burden equal to,or greater in,the pediatric versus adult population.

关键词： companies Figure properly

Game Theory.based Optimal Defensive Resources Allocation with Incomplete Information in Cy.er-phy.ical Power Sy.tems against False Data Injection Attack.

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Sy.tems 2024年第2期9卷 115-127页

作者： Bingjing y.n Zhenze Jiang Pengchao y.o Qiang y.ng Wei Li albert y.Zomay. College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Information Technologies at The University.of Sy.ney School of Information Technologies

Modern power grid is fast emerging as a complex cy.er-phy.ical power sy.tem(CPPS)integrating phy.ical current-carry.ng components and processes with cy.er-embedded computing,which faces increasing cy.berspace security.threats and *** this paper,the state(i.e.,voltage)offsets resulting from false data injection(FDI)attack. and the bus safety.characterization are applied to quantify.the attack.*** state offsets are obtained by.the state estimation method,and the bus safety.characterization considers the power net-work.topology.as well as the vulnerability.and connection relationship of *** the indeterminacy.of attack.r’s resource consumption and reward,a zero-sum game-theoretical model from the defender’s perspective with incomplete information is explored for the optimal allocation of limited defensive *** attack.r aims to falsify.measurements without triggering threshold alarms to break.through the protection,leading to load shedding,over-voltage or *** defender attempts to ensure the estimation results to be as close to the actual states as possible,and guarantee the sy.tem’s safety.and efficient defensive resource *** proposed solution is extensively.evaluated through simu-lations using the IEEE 33-bus test network.and real-time digital simulator(RTDS)based testbed experiments of the IEEE 14-bus *** results demonstrate the effec-tiveness of the proposed game-theoretical approach for optimal defensive resource allocation in CPPS when lim-ited resources are available when under FDI *** Terms—Optimal strategy.game theory.Nash equilibrium,CPPS,FDI attack.

关键词： Optimal strategy game theory Nash equilibrium CPPS FDI attack

Recent innovations in laser additive manufacturing of titanium alloy.

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 2-37页

作者： Jinlong Su Fulin Jiang Jie Teng Lequn Chen Ming y.n Guillermo Requena lai-Chang Zhang y.Morris Wang Ily. V Ok.lov Hongmei Zhu Chaolin Tan College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology.SIM Tech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)5 Cleantech LoopSingapore 636732Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Institute of Materials Research German Aerospace Center(DLR)Linder Höhe51147 CologneGermany Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Edith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalupPerthWestern Australia 6027Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 900095United States of America Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering-IWT Badgasteiner Str.328359 BremenGermany Faculty.of Production Engineering University of BremenBadgasteiner Str.128359 BremenGermany k.y.Laboratory.of Hunan Province of Equipment Safety.Service Technology.under Extreme Environment University of South ChinaHengyangPeople’s Republic of China RWTH Aachen University Metallic Structures and Materials Systems for Aerospace EngineeringD-52062 AachenGermany

Titanium(Ti)alloy. are widely.used in high-tech fields lik. aerospace and biomedical *** additive manufacturing(LAM),as an innovative technology.is the k.y.driver for the development of Ti *** the significant advancements in LAM of Ti alloy.,there remain challenges that need further research and development *** recap the potential of LAM high-performance Ti alloy.this article sy.tematically.reviews LAM Ti alloy. with up-to-date information on process,materials,and *** feasible solutions to advance LAM Ti alloy. are reviewed,including intelligent process parameters optimization,LAM process innovation with auxiliary.fields and novel Ti alloy. customization for *** auxiliary.energy.fields(***,acoustic,mechanical deformation and magnetic fields)can affect the melt pool dy.amics and solidification behaviour during LAM of Ti alloy.,altering microstructures and mechanical *** k.nds of novel Ti alloy. customized for LAM,lik. peritecticα-Ti,eutectoid(α+β)-Ti,hy.rid(α+β)-Ti,isomorphousβ-Ti and eutecticβ-Ti alloy. are reviewed in ***,machine learning in accelerating the LAM process optimization and new materials development is also *** review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmark. the research achievements in LAM of Ti *** addition,the perspectives and further trends in LAM of Ti alloy. are also highlighted.

关键词： additive manufacturing titanium alloy. auxiliary.field machine learning aerospace materials lightweight materials novel alloy.

Spherical Bi_(2)O_(3)/ATO cataly.t with N_(2)pre-reduction electrocataly.ic reduction of CO_(2)to formic acid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 331-340页

作者： Juny.ng y. y.li Chen Dongze lai Bihong Lv Xiaomin Wu Guohua Jing Department of Environmental Science&Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamenFujian 361021China

To achieve carbon neutrality.the Chinese government needs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and drivers of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,particularly.at the county.*** County.in eastern China is a ty.ical example of an industrial transformation from quarry.ng to a low-carbon *** study.analy.ed the decoupling ty.es and structural characteristics of GHG emissions and the driving factors of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions in the Anji from 2006 to 2019,and explored the differences between county.evel and provincial-level or city.level *** was observed that energy.related activities are the main source of GHG emissions in Anji and that economic development is the driving factor behind the increasing CO_(2)***,industrial transformation and upgradation coupled with the alternative use of clean energy.limit the growth of GHG *** study.details the GHG emissions of county.during the industrial transformation stage and provides corresponding policy.recommendations for county.governments.

关键词： N_(2)prereduction CO_(2)electroreduction Bi_(2)O_(3)/ATO cataly.t Formate

Finite barrier bound state

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 664-671页

作者： Tao Liu k.i Bai y.cheng Zhang Duanduan Wan y.n lai C.T.Chan Meng Xiao k.y.Laboratory.of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structures of Ministry.of Education and School of Phy.ics and Technology Wuhan University430072 WuhanChina. National Laboratory.of Solid State Microstructures School of Physicsand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University210093 NanjingChina. Department of Phy.ics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloon999077Hong KongChina. Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology 430206 WuhanChina

A boundary.mode localized on one side of a finite-size lattice can tunnel to the opposite side which results in unwanted *** wisdom tells that the tunneling probability.decay. exponentially.with the size of the sy.tem which thus requires many.lattice sites before eventually.becoming negligibly.*** we show that the tunneling probability.for some boundary.modes can apparently.vanish at specific ***,similar to bound states in the continuum,a boundary.mode can be completely.trapped within very.few lattice sites where the bulk.bandgap is not even *** intriguingly.the number of trapped states equals the number of lattice sites along the normal direction of the *** provide two configurations and validate the existence of this peculiar finite barrier-bound state experimentally.in a dielectric photonic cry.tal at microwave *** work.offers extreme flexibility.in tuning the coupling between localized states and channels as well as a new mechanism that facilitates unprecedented manipulation of light.

关键词： boundary state eventually

Surface decoration of mesocarbon microbeads with multifunctional TiNbO_(4-x)@C coating lay.r as high rate and stable anode of Li-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2053-2066页

作者： Jia-Mei lai Zhi-Min Zou y. Bai y.-Tao Xing Chun-Hai Jiang Fujian Provincial k.y.Laboratory.of Functional Materials and Applications Institute of Advanced Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXiamen University of TechnologyXiamen 361024China Shanghai XFH Science and Technology.Development Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200949China Fujian XFH New Energy.Materials Co. Ltd.Yong'an 366000China Shenzhen XFH Science and Technology.Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518071China Laboratorio de Microscopia Eletronica de Alta Resolucao Centro de Caracterizagao Avangada Para a Industria de Petroleo(LaMAR/CAIPE)Universidade Federal FluminenseNiteroiRJ 24210-346Brazil

Surface modification of graphite anode with electroactive matters has been proven of a more practical strategy.in enhancing the performance of Li-ion batteries than exploring alternative novel anode ***,rutile TiNbO_(4-x) nanoparticles with a tunnel structure are employ.d as multifunctional decoration substances in combination with a carbon coating lay.r to improve the rate and cy.le properties of mesocarbon microbeads(MCMBs).As compared to pristine MCMB,the Li^(+)diffusion coefficients of the composite anodes are enhanced due to the sy.ergistic effect of TiNbO_(4-x)@***,the overcharge and voltage polarization of the composite anodes at high rate are obviously.minimized due to the current sharing effect of the high-potential TiNbO_(4-x).Moreover,the amorphous Li_(y.TiNbO_(4-x) converted from TiNbO_(4-x) in the initial lithiation process can deliver pseudocapacitive capacity.to the composite anodes from the second *** of these functions of TiNbO_(4-x)@Ccoating lay.r have directly.contributed to the improved rate and cy.le performance of the MCMB/TiNbO_(4-x)@C composite *** one containing 12.0 wt%TiNbO_(4-x) exhibits a high reversible specific capacity.of 118 m Ah·g^(-1)at 10C(1C=372 m A·g^(-1)),together with a high capacity.retention of 90.9%after 300 cy.les at 3C,which are all much superior to those of pristine MCMB.

关键词： Li-ion batteries MCMB TiNbO_(4-x)@C Surface decoration Rate capability

Effect of cry.tal morphology.of ultrahigh-nick.l cathode materials on high temperature electrochemical stability.of lithium ion batteries

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Journal of Energy.Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 327-335,I0008页

作者： Bi Luo Hui Li Haoy. Qi y.n Liu Chuanbo Zheng Weitong Du Jiafeng Zhang lai Chen School of Metallurgy.Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhangjiagang 215600JiangsuChina National Engineering Laboratory.for High-Efficiency.Recovery.of Refractory.Nonferrous Metals School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Higher nick.l content endows Ni-rich cathode materials LiNi_(x)Co_y.n_(1-x-y.O_(2)(x>0.6)with higher specific capacity.and high energy.density.which is regarded as the most promising cathode materials for Li-ion ***,the deterioration of structural stability.hinders its practical application,especially.under harsh work.ng conditions such as high-temperature *** these circumstances,it becomes particularly.critical to clarify.the impact of the cry.tal morphology.on the structure and high-temperature performance as for the ultrahigh-nick.l ***,we conducted a comprehensive comparison in terms of microstructure,high-temperature long-cy.le phase evolution,and high-temperature electrochemical stability.revealing the differences and the work.ng mechanisms among poly.ry.talline(PC),single-cry.talline(SC)and Al doped SC ultrahigh-nick.l *** results show that the PC sample suffers a severe irreversible phase transition along with the appearance of microcrack.,resulting a serious decay.of both average voltage and the energy.*** the Al doped SC sample exhibits superior cy.ling stability.with intact lay.red ***-situ XRD and intraparticle structural evolution characterization reveal that Al doping can significantly.alleviate the irreversible phase transition,thus inhibiting microcrack. generation and enabling enhanced ***,it exhibits excellent cy.ling performance in pouch-ty.e full-cell with a high capacity.retention of 91.8%after 500 cy.les at 55℃.This work.promotes the fundamental understanding on the correlation between the cry.talline morphology.and high-temperature electrochemical stability.and provides a guide for optimization the Ni-rich cathode materials.

关键词： Single-cry.talline Ultrahigh-nick.l cathode High-temperature performance Phase evolution

A novel mechanism of PHB2-mediated mitophagy.participating in the development of Park.nson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1828-1834页

作者： y.ngjiang Zhang Shiy. y.n Run Song Xiaoy. lai Mengmeng Shen Jiannan Wu Junqiang y.n k.y.Laboratory.of Neuromolecular Biology The First Affiliated HospitalCollege of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalCollege of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan ProvinceChina

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dy.function play.important roles in Park.nson s disease,but the regulato ry.mechanism remains ***-2(PHB2)is a newly.discove red autophagy.receptor in the mitochondrial inner membrane,and its role in Park.nson’s disease remains *** k.nase R(Pk.)-lik. endoplasmic reticulum k.nase(PERk.is a factor that regulates cell fate during endoplasmic reticulum *** is regulated by.PERk.and is a target of the unfolded protein *** is unclear whether PERk.regulates PHB2-mediated mitophagy.thro ugh *** this study.we established a 1-methy.-4-pheny.-1,2,3,6-tetrahy.ropy.idine(MPTP)-induced mouse model of Park.nson’s *** used adeno-associated virus to k.ock.own PHB2 *** res ults showed that loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits were aggravated in the MPTP-induced mouse model of Park.nson’s *** rexpression of PHB2 inhibited these *** also established a 1-methy.-4-pheny.py.idine(MPP+)-induced SH-Sy.y.cell model of Park.nson’s *** found that ove rexpression of Park.n increased co-localization of PHB2 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,and promoted *** addition,MPP+regulated Park.n involvement in PHB2-mediated mitophagy.through phosphory.ation of *** findings suggest that PHB2 participates in the development of Park.nson’s disease by.intera cting with endoplasmic reticulum stress and Park.n.

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum dopaminergic neuron microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 mitophagy oxidative stress Park.n Park.nson’s disease Pk.-lik. endoplasmic reticulum k.nase reactive oxy.en species prohibitin-2

Prognostic Nutritional Index Associates with the Severity.of Silicosis:A Study.from a Tertiary.Class A Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 122-126页

作者： HE La Gu LIANG y.n lai y.NG Lu Qi y.AN Hua Min Medical laboratory.Department Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational DiseasesChangsha 410000HunanChina Laboratory.Medicine Department Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410013HunanChina

Pneumoconiosis is a group of heterogeneous fibrotic lung diseases caused by.inorganic mineral dust and includes coal work.rs’pneumoconiosis and *** involves diffuse or nodular interstitial pulmonary.fibrosis caused by.exposure to asbestos or silica *** is thought to have the highest number of silicosis cases,with 6,000 new cases reported annually.([1]).Currently.the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis relies mainly.on a history.of occupational exposure and radiological abnormalities^([2]).Therefore,determining further indicators is crucial to reflect the severity.of silicosis.

关键词： diagnosis lung diseases