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A New Model for a New Central Purchasing Unit for Health Products to Support Reaching the Objectives of a Lasting Development and Facing Sanitary Crisis

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第10期6卷 940-943页

作者： alassane ba Karl HOUNMENOU PharmD MHE Director of the CHMP Humanitarian Center of Pharmaceutical Practices Clermont-Ferrand 63000 France Pharm D MPH Head of Pharmaceutical Expertise and Training in CHMP Humanitarian Center of Pharmaceutical Practices Clermont-Ferrand 63000 France

Medicines are a global, strategic and diplomatic issue [1]. The UN General Secretary’s High Level Task Force [2] on Access to Medicines calls for a new approach to reduce the gap between medical innovations and access to medicines. Inequality in access to quality pharmaceutical products in a framework of global health democracy poses a threat to the ethical and equitable management of the provision of quality health care, particularly during global health crises. In French-speaking Africa, the lack of a unified production of pharmaceutical medicines forces wholesalers （public and private） to import almost all of their medicine demands resulting in a risk of dependence and major pharmaceutical quality defects. These central purchasing units are therefore often faced with the major challenge of guaranteeing the performance of their services and the security of their supplies. In order to achieve component 3 （“Access to Health”） of the SDOs （sustainable development goals）, in particular the access to affordable medicines, it is essential for a country to have a strategy of pharmaceutical independence [3] by anticipating the epidemiological transition and the management of health crises. This strategy of pharmaceutical independence is based in the short and medium term on the strengthening of central purchasing units and the establishment of a public-private partnership between central purchasing units and wholesalers, and in the long term on the establishment of competitive production units that comply with international standards. However, recent health crises have shown the fragility of public central purchasing units and make it difficult to anticipate health crises.

关键词： Medicines central purchasing unit access pharmaceutical products.

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GNSS Technology’s Contribution to Topography: Evaluative Study of Gaps between Methods Topographies

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第3期13卷 340-352页

作者： Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Ly Joseph Mbagnick Louis Diene Diogoye Diouf alassane ba Unité de Formation et de Recherches-Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université Iba Der THIAM of Thiès Thiès Sénégal Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

New information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of new techniques in our daily lives. Indeed, in topography, a lightning development of new techniques and new devices has been noticed. This development has given rise to a multitude of choices of devices and various classes of precision. This implies that the decision-makers have to study the adequate equipment and the appropriate technique according to the topographic task to be realized. The objective is not to compare GNSS and topographic techniques, but to point out the contribution of the Global Navigation Satelite System (GNSS) techniques of topographic work. Thus, a theoretical study with a critical eye on the scientific principle of calculating the third topographic dimension followed by a leveling campaign, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveys will be used in order to be able to compare and interpret the result from these campaigns. The study of the difference resulting from the practical campaigns will allow us to identify the contribution of GNSS technology.

关键词： Topography GNSS Technic Accuracy Contribution

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One-Dimensional Study of Thermal Behavior of Typha Panel: Spectroscopy Characterization of Heat Exchange Coefficient on Front Face

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2020年第2期10卷 52-61页

作者： Sokhna Khadidiatou Ben Thiam alassane ba Mamadou babacar Ndiaye Issa Diagne Youssou Traore Seydou Faye Cheikh Thiam Pape Touty Traore Ablaye Fame Gregoire Sissoko Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès (EPT) Thiès Senegal University Institute of Technology University of Thiès Thiès Senegal Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Convective heat transfer coefficients, materializing exchanges between solid wall (here typha) and its environment, influence its behavior under excitation pulse. Temperature of wall and its density of flow vary with these coefficients according to its thickness (in depth). This study therefore focuses on the evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient on front face and the optimal insulation thickness.

关键词： Typha Heat Transfer Coefficients Spectroscopy Optimal Insulation Thickness

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Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment on Senegalese Black Population

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第3期13卷 327-332页

作者： Aïssatou Aw El Hadji Malick Sy Aly Mbara Ka Jean Pierre Diagne Soda Mbaye alassane ba Hawo Madina Diallo Audrey Samra Papa Amadou Ndiaye Ophthalmology Department of Abass NDAO Hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children is particular by its severity and challenging treatment. Purpose: To describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Method: We retrospectively included files of pediatric patients (aged 0 to 15 years), clinically diagnosed with rhematogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between January 2015 and June 2019. The ophthalmological examination was as complete as the age of the patients allowed and a pediatric examination was systematically performed in all children. The data has been processed with Excel 2016 software. Results: 16 eyes of 11 patients were included. The hospital frequency of RRD was 3.37%, with a sex ratio of 1.75 and a mean age of 11.9 years. The average consultation time was 2 months. Contusive eye trauma was reported in 31.25% and myopia in 18.75%. The visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/400. The RRD was total in 81.25% and retinal lesions were found in 43.75%, including 25% atrophic holes and tears with lattice degeneration, 12.5% temporal retinal dialysis and one giant tear. Stage B of Proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found in 18.75% and stage C in 56.25%. Scleral buckling was performed in 37.5% and 23G pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil in 18.75%. The mean duration of follow-up was 24.6 months with anatomical success in 77.7% correlated with functional recovery in 55.5%. The RRD was persistent in one case and a recurrent RRD under silicone was observed in one eye. Two children underwent cataract surgery secondary to vitrectomy, and one case of ocular hypertonia under silicone was noted. Conclusion: Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a severe disease, with essentially traumatic etiology in older children. Delayed diagnosis is a factor in poor prognosis.

关键词： Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Trauma Myopia

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Management of Exotropia Associated with Hyperopia in Children

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第4期14卷 405-411页

作者： alassane ba Aly Mbara Ka El Hadji Malick Sy Aïssatou Aw Jean Pierre Diagne Soda Mbaye Serigne Souhaibou Gaye Ousmane Ndiaga Senghor Hawo Madina Diallo Audrey Samra Papa Amadou Ndiaye Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: exotropia is a deviation outside the visual axes. In children, an association with ametropia is often observed, however, that with hyperopia is rare. The objective of this study was to highlight the particularities of the management of exotropia associated with hyperopia in children. Subjects and Methods: this was a retrospective study over 78 months including all children aged 0 to 15 years, treated for exotropia associated with hyperopia. Results: we found 20 cases of exotropia with hyperopia, or 57.15% of exotropia. The mean age was 4.3 years and the sex ratio was 0.82. Hyperopia was mild in 30 eyes (75%), moderate in 9 eyes (22.5%) and high in 2.5% of eyes. Over a one-year follow-up, 10 children (50%) had regular follow-up, including 6 with full hyperopic correction and 4 with partial hyperopic correction. After full hyperopic correction, one child had a resolution of his exotropia;2 had a decrease in the angle of deviation and 3 had no improvement of their exotropia. Among the 4 with partial hyperopic correction children, 2 had a resolution of their exotropia. Strabismus surgery was planned in 3 children after iso-acuity. Conclusion: the association of exotropia and hyperopia poses a management problem. The total correction or not of hyperopia is discussed according to several authors.

关键词： Exotropia Hyperopia Spectacle Correction

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Late Diagnosis of Congenital Optic Disc Abnormalities

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 229-235页

作者： Aïssatou Aw Soda Mbaye Jean Pierre Diagne Sy El Hadji Malick alassane ba Aly Mbara Ka Serigne Sohibou Gaye Ousmane Ndiaga Senghor Lamine Ndiaye Mouhamed Ndiaye El Hadj Abdellahi Seyid Papa Amadou Ndiaye Ophthalmology Department of Abass NDAO Hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Purpose: To show epidemiological and imaging aspects of congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed late. Method: It was a retrospective study, including all patients with congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed at a late age between January 2020 and October 2022 at the eye center of Abass Ndao Hospital. Complete ophthalmological examination was performed with eye imaging according to the cases. Results: 09 patients (10 eyes) were diagnosed with congenital optic disc abnormalities. The mean age was 29 years, with a sex ratio of 0.8. Three patients had consulted for unilateral decreased visual acuity since childhood, two for sudden vision loss and in four cases the diagnosis was fortuitous. Visual acuity was ranged from 1/200 to 20/20. Fundus examination showed myelinated retinal nerve fibers in four eyes, optic disc pit in three eyes including two complicated by maculopathy, two cases of morning glory syndrome and a case of pseudoduplication of the optic disc. Optical coherence tomography, ocular ultrasound B and OCT-Angiography were performed according to the cases. Conclusion: Congenital optic disc abnormalities are often diagnosed late. They are potentially amblyogenic and complications are not rare, worsening the visual prognosis. Their screening should be systematic by ophthalmological examination in newborns.

关键词： Myelinated Nerves Fibers Optic Disc Pit Morning Glory Syndrome Pseudoduplication Optic Disc

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Optimization and Modeling of Antireflective Layers for Silicon Solar Cells: In Search of Optimal Materials

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第8期9卷 705-722页

作者： Mamadou Moustapha Diop alassane Diaw Nacire Mbengue Ousmane ba Moulaye Diagne Oumar A. Niasse bassirou ba Joseph Sarr Laboratory of Semiconductor and Solar Energy Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Techniques University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Depositing an antireflection coating on the front surface of solar cells allows a significant reduction in reflection losses. It thus allows an increase in the efficiency of the cells. A modeling of the refractive indices and the thicknesses of an optimal antireflection coating has been proposed. Thus, the average reflective losses can be reduced to less than 8% and less than 2.4% in a large wavelength range respectively for a single-layer and double-layer anti-reflective coating types. However, the difficulty of finding these model materials (materials with the same refractive index) led us to introduce two notions: the refractive index difference and the thickness difference. These two notions allowed us to compare the reflectivity of the antireflection layer in silicon surface. Thus, the lower the refractive index difference is, the more the material resembles to the ideal material (in refractive index), and thus its reflective losses are minimal. SiNx and SiO2/TiO2 antireflection layers, in the wavelength range between 400 and 1100 nm, have reduced the average reflectivity losses to less than 9% and 2.3% respectively.

关键词： Antireflection Layer Reflectivity Refractive Index Thickness

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Influence of Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Soil on Solicitations of Mat Foundation

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2015年第2期5卷 249-260页

作者： Oustasse Abdoulaye Sall Makhaly ba Mapathé Ndiaye Daouda Sangare Mathioro Fall alassane Thiam Dé partement de Gé nie Civil UFR SI-Universit&eacute de Thiè s Thi&egrave s S&eacute né gal Dé partement de Mathé matiques UFR SAT-Universit&eacute Gaston Berger Saint Louis S&eacute né gal

This work studies the influence of mechanical and geometrical characteristics of the concrete and the soil on the stresses in a mat foundation. In this study, the soil-structure interaction is modeled by two parameters, the modulus of subgrade vertical reaction (k) and the modulus of subgrade horizontal reaction (2T). These two parameters are dependent on the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the system. Results of this study show a sensitivity of solicitations to variations of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the model. Although solicitations in the plate are sensitive to mechanical properties of concrete, these solicitations are strongly influenced by the mechanical and geometrical characteristics of the soil mass. However, it should be noted that the influence of Eb is denoted in the center of the plate whereas the Es feels almost in the same manner over the entire extent of the plate. This study also shows that for the same load cases, the values of the torsion moment and shear stress are not significant those of bending moments and normal stresses, respectively.

关键词： Plate Soil-Structure Interaction Mechanical Properties Modeling Solicitations

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Influence of the Magnetic Field on the Transient Decay of the Density of Charge Carriers in a Silicon Photocell with Vertical Multijunctions Connected in Series Placed in Open Circuit

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第12期14卷 747-761页

作者： Papa Monzon alassane Samake Papa Touty Traore babou Dione Pape Diop Fatimata ba Mamadou Wade Physics Departement Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Polytechnic School of Thies Water and Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory Thies Senegal

This study investigates the effect of the magnetic field on the transient density of excess minority charge carriers in the base of a series-connected vertical junction silicon solar cell. The solar cell is presented in open circuit transient operation. The magnetic field through the Laplace force which deflects the photogenerated carriers from their initial trajectory towards the lateral surfaces reducing their mobility, diffusion and conduction, will certainly influence the decay time of the transient regime. The transient density of excess minority carriers in the base is a sum of infinite terms whose decay time of the different harmonics is studied.

关键词： Silicon Solar Cell-Series Vertical Junction Recombination Velocities Magnetic Field base Thickness (P) Eigenvalues Decay Time Constant

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Carotid Web as a Cause of Ischemic Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Preliminary Monocentric Descriptive Study of 6 Cases Collected at the Fann Teaching Hospital (Senegal)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 133-139页

作者： Ndiaga Matar Gaye alassane Mamadou Diop Adjaratou Dieynabou Sow Abdoul Salam Soumaré Didier Smadja Moustapha Ndiaye Sokhna ba Amadou Gallo Diop Neurology Department Fann Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Stroke Unit Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien Corbeil-Essones France Radiology Department Fann Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Carotid web (CW), a rare and probably unknown arterial cause of ischemic stroke (IS), is commonly reported in young black patients, although most of the published cases resided in a non-African country. We describe the features of the first six Senegalese cases diagnosed at the Neurology Department of the Fann Teaching Hospital in Dakar. Patients and Method: It was a preliminary retrospective and prospective study conducted at the Neurology department of Fann teaching hospital (Dakar-Senegal). The symptomatic CW diagnosis was based on angioCT-scan of the neck arteries. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified-Rankin Scale (mRS) were used to assess the severity of the IS and the functional disability after the event, respectively. Results: CW was causing a left sylvian infarction in 4 patients. The mean age of the patients at the IS diagnosis was 41 ± 6 years with a sex ratio of 1. The mean time to diagnosis of CW was 13 months. Smoking (1/6), hypertension (1/6), and obesity (1/6) were the main vascular risk factors. The mean LDL cholesterol level was 1.52 g/L ± 0.49. The mean initial NIHSS was 15 ± 6 (8-22). Half of the patients had a severe infarction (NIHSS ≥ 15). For secondary prevention, half of the patients were treated with aspirin and the other half with acenocoumarol. After 18 months ± 17 of follow-up, the mean mRS score was 2 ± 1 (1-3). Conclusion: CW is an unknown cause of IS in young black patients. An early and appropriate multidisciplinary management could help to reduce the risk of recurrences.

关键词： Carotid Web Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal AngioCT-Scan Acenocoumarol

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